共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
INTRODUCTIONTheimportanceofmicroorganismstosoilfer tilityandsoilqualityhasbeencommonlyaccept ed (Smithetal.,1 990 ;Brookes,1 995;Da lal,1 998;Wicketal.,1 998) .Soilmicrobialbiomassasanimportantmicrobialpropertyhasbeenextensivelystudiedsinceitisthelivingco… 相似文献
2.
Eleven red soils varying in land use and fertility status were used to examine the effect of land use on microbial biomass-C,-N
and-P. Microbial biomass-C in the red soils ranged from about 68 mg C/kg to 225 mg C/kg, which is generally lower than that
reported from other types of soil, probably because of low organic matter and high acidity in the red soils. Land use had
considerable effects on the amounts of soilC
mic. TheC
mic was the lowest in eroded fallow land, followed by woodland, tea garden, citrus grove and fallow grassland, and the highest
in vegetable and paddy fields. There was significant correlation betweenC
mic and organic matter content, suggesting that the influence of land use onC
mic is mainly related to the input and accumulation of organic matter. Microbial biomass-N in the soils ranged from 12.1 Nmg/kg
to 31.7 Nmg/kg and was also affected by land use. The change ofN
mic with land use was similar to that ofC
mic. The microbial C/N ratio ranged from 5.2 to 9.9 and averaged 7.6. TheN
mic was significantly correlated with soil total N and available N. Microbial biomass-P in the soils ranged from 4.5 mg P/kg
to 52.3 mg P/kg. The microbial C/P ratio was in the range of 4–23. TheP
mic was relatively less affected by land use due to differences in fertilization practices for various land use systems.
Project (No. 40025104) supported by National Outstanding Youth Foundation of China 相似文献
3.
A method was proposed to determine boron trifluoride in boron trifluoride complex using fluoride ion selective electrode(ISE). Hydroxide was chosen to mask aluminum for the determination of 0.01—0.1 mol/L of fluoride. The simulation indicated that the permissible aluminum masked at a certain p H value was limited and hardly related to F-concentration and boric acid. It is better to control p H value below 11.5 and the aluminum concentration within 0.025 mol/L to minimize the interference of hydroxide to the fluoride ISE. The decomposition conditions of boron trifluoride by aluminum chloride were investigated. It is found that the F-detection ratio will approach 1.0 if the Al/F molar ratio is 0.3—0.7 and aluminum concentration is no more than 0.02 mol/L when heated at 80 ℃ for 10 min. In one word, hydroxide is quite fit to mask aluminum for samples which contain high content of fluoride and aluminum and the BF3 content can be successfully determined by this method. 相似文献
4.
黄金萍 《绵阳师范高等专科学校学报》2014,(8):117-119
通过对武夷山进行实地考察,选取了竹林（坳头）,杉木林（桐木关西侧）,茶园（挂墩）3个不同土地利用方式下的土壤剖面,并通过室内理化分析实验,测定剖面土壤的有机质总量、全氮含量及其机械组成,研究土地利用方式对其土壤养分的影响.通过实地考察和室内理化分析实验,得到以下主要结论：（1）竹林、杉木林和茶园的土壤机械组成以壤质土为主;（2）茶园、杉木林、竹林的土壤黏粒含量差别不大;（3）在A层中,不同土地利用方式下土壤有机质含量大小顺序为竹林〉茶园〉杉木林;而在B层中,土壤有机含量大小顺序为竹林〉杉木林〉茶园;（4）在A层中,不同土地利用下土壤全氮含量大小顺序为竹林〉茶园〉杉木林;而在B层中,土壤全氮含量大小顺序为竹林〉杉木林〉茶园;（5）土地利用方式影响着土壤的养分含量,不同的土地利用对土壤养分有着不同的影响. 相似文献
5.
