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1.
Ksenia S. Zhbanova Audrey C. Rule Sarah E. Montgomery Lynn E. Nielsen 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2010,38(4):251-258
Early childhood curricula should be authentic and child-centered, however, many teachers still rely on direct instruction
lessons. To better define how an integrated curriculum meets the needs of students, this study examined teacher talk and actions
during instructional activities with first and second graders under two conditions: (1) subject-integrated social studies
lessons of an integrated curriculum unit (experimental condition); and (2) single subject-focused mathematics lessons of a
traditional separate subject curriculum (control condition). The mixed-methods study sought to define and compare characteristics
of both curriculum approaches. Fourteen hours of observations were collected in each setting. In the integrated curriculum
setting, the teacher was a facilitator of teamwork, offering choices, and giving praise; students made choices, decisions,
and worked collaboratively. In the traditional setting, the teacher delivered direct instruction and controlled behavior;
students followed directions, recalled knowledge, and worked individually. Less teacher energy was expended for behavior management
in the integrated curriculum setting, indicating intrinsic motivation of students. Implementation of integrated curricula
is recommended because of the student-centered focus that results in greater motivation, ownership, and teamwork, along with
deeper knowledge connections. Because many factors hinder implementation, teachers need support when first teaching with this
approach. 相似文献
2.
Undergraduate college “science partners” provided content knowledge and a supportive atmosphere for K–5 teachers in a university–school professional development partnership program in science instruction. The Elementary Science Education Partners program, a Local Systemic Change initiative supported by the National Science Foundation, was composed of four major elements: 1) a cadre of mentor teachers trained to provide district-wide teacher professional development; 2) a recruitment and training effort to place college students in classrooms as science partners in semester-long partnerships with teachers; 3) a teacher empowerment effort termed “participatory reform”; and 4) an inquiry-based curriculum with a kit distribution and refurbishment center. The main goals of the program were to provide college science students with an intensive teaching experience and to enhance teachers'' skills in inquiry-based science instruction. Here, we describe some of the program''s successes and challenges, focusing primarily on the impact on the classroom teachers and their science partners. Qualitative analyses of data collected from participants indicate that 1) teachers expressed greater self-confidence about teaching science than before the program and they spent more class time on the subject; and 2) the college students modified deficit-model negative assumptions about the children''s science learning abilities to express more mature, positive views. 相似文献
3.
Amy Akins 《Educational Action Research》2013,21(3):479-498
The purpose of this study was to see how well an elementary teacher intern was able to help her students see both the differences between language arts, science and social studies, and connections among them, using an action research design, including student interviews, observer logs, journal notes, students' ‘connection’ journals, student work, and her record and planning book as data sources. She designed and delivered an interdisciplinary language arts, science and social studies curriculum that focused on electricity. She found that students were finally able to see the interdisciplinary natures of language arts and science, and language arts and social studies, but did not see connections between science and social studies. Implications include making explicit disciplinary instruction, as well as connections between the disciplines. 相似文献
4.
This paper mentions the extent to which contemporary science curricula include knowledge of the nature of science as a goal of science instruction; it outlines the crucial role played by the pendulum in the achievements of the scientific revolution and documents how little these achievements are included in standard textbooks; it describes a number of classroom pendular experiments and activities that reproduce some of the main 17th centuary experiments and indicates how students can relive the original scientific, procedural and methodological debates; finally the paper suggests ways in which the pendulum can be used in cross-disciplinary teaching thus giving students a more authentic understanding of the way that science has developed in conjunction with mathematics, music, religion and commerce. 相似文献
5.
Gultekin Cakmakci Hatice Sevindik Meryem Pektas Asli Uysal Fatma Kole Gamze Kavak 《Research in Science Education》2012,42(3):469-489
This paper reports on an attempt to investigate Turkish primary school students’ interest in science by using their self-generated
questions. We investigated students’ interest in science by analyzing 1704 self-generated science-related questions. Among
them, 826 questions were submitted to a popular science magazine called Science and Children. Such a self-selected sample
may represent a group of students who have a higher level of motivation to seek sources of information outside their formal
education and have more access to resources than the students of low social classes. To overcome this problem, 739 students
were asked to write a question that they wanted to learn from a scientist and as a result 878 questions were gathered. Those
students were selected from 13 different schools at 9 cities in Turkey. These schools were selected to represent a mixture
of socioeconomic areas and also to cover different students’ profile. Students’ questions were classified into two main categories:
the field of interest and the cognitive level of the question. The results point to the popularity of biology, astrophysics,
nature of scientific inquiry, technology and physics over other science areas, as well as indicating a difference in interest
according to gender, grade level and the setting in which the questions were asked. However, our study suggests that only
considering questions submitted to informal learning environments, such as popular science magazines or Ask-A-Scientist Internet
sites has limitations and deficiencies. Other methodologies of data collection also need to be considered in designing teaching
and school science curriculum to meet students’ needs and interest. The findings from our study tend to challenge existing
thinking from other studies. Our results show that self-generated questions asked in an informal and a formal setting have
different patterns. Some aspects of students’ self-generated questions and their implications for policy, science curriculum
reform and teaching are discussed in this paper. 相似文献
6.
