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中国煤层气资源与可持续发展战略 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
中国既是煤炭生产消费大国，又是煤层气资源丰富的国家。据统计，我国煤层气资源储量和开采储量分别为15.9×1012m3，居世界第三位，煤层气的开发利用潜力十分巨大。开发利用煤层气有益，随意排放则十分有害。虽然我们已认识到开发煤层气的重要性，但我国煤层气利用率仍很低，每年有360×108m3的煤层气排放到大气中，回收利用率仅为1.56%；中国和美国煤层气资源量相当，但是，我国煤层气产量仅为美国同期产量的1.6%，我国煤层气在勘探、开发和商业化经营方面，与世界发达国家相比还有一定差距。如何充分利用我国巨大的煤层气资源，从根本上解决能源短缺问题，是新时期摆在我们面前的一个新课题。作者认为煤层气资源作为清洁环保的新型能源，合理的开发利用，可以改变不合理的能源结构，减少大气污染，保护人类健康和赖以生存的环境；先开采煤层气，后开采煤炭，可以从根本上避免煤矿瓦斯爆炸。从21世纪可持续发展观点出发，借助“西气东输”的契机，应加强对含煤盆地地质构造的研究，建立适合中国煤层气开发模式，继续加强国际间合作，扩大煤层气勘探范围，加大煤层气的科技投入，使煤层气资源为我国的现代化建设发挥更大的作用。 相似文献
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自然湿地甲烷排放时空变化规律研究（英文） 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对三江平原沼泽湿地甲烷排放时空变化规律及其影响因素进行了研究。自然湿地甲烷排放存在着明显的季节性变化，即随着植物生长甲烷排放量不断增加，在8月未达到最大值，而后下降。这一变化特点主要受温度和沼泽静水层深度所控制。春季低温不仅直接降低了甲烷的产生强度，而且也降低了其它好氧微生物的活性，使得沼泽水中存留较多的氧气，这些氧气直接加速了沼泽水中甲烷氧化，同时又提高了沼泽水的氧化还原电位，后者反过来进一步减缓甲烷的产生。三江平原不同植被生长的沼泽甲烷排放通量呈如下特点：毛果苔草>乌拉苔草>小叶章。莎草科植物生长的沼泽中，72-86%的甲烷通过植物排放进入大气，而小叶章生长的沼泽只有28-31%。毛果苔草促进了沼泽水中甲烷的氧化而不是产生，相反小叶章通过释放根系分泌物刺激甲烷产生的能力大于分泌氧气促进甲烷氧化的能力。毛果苔草沼泽水中更高的甲烷浓度是由于深的静水层淹没更多的植物立枯，从而为产甲烷菌提供充足的底物所致。 相似文献
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Hao Gao Cong Liu Andreas Hermann Richard J Needs Chris J Pickard Hui-Tian Wang Dingyu Xing Jian Sun 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(10):1540
Helium and methane are major components of giant icy planets and are abundant in the universe. However, helium is the most inert element in the periodic table and methane is one of the most hydrophobic molecules, thus whether they can react with each other is of fundamental importance. Here, our crystal structure searches and first-principles calculations predict that a He3CH4 compound is stable over a wide range of pressures from 55 to 155 GPa and a HeCH4 compound becomes stable around 105 GPa. As nice examples of pure van der Waals crystals, the insertion of helium atoms changes the original packing of pure methane molecules and also largely hinders the polymerization of methane at higher pressures. After analyzing the diffusive properties during the melting of He3CH4 at high pressure and high temperature, in addition to a plastic methane phase, we have discovered an unusual phase which exhibits coexistence of diffusive helium and plastic methane. In addition, the range of the diffusive behavior within the helium-methane phase diagram is found to be much narrower compared to that of previously predicted helium-water compounds. This may be due to the weaker van der Waals interactions between methane molecules compared to those in helium-water compounds, and that the helium-methane compound melts more easily. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2010,24(1):6-6
A long-term field observation by CAS scientists indicates that meadows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau emit methane, a powerful greenhouse gas, adding weight to the argument that the living plant is a producer of methane under aerobic conditions. 相似文献
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地下水动力条件是制约煤层气成藏及煤层气地球化学特性的重要因素。研究表明,当系统内外水动力能平衡时,地下水对煤层气表现为封闭;当系统内水动力能强于系统外水动力能时,地下水对煤层气表现为运移逸散且导致煤层气甲烷碳同位素变轻;当系统内水动力能弱于系统外水动力能时,地下水对煤层气表现为封堵。认为向斜或单斜内,煤层气系统外水动力能强于煤层气系统内或系统内外水动力平衡区域均有利于煤层气成藏,适合进行煤层气勘探开发。 相似文献
