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1.
Hagar Gal 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2011,78(2):183-203
“From Another Perspective” is a year-long course for teachers of mathematics that is designed to enhance teachers’ awareness
of the way that their students think when they are experiencing difficulties in geometry. It also aims at equipping teachers
with tools needed to analyze and cope with Problematic Learning Situations in geometry (Gal & Linchevski, 2000). This paper reviews the rationale, content, and approach of the course, which is characterized as “the Back and Forth model”.
It then reports on a study that tracked the changes that course participants (pre- and in-service mathematics teachers) passed
through. The paper describes the results of the case study of Eti, one of the participants, who taught mathematics to junior
high school students. The findings suggest that Eti was helped to achieving the goals of: (1) expanding and deepening her
understanding of students’ ways of thinking; (2) increasing her awareness of her students’ processes of thinking in order
to identify their difficulties; (3) equipping her with appropriate tools to analyze and cope with such difficulties; and (4)
enhancing her ability to retrieve and utilize this knowledge while making instructional decisions. Conclusions and open questions
for further study are drawn. 相似文献
2.
Professional Development of Physics Teachers in an Evidence-Based Blended Learning Program 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hana Berger Bat-Sheva Eylon Esther Bagno 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2008,17(4):399-409
The present study examined continuity of learning between face-to-face and online environments in a “blended” professional
development program designed for 16 physics teachers. The program had nine face-to-face meetings as well as continuous online
exchanges between them through a website. The program focused on “knowledge integration” (KI) innovative activities in physics
classes using an “evidence-based” approach: The teachers implemented the activities, collected and analyzed data about their
practice and their students’ learning, and reflected on the evidence with their peers. Five reflective tools were used to
promote continuity: Your Comments, Hot Polls, Smashing Sentences, Hot Reports, and Mini Research. Continuity was assessed with regard to the ideas discussed by the teachers and the reasoning patterns that they employed.
Analysis of the online exchanges in relation to teachers’ face-to-face discourse revealed that the teachers discussed the
same ideas (KI, evidence and learner-centered pedagogies), employed the same reasoning patterns (e.g., forming generalizations),
and extended ideas in re-visitation. The online and face-to-face environments played different and complementary roles in
the teachers’ learning. This study shows that appropriate use of an online environment in a blended program can lead to a
continuous course of learning and can transform a “9 once-a-month-meetings” workshop into a “9-month” workshop. 相似文献
3.
Charles Haynes Ed.D. Pamela Hook Ph.D. Paul Macaruso Ph.D. Etsuko Muta M.Ed. Yoichi Hayashi M.A. Junko Kato M.D. Tokuko Sasaki M.Ed. 《Annals of dyslexia》2000,50(1):213-238
This study compared U.S. and Japanese grade school teachers’ perceptions of the strengths and weaknesses of children in their
classrooms identified as fitting commonly used criteria for a learning disability. U.S. teachers identified 4.0 percent of
their children as meeting the criteria and Japanese teachers identified 1.5 percent. The teachers then rated these children’s
abilities in the areas of listening, speaking, reading/writing, reasoning, mathematics, social, and study skills. Overall,
U.S. and Japanese teachers’ rating patterns were similar on 70 percent of the skills. In most areas where significant differences
were found—listening, speaking, reading/writing and study skills—U.S. teachers rated higher percentages of their children
as “weaker” than Japanese teachers. A noteworthy exception was the area of social skills where Japanese children received
higher percentages of “weak” ratings. U.S. and Japanese teachers also differed in their perceptions of causative factors leading
to their children’s learning difficulties. We discuss the findings in terms of U.S.-Japanese differences in writing systems
and cultural expectations. 相似文献
4.
Animation has great potential for improving the way people learn. A number of studies in different scientific disciplines
have shown that instruction involving computer animations can facilitate the understanding of processes at the molecular level.
However, using animation alone does not ensure learning. Students sometimes miss essential features when they watch only animations,
mainly due to the cognitive load involved. Moreover, students seem to attribute a great deal of authority to the computer
and may develop misconceptions by taking animations of abstract concepts too literally. In this study, we attempted to explore
teachers’ perceptions concerning the use of animations in the classroom while studying biotechnological methods, as well as
the teachers’ contribution to the enactment of animations in class. Thirty high-school biotechnology teachers participated
in a professional development workshop, aimed at investigating how teachers plan for and support learning with animation while
studying biotechnological methods in class. From that sample, two teachers agreed to participate in two case studies aimed
at characterizing teachers’ contribution to the enactment of animations in class while studying biotechnological methods.