Alan C. Love 《Science & Education》2013,22(2):255-278
Evolutionary developmental biology (Evo-devo) is a vibrant area of contemporary life science that should be (and is) increasingly incorporated into teaching curricula. Although the inclusion of this content is important for biological pedagogy at multiple levels of instruction, there are also philosophical lessons that can be drawn from the scientific practices found in Evo-devo. One feature of particular significance is the interdisciplinary nature of Evo-devo investigations and their resulting explanations. Instead of a single disciplinary approach being the most explanatory or fundamental, different methodologies from biological disciplines must be synthesized to generate empirically adequate explanations. Thus, Evo-devo points toward a non-reductionist epistemology in biology. I review three areas where these synthetic efforts become manifest as a result of Evo-devo’s practices (form versus function reasoning styles; problem-structured investigations; idealizations related to studying model organisms), and then sketch some possible applications to teaching biology. These philosophical considerations provide resources for life science educators to address (and challenge) key aspects of the National Science Education Standards and Benchmarks for Scientific Literacy. 相似文献
7.
Vicente Mellado María Luisa Bermejo Lorenzo J. Blanco Constantino Ruiz 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2008,6(1):37-62
We describe research carried out with a prospective secondary biology teacher, whom we shall call Miguel. The teacher’s conceptions
of the nature of science and of learning and teaching science were analyzed and compared with his classroom practice when
teaching science lessons. The data gathering procedures were interviews analyzed by means of cognitive maps and classroom
observations. The results reflected Miguel’s relativist conceptions of the nature of science that were consistent with his
constructivist orientation in learning and teaching. In the classroom, however, he followed a strategy of transmission of
external knowledge based exclusively on teacher explanations, the students being regarded as mere passive receptors of that
knowledge. Miguel’s classroom behavior was completely contrary to his conceptions, which were to reinforce the students’ alternative
ideas through debate, and not by means of teacher explanation. 相似文献
8.
Anderson Hassell Norton Andrea McCloskey 《Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education》2008,11(4):285-305
The challenge that we address concerns teachers’ shifts toward student-centered instruction. We report on a yearlong professional
development study in which two United States elementary school teachers engaged in a teaching experiment, as described by
Steffe and Thompson (in: Lesh and Kelly (eds) Research on design in mathematics and science education, 2000). The teaching
experiment involved close mathematical interactions with a pair of students after school, in the context of solving fractions
tasks. By conducting a teaching experiment, we anticipated that each teacher would have more opportunity to develop insight
into students’ mathematics. We also anticipated that these insights would influence the teachers’ classroom practice, even
without explicit support for such a shift. Indeed, the teachers found that they began asking more probing questions of their
students and spending more time listening to students’ explanations, but shifts to classroom practice were limited by constraining
factors such an inflexible curriculum. 相似文献
9.
Ellen M. Granger Todd H. Bevis Sherry A. Southerland Yavuz Saka Fengfeng Ke 《科学教学研究杂志》2019,56(3):348-370
This research examines factors influencing elementary science teacher learning as they participate in professional development with and enactment of educative curricula in comparison with learning following limited professional development and enactment of traditional curricula. Using a randomized cluster design (125 teachers and 2,694 students in 4th—5th grades) that met the What Works Clearinghouse standards without reservations, teacher learning was conceptualized using four outcomes. Data were analyzed using standard single-level multiple regression models and possible mediation models for the teacher outcomes were considered using piecewise multiple regression and path analytic approaches. Treatment group teachers experienced greater increases in content knowledge, views of science inquiry, beliefs about reform-based teaching, and teaching self-efficacy than comparison group teachers. The findings indicate that what teachers learn from the combination of professional development and teaching with educative curriculum varies according to what their knowledge and beliefs are on entering the experience. Surprisingly, high entry-level self-efficacy was associated not only with lower learning gains for the teachers, but also for their students. Finally, teachers' space science learning and that of their students are implicated as mediators of the positive effect of the professional development and educative curriculum enactment on teacher beliefs about reform science teaching. This work refines and extends a theoretical framework of teachers' participatory relationship with curricula. 相似文献
10.
