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1.
Students in a first-semester general chemistry course at a large southwestern university completed a 3-week homework assignment using MindTap, a Cengage Learning product. MindTap is the first major electronic system that has homework questions embedded in the text, such that students read a short section of the textbook and then answer a question set. Prior to MindTap, electronic homework systems were stand-alone or contained questions with links to the textbook. Next, students completed two 2-week homework assignments in Online Web Learning (OWL) version 1 also from Cengage Learning. The OWL system shows homework questions with a link to the textbook in a separate window. Both the MindTap and OWL systems contain the same or similar questions. After the students used both homework systems, a survey was given that included Likert-scaled and open-response questions that dealt with students’ perceived level of understanding using the different systems, how easy the systems were to use, and the advantages/disadvantages of each system. A delayed survey was given at the end of the second semester of general chemistry, during which students had used OWL for the complete semester. This paper investigates the effects of the arrangement (embedded vs. linked) on student preferences and perceived learning in this pilot study with a 300-person class. Based on the results of the study, it was found that students perceived that they learn more with MindTap and prefer the embedded text in MindTap over the linked text in OWL. 相似文献
2.
Sanghoon Bae Hunseok Oh Hyunchul Kim Cheolwon Lee Beomho Oh 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2010,11(3):349-361
The purpose of this study was to examine how the implementation of after-school programs in Korea’s public schools is related
to educational equality and private tutoring expenses. The analyzed data was from the Survey on the Status of Private Tutoring
and the Study of the Policy Measures to Reduce Private Tutoring Expenses conducted by KEDI (Korea Education Development Institute)
in (International conference for exploring the ways to activate the after-school program, KEDI, Seoul, 2007). The Chi-square test was employed to investigate (a) the relationship between after-school participation and family income
and residential location of students (b) the association between after-school engagement and the reduction in private tutoring
expenses. The study found that: (a) in general, low-income and rural students participated more than higher income and urban
peers in after-school programs and (b) after-school participation was generally negatively associated with private tutoring
engagement and the impact of after-school participation on the reduction in private tutoring expenses was stronger for low-income
students in elementary and high schools and rural students in high schools. The overall findings provide further research
issue regarding whether after-school programs can help foster educational equality by offering more opportunities for learning
and achievement improvement for disadvantaged students. The results also imply the potential of after-school programs in reducing
private tutoring expenses, particularly for low-income families. 相似文献
3.
J. Patrick Biddix Patricia A. Somers Joseph L. Polman 《Innovative Higher Education》2009,34(3):133-147
Using a case study approach, the authors examine the democratic and civic engagement learning outcomes of a campus protest.
The conceptual framework is built on the ideas outlined in Learning Reconsidered (Keeling 2004) and modeled in its pragmatic follow-up, Learning Reconsidered 2 (Keeling 2006). Results suggest student and campus administrator actions during a campus protest support democratic aims, student development,
and digital age democracy. Recommendations for campus educators are included. This study extends previous discussion on activism’s
journey from detrimental to developmental (Astin 1999; Chambers & Phelps 1993; Hamrick 1998; Hunter 1988) by mapping the learning environment through the interaction of protestor and university and by incorporating new forms of
activism.
J. Patrick Biddix received his Ph.D. in Educational Leadership and Policy Studies with specialization in Higher Education from the University
of Missouri–St. Louis. He is currently Assistant Professor of Higher Education and Research Methodology in the Department
of Curriculum, Leadership, and Technology at Valdosta State University. His primary research interests include college student
uses of technology outside the classroom, career pathways in student affairs, and research methodology.
Patricia A. Somers received her Ph.D. in Educational Administration with specialization in Higher Education from the University of New Orleans.
She is currently an Associate Professor of Higher Education at the University of Texas at Austin. Her primary research interests
include college access, student persistence, student development theory, and two-year colleges.
