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1.
《Research Policy》2023,52(1):104626
In order to keep up with the pace of innovation, military firms have recently launched a series of open innovation (OI) initiatives to search for and integrate external knowledge into their internal development process. Adopting OI in such a secretive environment unlocks new possibilities to analyze how firms can pursue openness and secrecy. This article builds on a qualitative research conducted inside a large military firm that has implemented an inbound OI strategy. Relying on multiple case studies and interviews with individual players involved in the firm's OI initiatives, we analyzed how these players deploy secrecy practices when participating to OI projects. They actually combine cognitive practices (aiming at modulating the contextual depth of the knowledge revealed through reframing) with relational practices (aiming at controlling the visibility and exposure of this knowledge). We highlight how these combinations evolve during the lifecycle of OI partnerships. By emphasizing different modes by which individual actors practice secrecy in OI, we contribute to previous research addressing how organizations navigate the paradox of openness. Besides, this study proposes new theoretical insights on the role and features of secrecy practices in innovation activities, and thus contributes to the emerging research field of managerial secrecy. 相似文献
2.
以KIBS企业与组织顾客合作创新项目为对象,从组织顾客的破坏性视角嵌入,通过问卷调查深入剖析投机性行为与不公平行为两种组织顾客破坏性行为对组织间合作的影响并揭示其具体的作用机制。结果表明：投机性行为、不公平行为对组织间合作均具有明显的负向作用;组织信任对组织间合作具有明显的促进作用,而组织冲突则具有明显的抑制作用;投机性行为通过降低组织信任、激化组织冲突的部分中介作用进而负向作用于组织间合作;不公平行为通过降低组织信任、激化组织冲突的完全中介作用进而负向作用于组织间合作。 相似文献
3.
开放式创新是当前创新发展的趋势,但企业如何有效实施和管理开放式创新仍然缺乏研究。文章基于开放式技术创新强调内外创新资源互补协同的本质,结合不同外部组织所拥有的关键创新资源,提出不同特质的企业应采取的开放模式,并实证验证。研究发现:开放能提升创新绩效,但企业内部能力和不同开放模式之间存在交互效应。内部R&D能力强的企业,与科学合作伙伴合作能提升创新绩效;内部R&D能力较强而制造能力一般的企业,应较多地与横向合作企业合作;内部R&D能力一般的企业,与技术相关组织和价值链上的合作伙伴密切联系,能显著提升创新绩效。文章指出不同特质的企业应选择与内部能力相匹配的开放模式。 相似文献
4.
“脱钩论”背景下，企业自主创新中自主性与开放性的关系需要从理论上进行说明。传统创新研究大多基于扩散模型进行，认为自主性是技术先验的内在属性，因而也就无需解释自主性与开放性的关系。但在行动者网络理论视域下，自主创新是基于转译模型进行的，技术的属性并不是先验的，而是由参与其中的行动者共同定义的。基于转译模型对华为5G技术创新的研究表明，技术创新的自主性可以分为两个方面：一方面，创新主体要依靠累积循环将知识带回，并作为累积循环的中心对知识进行重新定义；另一方面，创新主体要在技术商业化的过程中，通过与其他行动者的开放性磋商，使相关技术成为行业的国际标准，界定“强制性通道”。这两个方面体现了企业作为技术创新主体对其他行动者的支配性力量，这种力量的行使必须在与其他行动者的开放性互动中才能实现。在此意义上，企业技术创新的自主性是在开放性中生成的。 相似文献
5.
Connections count: How relational embeddedness and relational empowerment foster absorptive capacity
While research has produced ample evidence showing that absorptive capacity affects innovation and organizational performance outcomes, we still know little about why some organizations possess greater absorptive capacity than others. This study extends previous research by showing how absorptive capacity emerges as an unintended consequence from organizational boundary spanners’ external and internal relational embeddedness and their relational empowerment. Drawing upon survey data from 218 inter-organizational projects in the German engineering industry, we propose and find empirically that potential and realized absorptive capacity have partially distinct antecedents. Moreover, we show that the two components of absorptive capacity unfold not only separate but also complementary effects on innovation, implying that the whole of absorptive capacity is greater than its parts. In examining how different components of absorptive capacity emerge and unfold their effects, this study addresses critical limitations of the literature on absorptive capacity. 相似文献
6.