The BIO2010 report provided a compelling argument for the need to create learning experiences for undergraduate biology students that are more authentic to modern science. The report acknowledged the need for research that could help practitioners successfully create and reform biology curricula with this goal in mind. Our objective in this article was to explore how a set of six design heuristics could be used to evaluate the potential of curricula to support productive learning experiences for science students. We drew on data collected during a long-term study of an undergraduate traineeship that introduced students to mathematical modeling in the context of modern biological problems. We present illustrative examples from this curriculum that highlight the ways in which three heuristics—instructor role-modeling, holding students to scientific norms, and providing students with opportunities to practice these norms—consistently supported learning across the curriculum. We present a more detailed comparison of two different curricular modules and explain how differences in student authority, problem structure, and access to resources contributed to differences in productive engagement by students in these modules. We hope that our analysis will help practitioners think in more concrete terms about how to achieve the goals set forth by BIO2010. 相似文献
11.
M. Gail Jones James Minogue Tom Oppewal Michelle P. Cook Bethany Broadwell 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2006,15(5-6):345-351
Science instruction is typically highly dependent on visual representations of scientific concepts that are communicated through textbooks, teacher presentations, and computer-based multimedia materials. Little is known about how students with visual impairments access and interpret these types of visually-dependent instructional materials. This study explored the efficacy of new haptic (simulated tactile feedback and kinesthetics) instructional technology for teaching cell morphology and function to middle and high school students with visual impairments. The study examined students’ prior experiences learning about the cell and cell functions in classroom instruction, as well as how haptic feedback technology impacted students’ awareness of the 3-D nature of an animal cell, the morphology and function of cell organelles, and students’ interest in the haptic technology as an instructional tool. Twenty-one students with visual impairment participated in the study. Students explored a tactile model of the cell with a haptic point probe that allowed them to feel the cell and its organelles. Results showed that students made significant gains in their ability to identify cell organelles and found the technology to be highly interesting as an instructional tool. The need for additional adaptive technology for students with visual impairments is discussed.This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Numbers 0354578 and 0411656 相似文献
12.
Michael Dias Charles J. Eick Laurie Brantley-Dias 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2011,22(1):53-78
A science teacher educator returned to teaching adolescents after more than 10 years in the professoriate. We studied his
beliefs, practice and daily use of inquiry pedagogy while implementing a reform-based curriculum. Reflection on practice was
evidenced by a weekly journal, classroom observations and debriefings, and extensive interviews. Newly developed practical
knowledge from this experience shifted the science teacher educator’s beliefs away from the Piagetian structuralism espoused
in prescribed curricula towards a more culturally responsive, student-driven approach to teaching science to middle grades
students. The merits and limitations of curricula attempting to follow traditional scientific practices are discussed. 相似文献
13.
The purpose of this case study was to investigate the values demonstrated by an elementary school teacher in her mathematics teaching and what values her students perceived. This research adopted the valuing theory (Raths, Harmin & Simon, 1987) and used classroom observations and interviews to document the teacher’s mathematics pedagogical values and a questionnaire, interviews, and instructional artifacts to document the students’ perceptions of these values. The results of this research identified two educational values and three mathematics pedagogical values that were influenced by the teacher’s personal beliefs about Buddhism, Confucianism, and curriculum. Her goals for education were to reinstate the students’ original enlightenment and the students’ respect for ethics and experts when dealing with people and life; and her values about mathematics learning were that it depends on individual efforts and personal understanding, her central purposes for teaching were to make students understand the mathematics content and to cultivate their problem-solving methods, and her purposes for evaluation were to understand students’ learning and to encourage students to correct their errors. The students’ awareness of these goals and values did not parallel the teacher’s personal priorities. The implications of teachers’ pedagogical values on teacher professional development and curriculum reform are discussed. 相似文献
14.
15.
The teaching of the science topic sound, a popular topic in science instruction, is selectively analyzed over the past century using evidence excerpted from a prominent teacher practitioner journal (School Science And Mathematics). Shifting innovative recommendations on how teachers of science should teach the sound topic are identified in the categories of content and pedagogy. Historical connections to the scientific development of sound, identification of what constitutes the subject matter of sound, recommended general pedagogical strategies, and best practices for teaching strategies associated with the sound concept are examined. Discussion relates to the influence of contextual factors in a given time period (social and theoretical) on the design of curriculum materials used to guide instructional practice. One implication for science teacher education is the need for science teachers to develop an historically and philosophically grounded perspective by examining both the teaching practices on a science topic over an extended time and the historical scientific development of the science topic. 相似文献
16.
