共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Luigi Filippini 《Economics of Education Review》1981,1(3):367-379
A human capital approach is assumed to explain wage differentials among workers in an input-output framework, where skilled workers are produced by means of goods and labor of different kinds. The first part discusses the solution of the input-output system; wage differentials are analyzed in terms of the rate of profit. In the second part, on the basis of an education matrix compiled ad hoc, hypothetical wage differentials are calculated according to education costs and the changes of skill prices at various levels of nonwage incomes derived. 相似文献
2.
The paper uses data from the 1980 Brazilian census to analyse the sources of earnings variation among males with emphasis on the role of education, labor market segmentation, geographic location and sector of economic activity. The results indicate a sizeable private rate of return to investment in education across labor market “segments”, especially among rural workers and the self-employed. Such a finding is upheld after econometric corrections for dependent variable (earnings) truncation and selectivity bias regarding who enters a particular economic sector. However, regional earnings differentials persist even after adjustment for a set of personal and job characteristics. Thus, internal migration still has a role to play towards reducing regional earnings disparities. 相似文献
3.
Diana Kuh Jenny Head Rebecca Hardy Michael Wadsworth 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》1997,18(3):385-405
Studies which have investigated the influence of education on adult earnings are almost exclusively concerned with men and take little account of family influences on either education or later earnings. Those studies which have information on women's earnings focus on gender differentials rather than differences between women in opportunities and outcomes. This paper which examines the influence of education and family background on the midlife earnings of a national cohort of British women born immediately after the Second World War is an attempt to redress this situation. It shows that the few women who were able to take full advantage of the expansion in educational opportunities and achieve high educational qualifications earned significantly more in adult life than less educated females. Family background played an important role, both through its effect on early educational achievement and attitude to school work, which in turn influenced the type of secondary school attended and the achievement of educational qualifications, and also by well‐educated mothers raising their daughter's career expectations or providing successful role models. In adult life, employment characteristics which indicated a long‐term commitment to full‐time work and the decision not to have children, or to delay childbearing, were also important predictors of later economic success in this cohort, but did not explain the prior effects of education and family background. Advanced educational qualifications were the key to economic success for women bom in the early post‐war period. 相似文献
4.
《Journal of Vocational Education & Training》2012,64(3):229-238
ABSTRACT Household survey data for II Latin American countries are used to assess earnings differentials by type of secondary education during the late 1980s. Introduction of the cost of the curriculum allows for the estimation of private and social rates of return to investment in education by type of secondary school curriculum. The paper documents mixed results. In some countries the private returns to vocational schooling are higher than the returns to general secondary schooling. Introducing differential cost of curriculum and estimating social returns to schooling results in much lower returns to vocational schooling. 相似文献
5.
Gender earnings differentials in China during the course of development in the post-reform period were examined. The analysis showed that the female–male earnings ratio increased over time in all regions. The region with relatively rapid economic reforms had the highest female–male earnings ratio. Decomposition of the gender earnings differential revealed that in the more developed region a lower percentage of the differential could be explained by gender differences in productive characteristics. Changes in the discriminatory component of the differential by region over time suggested that both the “competition” effect proposed by Becker [The Economics of Discrimination, 1971] and the effects of wage decentralization during economic reforms played a different role in the eastern and central regions versus their role in the western region. Further examination of the sub-components of the explained component of the differential highlighted the minor role of education in explaining the gender earnings differentials. 相似文献
6.
This paper examines whether the results of the earnings equation developed in the over-education/required education/under-education (ORU) literature are sensitive to whether the usual or reference levels of education are measured using the Realized Matches or Worker Self-Assessment methods. The analyses are conducted for all male native-born and immigrant workers in the US, by level of skill, and by occupation. While point estimates differ, particularly when earnings equations are estimated for the smaller samples of sub-groups of the workforce, the general findings are robust to this measurement issue. Thus, the answers provided to the typical research questions in the ORU literature on the productivity of schooling are independent of the measure of the usual or reference level of education used in the analyses. 相似文献
7.