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BackgroundBiohydrogen effluent contains a high concentration of volatile fatty acid (VFA) mainly as butyric, acetic, lactic and propionic acids. The presence of various VFAs (mixture VFAs) and their cooperative effects on two-stage biohythane production need to be further studied. The effect of VFA concentrations in biohydrogen effluent of palm oil mill effluent (POME) on methane yield in methane stage of biohythane production was investigated.ResultsThe methane yield obtained in low VFA loading (0.9 and 1.8 g/L) was 15–20% times greater than that of high VFA loading (3.6 and 4.7 g/L). Butyric acid at high concentrations (8 g/L) has the individual significantly negative effect the methane production process (P < 0.05). Lactic, acetic and butyric acid mixed with propionic acid at a concentration higher than 0.5 g/L has an interaction significantly negative effect on the methanogenesis process (P < 0.05). Inhibition condition had a negative effect on both bacteria and archaea with inhibited on Geobacillus sp., Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum, Methanoculleus thermophilus and Methanothermobacter delfuvii resulting in low methane yield.ConclusionPreventing the high concentration of butyric acid, and propionic acid in the hydrogenic effluent could enhance methane production in two-stage anaerobic digestion for biohythane production. 相似文献
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文中试图以不同施氮处理下稻田温室气体排放的时空差异性为依据 ,为精准施肥提供环境方面的信息。通过实验观测 ,研究了不同施氮处理条件下 ,稻田温室气体CH4和N2 O日排放的差异性。施氮量不同的小区 ,CH4排放强度有很大差异 ,最大差值为 1 5 8mg·m- 2 h- 1 ,CH4排放强度随着施氮量的增加而减少 (R =0 88)。甲烷排放的日变化幅度也较大 ,在 1～ 6 6倍左右。在不同施氮水平下 ,N2 O则随着施氮量的增加 ,排放通量逐渐减少。如果以观测的温室气体排放强度变化为基础 ,同时考虑粮食产量的变化规律 ,施氮量为 2 70kg·hm- 2 时 ,温室气体排放量较低。实际上 ,精准施肥需要考虑诸多因素如土壤的理化性质、水稻不同生长季节的养分需求等等 相似文献
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中国煤层气产业系统动态预测及政策模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
煤层气产业为复杂社会经济系统,通过系统分析确定了煤层气产业的社会经济、市场、政策、资源环境及煤层气产业五个子系统,在此基础上建立中国煤层气产业系统动力学模型。分析了模型的合理性．并对社会经济环境变化、国家政策的变化、投资方式的变化、国家能源市场控制的变化等几个主要方面进行预测分析,并对降低单位国民经济产值能耗的变化、改变煤层气定价方式、调整国家煤层气价格补贴等方面提出政策建议。结果表明该模型设计较为合理,能够较为系统的模拟煤层气产业发展中的基本状况。对于预测煤层气产业的动态预测及政策建议有意义。 相似文献
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BackgroundThe amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) gradually increased along with the rapid development of modern cities. A large amount of landfill leachate are generated with excessive chemical oxygen demand (COD), which create a great deal of pressure on the environment-friendly treatment process. Anaerobic digestion is an ideal technique to solve the above problem.ResultsA thermophilic granular sludge was successfully adapted for anaerobic digestion of MSW leachate (from an aging large-scale landfill) for methane production. The COD degradation efficiency improved by 81.8%, while the methane production rate reached 117.3 mL CH4/(g VS d), which was 2.34-fold more than the control condition. The bacterial and archaeal communities involved in the process were revealed by 16S rRNA gene high-throughput pyrosequencing. The richness of the bacterial community decreased in the process of thermophilic granular sludge, while the archaeal community structure presented a reverse phenomenon. The bacterial