Tea is one of the most popular beverages, consumed by over two thirds of the world's population; but the aluminum accumulation property of tea plant is becoming the focus of many researches because of aluminum's known adverse effect on human health. Investigation of the interactions of catechins with Al3 showed that during the interaction of catechins with Al3 , the UV-vis spectrum of catechins was changed. Absorption of EGCG at 274 nm decreased and increased at 322 nm; EC and C's at 278 nm changed little. The ratio of Al3 to EGCG was 1:1 in pH 5.0 buffer solution; in pH 6.2 buffer solution, the ratio in the Al-EGCG complex was 1:1. Interestingly, while the ratio reached to over 2, after the complex of Al-EGCG started polymerization, the ratio in the polymer was 2:1. In pH 6.2 buffer solution, the complex behavior of C with Al3 was the same as that of EGCG, with a little difference for EC. When the ratio of Al3 to EC was <1, the complex in ratio was 1:2, but, the complex polymerized when the ratio of Al3 to EC was >1. It was found that the ratio of Al3 to EC in the polymer was 1:1. Polymerization of Al-catechin complexes might reduce aluminum absorption in the intestine. Kow value was also employed to study the properties of aluminum species in tea infusion (at gastric and intestine pH condition) and the effect of catechins and tea polyphenols on Kow in buffer solution. Results showed that Kow value rose much higher at the intestine pH than at the gastric pH. Tea polyphenols and catechins could greatly reduce aluminum Kow value in acetic buffer, indicating that these compounds may reduce aluminum absorption during tea intake. 相似文献
6.
Xian-you CHEN Liang-huan WU Xiao-chuang CAO Yuan-hong ZHU 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2013,14(4):259-269
Objective:To investigate the amounts of extractable organic nitrogen(EON),and the relationships between EON and total extractable nitrogen(TEN),especially the amino acids(AAs) adsorbed by soils,and a series of other hydrolyzed soil nitrogen indices in typical land use soil types from southeast China.Under traditional agricultural planting conditions,the functions of EON,especially AAs in the rhizosphere and in bulk soil zones were also investigated.Methods:Pot experiments were conducted using plants of pakchoi(Brassica chinensis L.) and rice(Oryza sativa L.).In the rhizosphere and bulk soil zone studies,organic nitrogen components were extracted with either distilled water,0.5 mol/L K2SO4or acid hydrolysis.Results:K2SO4-EON constituted more than 30% of TEN pools.K2SO4-extractable AAs accounted for 25% of EON pools and nearly 10% of TEN pools in rhizosphere soils.Overall,both K2SO4-EON and extractable AAs contents had positive correlations with TEN pools.Conclusions:EON represented a major component of TEN pools in garden and paddy soils under traditional planting conditions.Although only a small proportion of the EON was present in the form of water-extractable and K2SO4-extractable AAs,the release of AAs from soil exchangeable sites might be an important source of organic nitrogen(N) for plant growth.Our findings suggest that the content of most organic forms of N was significantly greater in rhizosphere than in bulk soil zone samples.However,it was also apparent that the TEN pool content was lower in rhizosphere than in bulk soil samples without added N. 相似文献
7.
The effect of Al and Cd on the growth, photosynthesis, and accumulation of Al, Cd and plant nutrients in two soybean genotypes were determined using hydroponic culture. There were six treatments: pH 6.5; pH 4.0; pH 6.5 1.0 μmol/L Cd; pH 4.0 1.0 μmol/L Cd; pH 4.0 150 μmol/L Al; pH 4.0 1.0 μmol/L Cd 150 μmol/L Al. The low pH (4.0) and Al treatments caused marked reduction in root length, shoot height, dry weight, chlorophyll content (SPAD value) and photosynthetic rate. Al-sensitive cv. Zhechun 2 accumulated comparatively more Al and Cd in plants than Al-tolerant cv. Liao 1. Compared with pH 6.5, pH 4.0 resulted in significant increase in Cd and Al concentration in plants. Combined application of Cd and Al enhanced their accu-mulation in roots, but caused a reduction in shoots. The concentrations of all 10 nutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B), except Mo were also increased when plants were exposed to pH lower than pH 6.5. Al addition caused a reduction in the con-centration of most nutrients in plant roots and shoots; but K, Mn and Zn in roots were increased. Treatments with Cd alone or together with Al reduced the concentrations of all the plant nutrients in plants. Al-sensitive genotype Zhechun 2 has lower nutrient concentration than Al-tolerant genotype Liao 1. The current findings imply that Al and Cd are synergistic in their effect on plant growth, physiological traits and nutrient uptake. 相似文献
8.
9.