Joseph L. Polman received his Ph.D. in Learning Sciences from Northwestern University. He is currently an Associate Professor of Educational
Technology in the Division of Teaching and Learning at the University of Missouri–St. Louis. His primary research interests
include inquiry-based learning involving computers and the Internet as tools, viewed from a sociocultural perspective. 相似文献
4.
黄欣 《四川教育学院学报》2011,27(4):99-101
教学相长作为教学活动中所追求的应然目标,其存在的根源具有一定的必然性,以社会学视角探讨教学相长的可能性,可发现课堂、知识和冲突作为教学可以相长的场域、媒介和动力的客观性。 相似文献
5.
In this paper, we consider theories about processes of visual perception and perception-based knowledge representation (VPR)
in order to explain difficulties encountered in figural processing in junior high school geometry tasks. In order to analyze
such difficulties, we take advantage of the following perspectives of VPR: (1) Perceptual organization: Gestalt principles,
(2) recognition: bottom-up and top-down processing; and (3) representation of perception-based knowledge: verbal vs. pictorial
representation, mental images and hierarchical structure of images. Examples given in the paper were mostly taken from Gal's
study (2005) which aimed at identifying and analyzing Problematic Learning Situations (after Gal & Linchevski, 2000) in junior high school geometry classes. Gal's study (2005) suggests that while this theoretical perspective became part of teachers' pedagogic content knowledge, the teachers were
aware of their students' thinking processes and their ability to analyze and cope with their students’ difficulties in geometry
was improved. 相似文献
6.
Evaluating a web based intelligent tutoring system for mathematics at German lower secondary schools
The present study researches the implementation of a web based intelligent tutoring system for mathematics at lower secondary
schools. In recent years, there is growing concern about the worrying situation at German lower secondary schools. Data from
large scale educational assessments in the county of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) show that children at lower secondary schools
have an embarrassing paucity of basic mathematical skills (Leutner et al., Lernstandserhebungen 9. Klasse 2004 in NRW: Erster Kurzbericht zur wissenschaftlichen Begleitung, 2004). In order to improve these basic mathematical skills in lower secondary school children, several schools implemented the
web based intelligent tutoring system eFit. The aim of the present research was to investigate whether eFit constitutes an
effective intervention of this target group. The results show that compared to a non-treatment control group, children in
the eFit group significantly improved their arithmetic performance over a period of 9 months. As will be discussed, the findings
have to be treated with cautions because eFit was specifically designed to alleviate mathematical difficulties and therefore
“trained for the test” whereas traditional mathematics instruction followed the regular curriculum. The implications of this
will be considered in the light of existing theory and research. 相似文献
7.
Magda Rocha 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2012,27(1):77-90
The departing point of this study is the theoretical framework of “Making the Match project” (Evers and Rush in Management
Learning 27:275–299, 1996) about how to develop a common language among stakeholders regarding transferable skills. Thus, the paper examines the impact
of demographic variables (age and gender) and developmental dimensions (Career adaptability and Vocational development) in
the representations of transferable skills construction within a Portuguese sample of first-year college students (Vocational
developmental variables are part of career construction theory; Savickas 2001, 2002, 2005, Journal of Vocational Behavior 75:239–250, 2009), a theoretical framework that significantly supports the notion that the acquisition of transferable skills is one of the
consequences of vocational tasks’ resolution. Results suggested that career adaptability seems to be the most robust predictor
for the transferable skills’ groups advanced by Evers and colleagues, followed by career development, and, finally, age and
gender as a block. Results are discussed in the light of the two aforementioned main frameworks. 相似文献
8.