Using data from the American Community Survey for 2012-2016, I estimate relative earnings differentials between teachers and observationally equivalent non-teachers. Two concerns at primary issue in the paper are adequately controlling for differing geographic locations of teachers and non-teachers, and addressing the bias that can arise in the use of logarithmic specifications of earnings regressions to estimate average wage differentials. I find that both issues are of relevance: while ignoring disparate location biases the differential away from zero, failing to account fully for differences in the distribution of earnings for teachers and non-teachers biases it towards zero. An analysis of data from the 2007-2011 American Community Survey suggests that that the magnitude of the teacher pay differential has increased since that time. Other suggested corrections, based on earlier research on differential time misreporting and benefit differences, lead to a smaller but still economically significant differential. 相似文献
8.
This paper examines how workers’ earnings change after involuntary job separations depending on the workers’ acquired IT skills and the specificity of their occupational training. We categorize workers’ occupational skill bundles along two independent dimensions. First, we distinguish between skill bundles that are more specific or less specific compared to the skill bundles needed in the overall labor market. Second, as digitalization becomes ever more important, we distinguish between skill bundles that contain two different types of IT skills, generic or expert IT skills. We expect that after involuntary separations, these different types of IT skills can have opposing effects, either reducing or amplifying earnings losses of workers with specific skill bundles. We find clearly opposing results for workers in specific occupations—but not in general occupations: Having more generic IT skills is positively correlated with earnings after involuntary separations, whereas more expert IT skills is negatively correlated. 相似文献
9.
高职教育的目的是为生产、管理、服务一线培养技能型人才。因此,创新技能教育是高职院校的根本任务,但在实际的教学活动中却存在许多问题。这些问题主要表现在教学过程中的几对矛盾关系上,如教与学的关系、课堂教学与实践教学的关系、创新技能与创新素质的关系等。如何解决这几对矛盾是高职技能创新教育面临的重要课题。 相似文献
10.
《International Journal of Educational Development》1994,14(1):13-22
The paper explores the reasons for racially specific differences in earnings of school-leavers. The results indicate that employers reward certification. In the case of all races, but especially Africans, the quality of the matric. pass was an important factor. Substantial earnings differentials persisted between Africans and the other races. This could reflect labour market discrimination or the fact that employers do not perceive the quality of the African matric to be on par with that of other races. The fact that African matriculants especially those with better quality passes do receive higher earnings raises important questions about educational policy. 相似文献
11.
Tine Stanovnik 《Economics of Education Review》1997,16(4):443-449
This article provides estimates of the returns to education in Slovenia. A Mincerian earnings function was estimated on three data sets, i.e. the 1978, 1983 and 1993 Household Expenditure Survey, with the subsample consisting of households where adults were employees (in the public or private sector). The estimated rates of return for all educational levels and for both men and women were rather low in 1978 and 1983. This can be explained with a tightly regulated labour market, with direct state interference-and thus small wage differentials. In 1993, the estimated rates of return increased considerably, though they are still somewhat lower than in most developed market economies. This increase was-without doubt-caused by a more deregulated labour market and a strong push towards market liberalization. 相似文献
12.
What Do Educational Mismatches Tell Us About Skill Mismatches? A Cross‐country Analysis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The relationship between higher education and employment is commonly interpreted in terms of the extent to which the higher education sector is providing graduates with the knowledge and skills to match employment needs. It is assumed that a mismatch between working in a job and level or field of education limits the use of skills, with adverse effects on both productivity and earnings. This article examines this assumption on the basis of five countries from the European graduate survey (CHEERS data). Although the analysis shows that educational and skill mismatches are indeed related, mismatches by no means imply mismatches between available and required knowledge and skills. The results indicate that traditional approaches of mismatches have to be adapted to more flexible forms of relationships between higher education and work. 相似文献
13.
《Economics of Education Review》2007,26(3):338-348
Existing studies examine the determinants of private university presidents’ compensation, but ignore recent earnings differentials between public and private university presidents. This paper estimates that public university presidents earn approximately 50 percent less than comparable private university presidents. This salary discount is robust to controls for institutional and individual characteristics, and estimation technique. 相似文献
14.