genus, Methanosaeta was the most abundant during the mesophilic process, while Methanobacterium, Methanoculleus, Methanosaeta and Methanosarcina were more evenly distributed. The more balanced community distribution between hydrogenotrophic and acetotrophic methanogens implied a closer interaction between the microbes, which further contributed to higher methane productivity. The detailed relationship between the key functional communities and anaerobic digestion performances were demonstrated via the multivariate canonical correspondence analysis.ConclusionsWith the assistance of adaptive thermophilic granular sludge, microbial community structure was more evenly distributed, while both of COD degradation rate and methane production was improved during anaerobic digestion of MSW landfill leachate.How to cite: Feng S, Hou S, Huang X, et al. Insights into the microbial community structure of anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste landfill leachate for methane production by adaptive thermophilic granular sludge. Electron J Biotechnol 2019;39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2019.04.001. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2010,24(1):13-14
Rice-based ecosystems and natural wetlands are important sources of atmospheric methane （CH4） and nitrous oxide （N2O）, two kinds of greenhouse gases that are continuously increasing. 相似文献
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实验研究表明 ,表面活性剂胶束溶液可加快水合物的形成和提高水合物的储气质量。在水合物形成体系实验中 ,添加了阴离子表面活性剂 (十二烷基硫酸钠 ) .结果发现 ,合成天然气 (甲烷、乙烷和丙烷的摩尔分数分别为 92 .0 5 %、4.96%和 2 .99% )在无搅拌 (即静止 )的系统中可快速形成 ,而且极大地提高了水合物的储气能力。对水合物储气而言 ,十二烷基硫酸钠溶液的浓度存在一个最佳值 ,使水合物的储气量达到最大值 相似文献
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The flame temperatures of mixtures of hydrogen, or methane, or carbon monoxide containing various amounts of nitrogen and carbon dioxide, with air, have been determined. The flame temperatures of a number of complex mixtures of combustible gases and industrial gases have also been determined. A method of calculating the maximum flame temperature of any mixed gas is described. Good agreement is found between the calculated and determined temperatures of the gases used in this investigation. 相似文献
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放牧对温带典型草原含碳温室气体CO2、CH4通量特征的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
利用静态暗箱法于2001年～2003年对内蒙古羊草和大针茅围栏禁牧草原及其放牧草原主要含碳温贩室气体CO2、CH4通量进行了野外连续定位试验研究,结果表明:与对照围栏禁牧草原相比,自由放牧和轮牧均没有改变土壤与大气间原有的CO2、CH4气体通量的源汇方向,也没有改变土壤通量的季节变化形式;2001年～2003年不同统计时段羊草围栏禁牧草原土壤平均CO2通量比羊草轮牧草原高9.6%～67.7%,大针茅围栏禁牧草原也比对应自由放牧草原CO2通量高约22.7%～59.4%,而在植物非生长季,自由放牧草原(或轮牧草原)土壤呼吸同对应的围栏禁牧草原相差不大;大针茅自由放牧草原和羊草轮牧草原土壤对CH4的年平均吸收通量均低于对应的围栏禁牧草原,放牧减弱了草原土壤对CH4的氧化吸收作用,但羊草轮牧和大针茅自由放牧草原与对应围栏禁牧草地土壤CH4平均通量的差异均未达到O.05的显著性水平,研究时段的干旱气候弱化了放牧草原与围栏禁牧草原间的差异;在植物生长季,放牧促进了土壤对CH4的氧化吸收,而在非生长季的部分时段尤其是春季冻融期又加大了CH4的正排放,放牧增加了土壤CH4通量的年变幅. 相似文献
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沼液高值化利用研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
结合国内外研究进展,从沼液高值化利用的角度出发,先后介绍了鸟粪石结晶法、膜生物反应器在沼液高值化利用方面的研究进展和存在问题,最后,提出实行集中托管运行管理模式,探索沼气工程运营机制和沼气产品经济合理利用方式及其组合,是今后沼液高值化利用的方向。 相似文献
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填埋气体中的甲烷含量较高,且具有较高的热值,是一种利用价值较高的清洁燃料。如产量较大,加以回收利用,既可以达到温室气体减排目的,又可减缓社会能源需求压力。采用改进的层次分析法(AHP)从经济、技术、环境和社会四个方面建立了一整套评选指标系统,并以三个填埋场为实例,为填埋场选取合适的气体处置方法起到一定的指导作用。 相似文献