Developmental dyslexia is associated with functional abnormalities within reading areas of the brain. For some children diagnosed
with dyslexia, phonologically based remediation programs appear to rehabilitate brain function in key reading areas (Shaywitz
et al., Biological Psychiatry 55: 101–110, 2004; Simos et al., Neuroscience 58: 1203–1213, 2002). However, a non-trivial number of children diagnosed with dyslexia fail to respond to these interventions (Torgesen, Learning Disabilities Research & Practice 15: 55–64, 2000). A cross-sectional fMRI study investigating post-treatment effects was conducted in an effort to better understand differences
in brain function between treatment responders and non-responders. Educational testing and brain activation measured after
treatment suggested that the reading intervention used in the present study rehabilitated several basic level reading processes
in all participants diagnosed with dyslexia. However, activation in the left inferior parietal lobe differentiated treatment
responders and non-responders in comparison to non-impaired readers. Children with persistent deficits in single word decoding
(treatment non-responders) demonstrated significantly less activation in the left inferior parietal lobe when compared to
non-impaired readers. 相似文献
9.
The present study aims to analyse the complex relationships between the relevant constructs of students’ demographic background,
perceptions, learning patterns and (proxy measures of) learning outcomes in order to delineate the possible direct, indirect,
or spurious effects among them. The analytical methodology is substantively framed against the studies of Richardson (British
Journal of Educational Psychology 76:867–893, 2006, Higher Education 54:385–416, 2007) that utilised a regression-based methodology to infer the possible causal relationships among the relevant learning constructs.
A composite research instrument, written in Chinese and derived from the Inventory of Learning Styles (ILS) and the Course
Experience Questionnaire (CEQ), was used to collect students’ feedback on their perceptions of the learning environment and
their learning patterns. Valid responses were obtained from 1,572 students studying at six institutions in the post-secondary
education sector in Hong Kong, a new response-context for both the CEQ and the ILS. In adapting the research instruments to
a new Chinese response-context, the findings are generally consistent with those reported in other published works (e.g. no
relationship between students’ demographic background and their satisfaction with the programme, and a significant relationship
between students’ exhibition of undirected learning patterns and low expected performance), but there are also some noteworthy
discrepancies. The findings therefore buttress the confidence with which an ILS-based General Theoretical Model of student
learning, adapted from Richardson (British Journal of Educational Psychology 76:867–893, 2006, Higher Education 54:385–416, 2007), may be used to conceptualise and interpret the dynamics of variation across different cultural response-contexts. While
the CEQ provides some valuable complementary insights, it is an instrument that requires further development in the response-context
of the present study. 相似文献
10.
11.
Ido Roll Vincent Aleven Bruce M. McLaren Kenneth R. Koedinger 《Metacognition and Learning》2007,2(2-3):125-140
Intelligent Tutoring Systems have been shown to be very effective in supporting learning in domains such as mathematics, physics,
computer programming, etc. However, they are yet to achieve similar success in tutoring metacognition. While an increasing
number of educational technology systems support productive metacognitive behavior within the scope of the system, few attempt
to teach skills students need to become better future learners. To that end, we offer a set of empirically-based design principles
for metacognitive tutoring. Our starting point is a set of design principles put forward by Anderson et al. (Journal of the Learning Sciences, 4:167–207, 1995) regarding Cognitive Tutors, a family of Intelligent Tutoring Systems. We evaluate the relevance of these
principles to the tutoring of help-seeking skills, based on our ongoing empirical work with the Help Tutor. This auxiliary
tutor agent is designed to help students learn to make effective use of the help facilities offered by a Cognitive Tutor.
While most of Anderson’s principles are relevant to the tutoring of help seeking, a number of differences emerge as a result
of the nature of metacognitive knowledge and of the need to combine metacognitive and domain-level tutoring. We compare our
approach to other metacognitive tutoring systems, and, where appropriate, propose new guidelines to promote the discussion
regarding the nature and design of metacognitive tutoring within scaffolded problem-solving environments. 相似文献
12.