Garry Henderson 《Research in Science Education》1992,22(1):188-193
This paper describes a study involving second and third year primary Diploma of Teaching students. It considers their discipline
competence, their confidence in teaching particular topic areas and their views of the nature of science teaching in the classes
in which they were placed during teaching rounds. It then describes attempts made within the science curriculum course to
overcome particular problems.
Specializations: Science teacher education, the practicum. 相似文献
17.
Dr Tim Hardy Ms Margaret Bearlin Dr Valda Kirkwood 《Research in Science Education》1990,20(1):142-151
The aim of the Primary and Early Childhood Science and Technology Education Project (PECSTEP) is to improve teaching and learning
in science and technology of by increasing the number of early childhood and primary teachers who are effective educators.
PECSTEP is based on an interactive model of teaching and systematically links work on gender with the learning and teaching
of science and technology. The project involves: a year-long inservice program which includes the development of a science
curriculum unit by teachers in their schools; linking of the preservice and inservice programs; and the development of support
networks for teachers. Each phase of PECSTEP has been researched by means of surveys, interviews and the use of diaries. Research
questions have focussed particularly on changes in: teachers’ and student teachers’ attitudes to teaching science and technology;
their perceptions of science and technology; their perceptions of their students’ responses and their understandings of how
gender relates to these areas.
Specializations: primary science curriculum, science teacher education, sociology of science, technology and education.
Specializations: gender and science/science teacher education, feminist theory, curriculum theory.
Specializations: Science education research, curriculum development. 相似文献
18.
Karen Goodnough 《Research in Science Education》2010,40(2):239-265
In this study, the author implemented a problem-based learning (PBL) experience that allowed students in an advanced science
methodology course to explore differentiated instruction. Through working systematically in small, collaborative groups, students
explored the nature of differentiated instruction. The objective of the study was to examine pre-service teachers’ developing
conceptions of differentiated instruction (DI) as a way to teach for diversity. The author adopted action research as a strategy
to explore students’ perceptions of DI in the context of science teaching and learning. Several data collection methods and
sources were adopted in the study, including student-generated products, student interviews, classroom observation, and journal
writing. Outcomes report on students’ perceptions of both the potential and challenges associated with adopting a DI approach
to science teaching and learning. 相似文献
19.
Rachel Mamlok-Naaman Avi Hofstein John E. Penick 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2007,18(4):497-524
We describe a workshop in which 10 teachers from 10 schools, located in central Israel, participated in the development of
alternative assessment tools in the context of implementing a new science curriculum for senior high-school students, namely
“Science for All” (an STS type curriculum). In order to assist a group of teachers (who began teaching the “Science for All”
program) in both teaching and assessment strategies, it was decided that the Department of Science Teaching at the Weizmann
Institute of Science would sponsor a workshop for them. An evaluation study was conducted during the workshop and at its completion.
The main goal of the study was to evaluate the outcomes of the workshop and to determine whether its objectives were attained.
The research tools consisted of (a) an attitude questionnaire administered to participating teachers, (b) structured interviews
with the teachers, (c) structured interviews with students, and (d) an attitude questionnaire administered to the students.
Based on the results of the questionnaires and the interviews, it seems that all the teachers who participated in the workshop
gained self-confidence in using the teaching strategies and assessment methods of this new interdisciplinary curriculum. The
interviews with students revealed that their active involvement in their own assessment improved their sense of responsibility
for their achievements. The variety of assignments enabled them to be at their best with certain assignments and to succeed
less with others. In conclusion, we found that running a new interdisciplinary curriculum requires a professional development
program that will stimulate teachers’ creativity and diversify the instructional strategies that they use in the classroom.
Such skills should improve their ability to understand the goals, strategies, and rationale of the curriculum, as well as
their students’ learning difficulties. 相似文献
20.
The nature of science (NOS) has a prominent role among the national science education content standards at all grade levels, K–12. Results from a national survey of collegiate science educators indicate the perception that the greatest contributors to preservice teachers’ understanding of the nature of science were science methods courses, research projects, and science content courses. Implications of findings are discussed, including connections to current research concerning teacher preparation for effective NOS classroom teaching and student learning.The Nature of Science course on the authors’ campus was initiated in the early 1990s, has evolved, and remains in the required core curriculum for preservice chemistry, earth science, and physics teacher candidates. It is the capstone for NOS insights. It adds to and refines impressions garnered implicitly from science content courses, the methods course, and, for some, an undergraduate research experience. 相似文献