Our findings reveal marked teacher contribution in the following three aspects: establishing the “hands-on” point of view,
helping students deal with the cognitive load that accompanies the use of animation, and implementing constructivist aspects
of knowledge construction while studying using animations. 相似文献
5.
Shi-Yong Peng 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2010,11(2):243-252
Using Kuhn and McPartland’s approach, 116 Chinese college students were recruited and asked to write as many sentences as
possible beginning with “Chinese…,” “Americans…,” and “Japanese….” The population of sentences consisted of 258 adjectives,
of which 96 described Chinese, 53 described Americans, and 109 described Japanese. Next, the first ten adjectives with the
highest frequencies describing Chinese, Americans, and Japanese, respectively were selected for the second step of data collection
in that students were asked if they would accept these adjectives describing Chinese, Americans, and Japanese. If they did,
they were further asked to provide examples or illustrations to support their agreement. Based on the top 30 adjectives and
the qualitative data collected at the second step, students’ perceptions of Chinese, American, and Japanese were analyzed.
The results of the data analysis discovered that Chinese students are, to some extent, stereotyped toward American and Japanese,
and their understanding of Chinese people is not accurate, either. The results confirm that media to certain extent are responsible
for the shaping of some of the students’ stereotypes. Evidently, the results of this study suggest that the Chinese students’
stereotypes will affect their intercultural communication with Americans and Japanese. Although this study does not provide
tactics on the reduction or elimination of stereotypes in the process of intercultural communication, it provides meaningful
clues for future research in how stereotypes may be reduced by way of intercultural contact or training. This research has
two major limitations. First, all the subjects are Chinese. Had American and Japanese samples been selected for a comparative
investigation, more meaningful and insightful results could have been obtained. Second, because of the space constraints,
verbs and nouns were not analyzed. 相似文献
6.
Kelli R. Paquette Susan E. Fello Mary Renck Jalongo 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2007,35(1):65-73
Listening and reading comprehension can be assessed by analyzing children’s visual, verbal, and written representations of
their understandings. “Talking Drawings” (McConnell, S. (1993). Talking drawings: A strategy for assisting learners. Journal of Reading, 36(4), 260–269 is one strategy that enables children to combine their prior knowledge with the new information derived from
an expository text and “translate” those newly-acquired understandings into other symbol systems, including an oral discussion
with a partner, a more detailed drawing, and written labels for the drawing. The Talking Drawings strategy begins by inviting
children to create pre-learning drawings. These initial drawings are a way of taking inventory of a child’s current content
knowledge about a particular topic. After pre-learning drawings are created and shared, children listen to or read an expository
text (e.g., information book, passage from a textbook) on the same topic as their drawing. Pairs of students discuss the information
and either modify their pre-learning drawings to be more detailed or create completely new drawings that reflect the recently-acquired
information. Students are encouraged to label their drawings with words in a diagram or schematic fashion. By evaluating the
“before” and “after” artwork, educators can identify advances in students’ reading and listening comprehension of the terminology,
facts, and principles on a particular topic. 相似文献
7.
Tailoring National Standards to Early Science Teacher Identities: Building on Personal Histories to Support Beginning Practice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Charles J. Eick 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2009,20(2):135-156
Individual recommendation plans (IRP) for student teaching practice were co-constructed with two methods students based on
the select application of National Science Teachers Association’s National Standards for Science Teacher Preparation. Methods
students completed a resume, an interview on pedagogical preferences, and a learning styles survey to determine the reform-based
standards and pedagogical approaches that better fit their personal histories and identity formation as science teachers.
Each case was unique with one student better meeting the Standards of “Issues” and “Science in the Community” and the other
student better meeting the standards of “Inquiry” and the “Nature of Science”. Student teachers planned and taught lessons
based on their IRP and were mostly successful in meeting their prescribed standards and utilizing their preferred pedagogies.
However, their success in use of specific strategies supporting their approach was highly dependent upon classroom context.
The use of the IRP process as a reflective tool strengthening identity formation and early practice is discussed. 相似文献
8.