本文以竞合理论为基础,提出组织间技术合作、技术竞争、技术竞合与知识流动之间关系的理论假设,以及创新规模差距的调节作用,运用社会网络分析QAP方法对2008-2017年间新能源汽车领域511个样本组织进行了实证检验。研究结果表明：组织间的技术合作、技术竞争对知识流动具有显著正向作用,但技术竞合对知识流动具有显著负向作用;组织间的创新规模差距会削弱技术合作关系对知识流动的正向作用,增强技术竞争关系对知识流动的正向作用,增强技术竞合关系对知识流动的负向作用。本研究不仅丰富了组织间知识流动影响因素的研究,同时也能为政府部门制定决策提供支撑。 相似文献
7.
This is a historical study of organizational change projects based on documents as the primary data source. It covers a period of 15 years (1985–2000) at an offshore construction yard. The study shows that change agents created links between new and former projects when they prepared, introduced, and motivated employees for ‘yet another’ change project, a process coined as ‘institutional bridging.’ The bridges served both as legitimation of the new project and as a means to carry forward practices, values, and knowledge. For practicing managers and change agents, this finding implies that disruptive change may be avoided if one succeeds in building bridges between sequential change projects. Then planned change may serve both as carriers and as creators of organizational knowledge. Theoretically, the study contributes to the discussion of organizational carriers and how organizations continue and develop identity in contexts characterized by uncertainty and change. 相似文献
8.
This paper examines the relationship between (outside-in) open innovation and the financial performance of R&D projects, drawing on a unique dataset that contains information on the open innovation practices, management and performance of 489 R&D projects of a large European multinational firm. We introduce two types of open innovation partnerships – science-based and market-based partnerships – and examine their relationships with project financial performance. In addition, we investigate whether the open innovation—project performance relationships are influenced by the way how R&D projects are managed. Our results show that R&D projects with open innovation partnerships are associated with a better financial performance providing that they are managed in the most suitable way. Market-based partnerships are positively correlated with project performance if a formal project management process is used; however these partnerships are associated with a lower performance for loosely managed projects. In contrast, science-based partnerships are associated with higher project revenues for loosely managed projects only. 相似文献
9.
企业技术创新人才应该作为人力资本参与技术创新成果的利益分配,根据企业技术创新项目的不同类型可以设立不同的EVA分成率标准,然后对技术创新项目成员进行“二次分配”。在研发型项目中,EVA值的确定可以视研发成果的获取利润的两种途径进行评定,然后依据技术创新人才在项目中角色绩效进行“二次分配”;而应用型项目的EVA值主要是通过项目实施前后企业收益差减去资本成本得到的,对项目成员奖励时采用“关键节点重要性衡量法”进行评定。 相似文献
10.
开放性有利于企业获取更多的创新机会,但开放式创新过程中也需要考虑独占性损失的风险,因为独占性对企业创新新颖性和效率等绩效存在重要的影响。本研究旨在剖析独占性机制和开放性对创新漏斗不同阶段的创新绩效的影响。整合企业跨界搜索理论与知识保护理论,基于332家广东省制造业企业的问卷调查数据,探讨开放性与独占性机制对创新漏斗不同阶段的创新绩效影响。研究发现：正式独占性机制的使用负向影响创新漏斗创意形成阶段的创新效率,半正式独占性机制的使用有利于提升创新漏斗创意形成阶段的创新效率,而非正式独占性机制则有助于创新漏斗创意形成和新产品开发与商业化阶段的创新新颖性的提升;另外,创新新颖性通过创新漏斗整个阶段的横向合作开放性来解释,尤其是与高校科研院所的合作,与竞争对手合作开放性对新产品开发与商业化阶段的创新新颖性积极正相关,而垂直合作开放性则对新产品开发与商业化阶段的创新效率具有正相关关系。 相似文献
11.