人力资本的外部性与行业收入差异 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
本文使用2000年国家统计局城镇住户调查数据、运用“两阶段计量回归方法”,对中国人力资本外部性与行业收入差异之间的关系进行了实证检验。实证结果显示第一,中国人力资本存在显著的外部性,即行业平均受教育程度越高则行业收入溢出就越大;第二,行业垄断因素也是产生行业收入差异的主要解释变量之一。 相似文献
15.
人力资本投资对贫困地区农民增收作用的实证分析--对湖南西部贫困县的实证分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文以湖南西部贫困县为实证研究对象，分析了人力资本投资对典型贫困地区农民收入的影响。结果表明，人力资本投资有利于改善贫困地区农民个人及其家庭的收入状况，证明了人力资本理论的一般性分析结论具有广泛的适用性。在人力资本投资的几种主要形式中，教育和劳动力迁移对贫困地区农民收入产生着几乎同等重要的作用。技术培训对于增加农户经营性收入有效，而对增加外出务工收入的效果不明显。 相似文献
16.
Harry Anthony Patrinos 《Higher Education》1995,30(4):341-351
Engineers in Greece undergo a heavy schooling investment—five years of university study instead of the usual four. Greece is atypical in that women make up a relatively large portion of the engineering work force. Working women earn substantially less than do men and there is evidence of labor market discrimination. In this paper a recent survey (1987) of employed engineers is used to examine earnings differentials between men and women and to compare the results with an examination of the results of an earlier survey (1977). Results indicate that most of the difference in earnings between male and female engineers in Greece is not accounted for by differences in productive characteristics such as education and experience and, therefore, most of the difference may be due to discrimination. Moreover, the proportion of the earnings differential not explained by productivity has increased over time.This is a revised version of the paper presented at the 1991 Cambridge Social Stratification Research Seminar, Gender, Work and Pay, September 26–27, 1991. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and should not be attributed to the World Bank. 相似文献
17.
Jones DD 《Journal of deaf studies and deaf education》2004,9(4):459-461
Much has been written, over several decades, about the economic damage done by hearing loss. This article compares earnings of male and female deaf or hard-of-hearing college graduates to those of the general population with the same levels of education. Although those hard of hearing appear to reach lower levels of education, with education there is little or no evidence of an earnings lag relative to those without hearing loss. 相似文献
18.
借鉴英国职教经验 探索高职发展道路 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
蔡泽寰 《襄樊职业技术学院学报》2004,3(3):44-47
英国的职业教育经验主要是：重视职教立法；坚持“以学生为中心”的教育理念：普通教育与职业教育相互结合；教育部门与企业界密切合作；大力推行国家职业资格制度：在课程改革方面，倡导“能力本位的教育与培训”。借鉴英国经验提出“一个目标、两个依靠、三级平台”的办学模式和建设三支队伍的思想。即以准确的培养目标定位统揽教育教学的全过程：依靠行业组织和行业研究会办学；建立“校企互动”的人才培养模式；通过搭建工具学科、专业基础理论和专业技能三级教学平台，按照不同的要求分层次开展教学活动，确保学生的素质达到培养目标设定的要求；建设“理论型”、“技能型”和“双师型”三支各具特色、互为补充、相互促进、共同发展的教师队伍，形成实现培养目标的生力军。 相似文献
19.
Using data from Thailand’s National Labor Force Survey, this paper analyzes the long-run earnings differentials for vocational and academic schooling at the secondary and post-secondary levels. The results show that vocational schooling offers consistently higher returns for men and women at the secondary and post-secondary levels. However, the returns to vocational and academic credentials vary substantially, both by gender and year. The primary conclusion that vocational schooling offers a higher private rate of return should be tempered by the understanding of the long-run decline in value of some vocational credentials and the potential growing importance of all post-secondary degrees. 相似文献
20.
Consistent with previous research, the findings indicate that acquired level of youth education, including tertiary education, functions as a socioeconomic stratifier through its effects on occupational status and earnings at the age of 30, 35, 43 and 52. The direct effect of youth education on occupational status is found to decrease from age 30 to 52, whereas the effect of adult education on occupational status augments from age 35 to 52. Adult education appears to mediate and reinforce the effects of youth education on occupational status. The inclusion of adult education does not necessarily alter the predictability of earnings. The probability of acquiring adult education is significantly greater the higher the initial level of youth education. 相似文献