Duane F. Shell Gregory R. Snow Daniel R. Claes 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2011,20(2):161-177
This paper reports results from evaluation of the Cosmic Ray Observatory Project (CROP), a student, teacher, scientist partnership
to engage high-school students and teachers in school based cosmic ray research. Specifically, this study examined whether
an intensive summer workshop experience could effectively prepare teacher—student teams to engage in cutting edge high-energy
physics research. Results showed that teachers and students could acquire enough knowledge about cosmic ray physics and self-efficacy
for conducting cosmic ray research during a summer workshop to be full participants in an SSP conducting research in their
schools, and a capstone anchoring approach using an authentic research activity was effective for motivating student engagement
in didactic classroom learning. CROP demonstrated “proof of concept” that setting up cosmic ray detector arrays in schools
run by teachers and students was feasible, but found that set-up and operation in a high-school was technically difficult. 相似文献
9.
Don Metz 《Science & Education》2009,18(5):581-592
According to Thomas Kuhn, a significant part of “normal science” is the fact gathering, empirical work which is intended to
illustrate an existing paradigm. Some of this effort focuses on the determination of physical constants such as the astronomical
unit (AU). For Kuhn, normal science is also what prepares students for membership in a particular scientific community and
is embodied in some form in our science textbooks. However, neither Kuhn nor the textbook says much about the individuals
who practice normal science, especially those who had been relegated to the “hack” duties of long and arduous measurement
and calculation. In this paper, to provide a context for students of astronomy, I will outline the story of the determination
of the AU and in particular the contribution of William Wales, an obscure British astronomer. Wales, toiling in the shadow
of Halley (of Halley’s comet fame), Mason and Dixon (of Mason and Dixon line fame) and the infamous Captain Cook endured a
brutal winter in northern Canada for a brief glimpse of the 1769 transit of Venus. In the end, Wales supplied one small piece
of the puzzle in the determination of the AU and he exemplified the human spirit and persistence of a Kuhnian “puzzle solver”.
相似文献
Don MetzEmail: |
10.
Reforms are typically criticized for failing to bridge the gap between practitioners and researchers and for the lack of research
support provided prior to implementation. Research has indicated that preservice teachers’ understandings of high-quality
science teaching are formed by teacher training programs. The purposes of this study are to investigate views about science
in preservice teachers in old and new teacher training programs and to determine whether and how these two programs shape
teacher trainees’ views of science. A total of 459 students from a 4-year elementary science teacher training program participated
in the study. A 41-item instrument was used to collect data. Four factors were extracted from the data, explaining 41.58%
of the variance, and the reliability was found to be .86. There were significant differences for both males and females between
the old and new programs. However, no difference was found between males’ and females’ total scores. In addition, students
from the two programs had significantly different scores on the sub-scales of “Anxiety” and “Uncertainty”. For example, males
in the new program had significantly higher scores on the “Anxiety” and “Uncertainty” sub-scales. The overall increase in
science course hours and decrease in science method course hours in the new program may account for these findings. 相似文献
11.
The purpose of this article is to examine how and to what extent schools’ responses to accountability policies in the United
States influence the ability of new teachers of color to draw on their own and their students’ cultural resources to engage
in culturally responsive teaching. A 5-year study of 17 new teachers of color reveals that these teachers identified three
principal tensions which correspond to the three dimensions of culturally responsive teaching: (a) cultural and linguistic
relevance versus standardization, (b) community of learners versus teacher transmission, and (c) social justice versus enhanced
test scores. The teachers also described two mechanisms by which accountability-based programs and policies were enforced:
fear of monitoring and internalizing the link between testing and educational opportunity. We applied the metaphor of “double
bind” to explain the tensions and enforcement mechanisms encountered by these teachers. The “double bind” forced the new teachers
of color to enact contradictory systemic demands promoted by government policy and the teaching profession and exacted an
individual toll. We conclude with implications for policy, practice, and research. 相似文献
12.