信用管理与间接费用挂钩是未来我国财政科研项目资金管理落实“放管服”要求的重要政策工具,其根本目的是优化财政科研项目间接费用管理、建立有效的激励约束机制。基于委托代理理论中的激励约束框架,对美国、英国和中国财政科研项目间接费用中的激励和约束机制分别展开分析,并在三个国家对比的基础上,构建引入信用管理后我国财政科研项目间接费用管理中的激励约束框架及关键点。 相似文献
12.
基于服务生态系统视角探索多主体参与的服务创新过程，以软件服务企业服务项目实施过程展开案例分析。研究表明：行动主体在服务创新过程中不同阶段的服务生态系统结构和知识共创具有差异性。先导阶段为核心行动主体型结构，以内向型知识共创为主；发生阶段主为多元网络型结构，以内向型与外向型知识共创混合为特征；输出阶段为多元网络型或复杂系统型结构，以外向型知识共创为主。案例揭示了服务创新过程中行动主体参与度、知识共创和服务创新绩效的内在影响关系，为探究多主体服务创新内在机理提供了理论框架。 相似文献
13.
Open data is considered an important resource to stimulate innovation and create economic and social value. Open data researchers have examined the importance of data publication by public bodies, but in contrast, much less attention has focused on how open data is exploited. In this paper, we aim to provide insight into the actions of platforms to assist open data exploitation by transformational entrepreneurs, which systemically facilitate transformation in socio-economic development. Our findings investigate two types of mechanism, reflecting the openness of the data movement and the competitive commercial need for closure. First, inclusion mechanisms are social mechanisms of the open data ecosystem which seek to attract a broad range of potential collaborators through supporting entrepreneurs to innovate with open data. Second, exclusion mechanisms are deployed to filter collaborators, to identify those who are seen by platforms to be more likely to successfully exploit their data, or develop revenue sharing relationships. We reveal how these mechanisms are used at different stages of the innovation process, to initially attract a wide pool of collaborators, before seeking to reduce them to better target limited resources. Despite ‘openness’ being a key requirement of open data publication, for successful transformational entrepreneur exploitation, it requires dimensions of closure. 相似文献
14.
Olof Hallonsten 《普罗米修斯》2017,35(1):21-35
The third sector of national innovation systems comprises non-academic, publicly owned R&D organizations that complement universities and private-sector firms and are normally called ‘research institutes’. Scholarly attention to these organizations has been scarce, partly a consequence of the theoretical imbalance in favor of conceptualizations of innovation processes as requiring mainly universities, private-sector firms, and governmental authorities to occur and succeed. Similarly, while this third sector often makes up a significant share of national innovation systems, it receives less attention in national research and innovation policy than do, say, universities. This paper argues that the role(s) and function(s) of third sector research institutes deserve to be mapped and analyzed in greater detail in order to understand how various organizational actors interact to produce innovation. From a comprehensive literature review and basic analysis of three institute groups in three Nordic countries, the paper makes a first preliminary analysis of the topic. While this analysis yields some interesting conclusions, its main function is to point the way for future studies. In these, other actors in the system should be investigated in thorough empirical studies, armed with tools from classic sociological systems theory that enhance the conceptual strength of the innovation systems framework and enable the acknowledgement of the role(s) and function(s) of several important organizational actors, not least research institutes. 相似文献
15.
管理者如何在不确定环境下管理好组织间信任模式,继而提升企业合作创新绩效成为企业面临的现实问题。本文基于战略决策视角分析不确定环境下组织间信任对合作创新绩效的影响机制。研究结果显示,组织间计算信任与关系信任对企业间合作创新绩效的影响具有差异性,具体表现为组织间计算信任能显著提升企业间合作创新绩效,组织间关系信任与企业间合作创新绩效间呈倒U型非线性关系,且关系信任的合作创新激励效应强于计算信任。进一步,市场不确定正向调节关系信任与合作创新关系,负向调节计算信任与合作创新关系。行为不确定负向调节关系信任与合作创新关系,正向调节计算信任与合作创新关系。本文丰富了供应链网络下组织间信任与企业创新发展相关理论研究,为企业在不确定环境下管理合作信任模式提供借鉴与指导。 相似文献
16.