研究了溴化十六烷基吡啶存在下硫酸铵—碘化钾—结晶紫体系浮选分离铋的行为及其与常见离子分离的条件.结果表明,在O.5mL溴化十六烷基吡啶(10g/L)存在下,当固体(NH_4)_2SO_4、碘化钾溶液(0.1mol/L)和结晶紫溶液(0.001mol/L)的用量分别为1.0g、1.0mL、1. 0mL时,控制pH值为7.0,Bi~(3+)可被该体系浮选,而常见离子Zn~(2+)、Fe~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Al~(3+)不被浮选,据此实现了Bi~(3+)与这些离子的定量分离,对合成水样进行了定量浮选分离测定,结果满意。 相似文献
10.
目的:探究镧对大豆铝胁迫的缓解效应;方法:以铝敏感大豆BD2为材料,进行50μmol/L铝胁迫处理,然后添加不同浓度氯化镧(10、100和1000 mg L/L)测定大豆幼苗抗氧化及光合指标;结果:与对照组相比较,铝胁迫导致大豆幼苗根系伸长率、根冠比、鲜重及干重显著降低,叶片SOD、POD活性显著降低,且MDA含量显著升高,叶绿素与类胡萝卜素含量、光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度及胞间CO_2浓度也均显著下降;而与铝胁迫处理相比,不同浓度镧处理对大豆幼苗根长、鲜重与干重、SOD与POD活性有不同程度地促进作用,并显著降低MDA含量,同时提高叶绿素与类胡萝卜素含量,增强光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO_2浓度,其中以10 mg/L镧处理效果最好;结论:适宜浓度的镧处理能够通过增强大豆幼苗的抗氧化能力,提高其光合性能,提高大豆幼苗对铝胁迫的适应能力,有效缓解铝对大豆幼苗生长的毒害。 相似文献
11.
李孝良 《安徽科技学院学报》1999,(1)
水稻土对磷的吸附曲线与简单Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ等温吸附方程基本吻合,土壤对磷的吸附及解吸能力主要受土壤物理性粘粒含量及土壤活性铁、活性铝含量的影响,而与土壤本身有效磷含量无关。同一种水稻土随吸附磷量的增加,其解吸率有增加的趋势 相似文献
12.
Klarien Elisabeth Klingen Jan De Graaff Maria Izabel Vieira Botelho Aad Kessler 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(2):175-189
Abstract Purpose: Why do farmers not take better care of their soils? This article aims to give insight into how farmers look at soil quality management. Design/methodology/approach: It analyses diverse land management practices and visions on soils and soil quality of ten agroecological and 14 conventional smallholder farmers in Araponga, Minas Gerais, Brazil. As agroecological farming (that is, managing soils with minimum use of external inputs) requires more complex knowledge, it is assumed that agroecological farmers would be more knowledgeable on soils compared to conventional farmers. This case study tests the hypothesis that differences in land management practices between agroecological and conventional farmers can be explained by differences in their knowledge on soils. Findings: The hypothesis turned out to be faulty: agroecological and conventional farmers do not differ in what they know about soils, but how they use their knowledge in their farming strategy. Both groups of farmers have different but rational farming strategies. Practical implications: Designing policies and measures to make farming more environmentally friendly and more sustainable as two-way knowledge exchange between farmers and science (and not as one-way knowledge transfer from science to farmers), to benefit from vital and context-based farmers’ knowledge and to ensure successful implementation of more sustainable land management practices. Originality/value: By analysing farmers’ visions on soil quality management and farming strategies, this study shows that farmers’ knowledge is valuable for farmers, for scientific knowledge on soil quality management and for policies which are to be effective and adapted to the local environment. 相似文献
13.
为了开发利用塔里木沙漠公路沿线的地上咸水,在塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘开展了不同灌溉周期试验.在流动风沙土和荒漠林土两种类型的土壤上,各设计5d、10d、15d、30d 4个灌溉周期,灌溉水均为28 g/L的地下水,灌水定额相同,均为1250 m3/hm2,研究在不同类型土壤上灌溉周期对土壤水盐变化的影响.结果表明:随着灌溉周期的增长,土壤水分明显减少;不同的灌溉周期,灌溉周期短的样地表层土壤电导率高于其它样地,但土体中层电导率低于其它样地,原因是较多的灌水把盐分向下层淋洗. 相似文献
14.
黄西朝 《渭南师范学院学报》2012,(6):61-63
报道了一种以乙基紫为定域体试剂、溶胶一凝胶法制备的碘离子电极,该电极的线性范围为9．0×10^-7moL／L-1．0×10^-7mol／L,平均斜率为58．4mV／decade,检测下限为7．6×10^-7mol／L,适宜pH范围为3．1-11．5． 相似文献
15.