Feral Ogan-Bekiroglu Hatice Akkoç 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2009,7(6):1173-1199
The purposes of this study were to determine preservice physics teachers’ instructional beliefs and to investigate the relationship
between their beliefs and practices. The theoretical framework was based on the combination Haney & McArthur’s (Science Education, 86(6):783–802, 2002) research and Ford’s (1992) motivation systems theory. A multicase study design was utilized for the research in order to focus on a belief–practice
relationship within several examples. Semistructured interviews, observations, and preservice teachers’ written documents
were used to collect data. Results showed that most preservice teachers held instructional beliefs aligned with constructivist
philosophy. Some of the preservice teachers’ beliefs were consistent with their practices while some of them presented different
practices from their beliefs in different placements. 相似文献
13.
Leonore Ganschow 《Annals of dyslexia》1984,34(1):271-284
This paper examines spontaneous writing of a college student with a history of language learning problems. Writing samples,
collected from tests and papers in college courses, were analyzed for syntactic complexity, spelling, grammatical errors,
semantic errors, and organization. Metacognitive factors were analyzed by examining student’s responses to questions about
his perceptions about writing. Results showed: (a) the dyslexic student produced syntactically complex structures comparable
to nondyslexic writers; (b) the student averaged 9% spelling errors per essay and 17 grammatical errors per essay; (c) primary
semantic errors were inappropriate word choices, incorrect determiners, and overuse of “so” as a transition; (d) major problem
with organization involved difficulties with expanding an idea beyond “saying the same thing in a different way;” (e) metacognitive
strategies included difficulties with separating self from writing and recognizing ambiguity in writing. The paper then describes
six instructional strategies to assist in remediation of the student’s writing problems.
Paper presented at the Second Miami University Sentence Combining Conference, October, 1983. 相似文献
14.
In this contribution we describe a short development course for in-service physics teachers. The course structure and materials
are based on the results of educational research, and its main objective is to provide in-service teachers with a first contact
with the active learning strategy “Tutorials in Introductory Physics,” developed by the Physics Education Research Group at
the University of Washington. The course was organized in a constructivist, active learning environment, so that teachers
have first to experience, as regular students, the whole Tutorial sequence of activities: Tutorial pre-test, Tutorial, and
Tutorial Homework. After each Tutorial, teachers reflect on, and recognize their own students’ learning difficulties, discussing
their teaching experiences with their colleagues in small collaborative groups first and the whole class later. Finally they
read and discuss specific Physics Education Research literature, where these learning difficulties have been extensively studied
by researchers. At the beginning and at the end of the course the participants were given the conceptual multiple-choice test
Force Concept Inventory (FCI). The pre-/post-instruction FCI data were presented as a practical example of the use of a research-based
test widely used in educational research and in formative assessment processes designed to improve instruction. 相似文献
15.
Phil Cormack 《The Australian Educational Researcher》2011,38(2):133-148
This paper examines the report of the Inquiry into the Teaching of Literacy (Department of Education, Science & Training (DEST) 2005) and explores the claims it makes about reading pedagogy and the centrality of particular “methods” or “approaches” to teaching
backed by “scientific” evidence. Discourse analysis of the report shows that its logics allow only certain kinds of evidence
to count in policy, and that it reduces difficult social and political issues to questions of technique. This allows the report
to recommend an approach whereby qualitative insights and practitioners’ experience can be bypassed through valorising methods
developed and verified by scientific researchers. The report’s claims are considered genealogically in the light of historical
cases from the early nineteenth century, where educational reformers struggled with the issue of how to educate the children
of the poor. In one, the monitorial system promoted by Lancaster in England, there was a focus on reading which made teachers
or monitors artefacts of a standardised method. By way of contrast, in Scotland, a classroom approach developed by Stow (1854) made the teacher central to the process, as someone who sensitively interpreted and extended students’ experiences with
texts. Stow’s approach would form the model for the modern classroom in compulsory state schooling, while the monitorial system
would eventually be abandoned as ineffective. The historical cases demonstrate the dangers of approaches to policy that fail
to account for the complex interplay between teacher, student and text in the reading lesson. 相似文献
16.