This study examined how participation in open innovation communities influences the innovative and financial performance of firms commercializing open source software. Using an original dataset of open source companies in the Netherlands, I found that the community participation–performance relationship is curvilinear. In addition, results indicate that extensive technical participation in open source projects is more strongly related to performance for firms that also engage in social (“offline”) community activities, for companies of larger size, and for firms with high R&D intensities. Overall, this research refines our understanding of the boundary conditions under which engagement in community-based innovation yields private returns to commercial actors. 相似文献
17.
创新集群的培育有赖于各种组织主体的互动和协调.而国外有关创新集群中的组织研究,散见于创新集群的文献之中,专文讨论内部组织的研究还很不充分.在考察创新集群内部组织界定的基础上,综述了创新集群中组织构成、桥梁组织的连接功能和创新功能以及组织间的竞争与合作;提炼了四个有待深入研究的有关创新集群组织间合作的命题;评述了现有研究的特征、不足并给出了对于未来研究的展望. 相似文献
18.
Self-driving cars promise solutions to some of the hazards of human driving but there are important questions about the safety of these new technologies. This paper takes a qualitative social science approach to the question ‘how safe is safe enough?’ Drawing on 50 interviews with people developing and researching self-driving cars, I describe two dominant narratives of safety. The first, safety-in-numbers, sees safety as a self-evident property of the technology and offers metrics in an attempt to reassure the public. The second approach, safety-by-design, starts with the challenge of safety assurance and sees the technology as intrinsically problematic. The first approach is concerned only with performance—what a self-driving system does. The second is also concerned with why systems do what they do and how they should be tested. Using insights from workshops with members of the public, I introduce a further concern that will define trustworthy self-driving cars: the intended and perceived purposes of a system. Engineers’ safety assurances will have their credibility tested in public. ‘How safe is safe enough?’ prompts further questions: ‘safe enough for what?’ and ‘safe enough for whom?’
相似文献19.
《International Journal of Information Management》2017,37(4):350-356
The race against ‘Digital Darwinism’ in public sector had caused failures of several high profile large-scale Digitally Enabled Service Transformation (DEST) projects. While technical and managerial issues are often emphasised as the factors underpinning such failures, the vital role of key actors and the interplay between these actors and structures is underplayed when examining the causes of DEST failure. To enable a richer understanding of DEST, this paper proposes an analytical lens combining Institutional Theory (IT) and Structuration Theory (ST) to explore the case of ‘Universal Credit’, a very large and ambitious DEST project in the UK. Analysis reveals that the institutional actors and structures played significant roles in the transformation process. Albeit governing the actors’ actions, institutional structures are shaped through actions that are influenced by knowledge, power and norms. Hence, recognising and addressing these subliminal factors are critical to promote actions that can facilitate DEST success. The contributions of this case study are two-folds. Theoretically, it provides a distinctive conceptual approach to study DEST; and practically, the lessons help in signposting better managerial practices. 相似文献
20.
Knowledge management (KM) in project-based organizations has received substantial attention in recent years, as knowledge processes are insufficiently supported within the organization as a whole. This study specifically focuses on the project actor’s role in managing knowledge. From an actor’s perspective, the problems raised by knowledge embeddedness are identified as a key issue to link project knowledge and organizational knowledge. A conceptual framework is developed that addresses three different aspects of knowledge embeddedness: a relational dimension, a temporal dimension and a structural dimension. Three cases are studied, covering varying forms of organizations in different areas (a consulting firm, an R&D department and an industrial business unit). The results concerning the relational dimension indicate that project actors re-build the network of relationships supporting knowledge. Regarding the temporal dimension, and specifically in their professional field, actors frame professional knowledge related to their project experience. However, actors fail to surmount the problems raised by the structural dimension of knowledge embeddedness. The resulting recommendations for KM concern both Human Resource Management practices and organizational design. 相似文献