以碳酸氢铵为沉淀剂,采用化学共沉淀法合成出多晶Nd：YAG纳米陶瓷粉体．采用XRD,SEM,BET等测试手段对粉体的相组成和微观结构进行表征,研究了煅烧温度、反应温度、Al（NO3）3浓度对粉体形貌、粒径以及分散性的影响．结果表明：前驱体在900℃煅烧2h直接生成Nd：YAG,并且随着煅烧温度的升高,粉体粒径逐渐变大,1100℃时煅烧所得粉体的平均粒径约为70nm．反应温度为30～40℃、硝酸铝溶液浓度为0．1～0．2mol／L时,所得粉体为球形或类球形,分散性最佳． 相似文献
16.
沿海经济发达区城镇非农建设用地可持续发展研究--以福建省晋江市为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
“晋江模式”是我国典型的农村城市化模式之一。本基于TM遥感图像解译的1985年和2000年两期土地利用现状图,借助ArcGIS8．2软件和统计分析技术,叠加晋江市政区图,提取土地利用变化信息,并结合采用1990、1995—2001年土地利用变更资料和相应的社会经济统计资料,分析了以乡镇企业发展和农村剩余劳动力转移为主要动力的“自生”式农村城市化进程中的土地利用变化模式。结果表明：非农建设用地迅速扩展并呈大分散小集聚的空间均衡布局,土地利用方式多元化,土地利用效率得到提高,但生态环境受到严重破坏;培育中心城市、加强城镇体系规划,工业向因区集中,提高土地生态环境保护,为该模式下实现土地可持续利用的对策。 相似文献
17.
以LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4作为锂离子电池的正极材料,用电化学手段考察了其电池的电化学性能与电解液组成的关系,研究发现混合电解液的放电容量的顺序为EC DEC(1:1)>EC DMC(1:1)>EC DEC(3:2)>EC DEC(2:3)>EC PC(1:1),从而为LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4作为锂离子电池的正极材料选择了较理想的混合电解液。 相似文献
18.
采用去离子水浸提茶园土壤、松林土壤、空荒地土壤,获提取液,用浸提液处理白菜种子,进行土壤酶活力测定及白菜种子萌发实验,结果表明土壤酶活力与土壤类型相关,松林土壤提取液和茶园土壤提取液对白菜种子发芽有显著的抑制作用;山地土壤植茶后,随着植茶年限的增加,茶园土壤pH有酸化趋势,取植茶龄不同茶园土壤,测定pH,用去离子水浸提处理白菜种子,萌发实验结果显示,影响种子萌发的化感物质在不同pH值土壤中的浸出率不同,在pH值4.5-5.0之间化感物质浸出率高,随着pH值的上升或下降,化感物质浸出率有一定幅度的变化. 相似文献
19.
为了探讨柠檬酸和草酸对茶园土壤中铅的化学形态的影响,采集无污染茶园土壤,喷施180mg/kg的硝酸铅,平衡后再添加不同浓度的柠檬酸或者草酸,分析土壤中水溶性铅和交换态铅含量的变化.结果表明,一定浓度的柠檬酸或者草酸对于土壤中水溶态铅和交换态铅的含量有降低作用,其效果与酸的类型和浓度有关.草酸对于土壤中有效性形态铅的降低作用优于柠檬酸,输入酸对于水溶态铅的降低作用强于对交换态铅的降低.当酸浓度达到0.2mmol/kg时,其降低作用最佳,之后随着输入酸浓度的升高,反而会增加土壤中有效性形态铅的含量. 相似文献
20.
目的:探讨硫化氢(H2S)对兔离体心脏心率的影响.方法:用标准微电极细胞内记录技术,观测硫化氢对兔右心房心肌细胞动作电位频率的影响.观测指标:自发放电频率(rate of pacemaker firing,RPF).结果:(1) 用200μmol/LNaHS 灌流时,和正常对照组相比,RPF显著减小(P<0.01).(2) 400μmol/L NaHS与对照组比较, RPF显著减小(P<0.01).和200μmol/LNaHS相比,RPF显著减小(P<0.01).(3)以上使RPF减小的效应在NaHS灌流3～5min出现,10min时已经有显著减小(P<0.01),25～30min达到高峰.结论:H2S可浓度依赖性的影响兔离体心脏的心率. 相似文献