Gerald Wangenge-Ouma 《Higher Education》2012,64(6):831-844
The funding of higher education in South Africa has in the recent past been a subject of animated debate. This debate has ranged from the adequacy of government funding of higher education, the suitability of the funding framework, to protestations against frequent tuition fee increases. At present, the debate is mainly about “free” higher education. Unlike most African countries, South Africa has an established history of cost sharing. But, for a while now, students, especially Black students, have been demanding tuition free higher education even though the country has a student financial aid scheme to support talented but poor students. The demands for tuition free higher education suggest, among others, the possible existence of financial barriers to higher educational opportunities. This paper is a sequel to the debate on free higher education in South Africa. It seeks, in the main, to understand and examine the rationale and drivers for the students’ demand for “free” higher education. What are the financial barriers to higher educational opportunities that the current funding architecture has failed to address? Secondly, why are students demanding free higher education when there is a scheme to support talented but poor students? Is cost sharing inconsistent with the country’s post-apartheid transformation policy in higher education? Finally, is “free” higher education the panacea to the access and participation challenges facing Black students? 相似文献
17.
Kyle L. Peck 《TechTrends》1998,43(2):47-53
Conclusion I applaud ISTE, AASL, AECT, and the other organizations involved for tackling the “messy work” of developing standards for
the use of technology and information resources in schools. And, at the same time, I call for a “second generation” of standards
that define realistic expectations for teachers based on the subjects and levels they are called upon to teach. I propose
that professional organizations from each subject work with ISTE and AECT to complete this huge task, and I propose that we
consider as a “next step” the creation of a set of on-line learning experiences through which teachers can gain the identified
skills and knowledge by using the very technologies we’re hoping they’ll embrace in their own teaching.
There’s an old saying, “If you don’t know where you’re going, any road will do.” As far as educational technologies are concerned,
this is also true. For many, the goal seems to have been simply to “get more computers into the schools,” without much thought
about purpose. To return to Phil Schlechty’s metaphor, It’s generally been a brief and misguided “Ready” stage (occupied with
questions like “How many do we need?” “What type?” “Where?” and “How shall we connect them?”), followed by “Fire!” (the acquisition
and installation of equipment). What we need is: “Ready” (the creation of appropriate teams of people who will combine their
insights to plan for the district)... “Aim” (a series of discussions about what technologies can accomplish for schools and
the students they serve)... “Fire” (acquisition, installation, and professional development according to plan)... “Aim” (an
assessment of how well the technologies and related programs met the intended goals, and a new planning effort designed to
close the gap)... “Fire” (acquisition and implementation designed to eliminate the gap)... “Aim” (another gap assessment)...
“Fire” (another attempt to close gaps)..., And so on. 相似文献
18.
Sharon E. Nichols Deborah Tippins Katherine Wieseman 《Research in Science Education》1997,27(2):175-194
The purpose of this paper is to describe various “tools” we use to facilitate critical reflection as we teach prospective
science teachers. The notion of “tools” refers to materials and experiences used to facilitate prospective teachers’ critical
reflection on science teaching and learning. Reflective tools are not intrusive devices used by instructors to analyse mechanically
what prospective teachers are learning; rather, these tools are intended to provide prospective teachers with the means to
generate and critique their own views of science teaching and learning. Each tool is described herein with respect to its
potential use and the way in which it is introduced to prospective science teachers. We conclude with discussion of the potential
for reflective tools to contribute to research on reform of science teacher education, with particular attention to primary
teacher preparation. 相似文献
19.
Duck-Joo Kwak 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2008,9(2):127-135
The contemporary educational discourse on critical thinking, as one of the primary aims of education. has been divided into
the spheres of modernist defense and post-modernist criticism. Critical of both positions, this paper attempts to find a new
way of employing critical thinking, especially for the purposes of moral education, by drawing on Bernard William’s concept
of “ethical reflection.” It will be shown that employing critical thinking for the fostering of ethical reflection in our
young students can lead them into an “understanding” of ethical, rather than “ethical knowledge,” which enables them to properly
deal with moral relativism in a culturally pluralistic society. This paper then explores the educational possibilities presented
by Socrates’ teaching method as an example of this employment, though not without consideration of the attendant educational
limitations and dangers. 相似文献
20.
Listening to students in productive ways seems to be at the core of teaching practices aligned with the basic tenets of the
constructivist world view. We present a definition for productive ways of listening, discuss the challenges involved in implementing
it, and propose a way to support the “decentering” needed to learning to listen for teacher education programs. The proposal
is based on reading and understanding historical texts as a way to exercising the adoption of the ‘other’s perspective.’ We
describe the materials developed for teacher workshops, their implementation and what participants, and we, learned from the
experience. 相似文献