Douglas Hamblin 《Pastoral Care in Education》2013,31(4):3-5
Chris Watkins was a member of the first NAPCE executive in 1982, and has continued on that committee and on the London committee ever since. He was chair of NAPCE from 1992 to 1994, and is currently chair of the Publications Committee. He has been a maths teacher in a large secondary school, a teacher in charge of a unit for pupils whose effect on school was disruptive, and a trained school counsellor. He is now head of the academic group ‘Assessment, Guidance and Effective Learning’ at the University of London Institute of Education, where his current areas of work include school behaviour, mentoring, tutoring, personal–social education – all centrally linked to effective learning in classrooms and school. He is course tutor to the MA in Effective Learning and the MA in School Development, and is involved in consultancy to schools and training others in consultation. Current research projects include ‘The Violence-resilient School’ and ‘Learning about Learning’. 相似文献
13.
Pauline Davey Zeece 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2009,36(5):447-452
Learning to display kindness and compassion for others is a critical and ongoing developmental process and an important part
of young children’s evolving social competence (Han and Kemple in Early Child Educ J 34(3):241–246, 2006; Moore in Early Child Educ Today 19(3):36–44, 2004). The capacity to care emanates from physical and psychological caregiving by nurturing others, develops into self-nurturing,
and gradually supports the ability to nurture others (McNamee and Mercurio in Early Child Res Pract, , Spring 2007). Literature that highlights and supports secure attachment and positive interaction between young children and their significant
adults and highlights kindness serves to build foundations of trust whereby prosocial behaviors such as sharing, helping,
comforting, and caring are acknowledged and valued. A rationale, selection criteria, and teaching strategies for using picture
books to encourage kindness are presented. Fourteen children’s books are reviewed and recommended. 相似文献
14.
15.
Mary Anne Rea-Ramirez Maria Cecilia Nunez-Oviedo John Clement 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2009,20(2):95-111
Discrepant questioning is a teaching technique that can help students “unlearn” misconceptions and process science ideas for
deep understanding. Discrepant questioning is a technique in which teachers question students in a way that requires them
to examine their ideas or models, without giving information prematurely to the student or passing judgment on the student’s
model. This strategy prompts students to see the contradictions in their own model. This study focused on the analysis of
small group tutoring sessions on human respiration. Individual and small group construction of mental models was analyzed
after instructed with a standardized teaching sequence based on model construction and criticism theory (Rea-Ramirez in Model
of conceptual understanding in human respiration and strategies for instruction, Dissertation Abstracts International, 59 (10), 5196B, 1998). Analysis provided deeper understanding of the role discrepant questioning played in this construction of understanding
and suggested new models of learning. 相似文献
16.
Stephen Rushton Anne Juola-Rushton Elizabeth Larkin 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2010,37(5):351-361
Paralleling the works of Cambourne’s Conditions of Literacy Learning (The Reading Teacher, 54(4), 414–429, 2001), Copple and Bredekamp’s (Developmentally appropriate practice in early childhood programs serving children from birth though
age. National Association for the Education of Young Children, Washington, 2009) Developmentally Appropriate Practices and the findings from the field of Neuroscience this article explores the important
components of creating an active, stimulating learning environment; one purposely designed to actively engage the minds of
young children in order to help strengthen their neurological networks. The article concludes its exploration with the role
of “mirror neurons” in the learning environment and how they affect the young child's mood, emotions, and empathy. 相似文献
17.
K.J. Topping 《Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning》2013,21(3):25-31
The Centre for Paired Learning Audio Training Pack is a distance learning resource expanding upon the organisational issues considered in this article and including a photocopiable planning guide. The Centre for Paired Learning Video Training Pack includes useful materials for training in generic tutoring skills. These include: Preparation, Rapport Introduction and Advance Organisers, Goal Setting, Sequencing and Varying Tasks and Activities, Instructing Discussing Explaining Listening Questioning, Modelling and Demonstration, Error Detection Signalling and Correction, Structuring Thinking Time, Prompting, Praising and Rewarding, Evaluating and Assessing. 相似文献
18.
Michael P. Clough Craig A. Berg Joanne K. Olson 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2009,7(4):821-847
Learning and effective teaching are both complicated acts. However, many administrators, teachers, parents, and policymakers
appear not to recognize those complexities and their significance for practice. Fueling this perception, recommendations from
isolated research findings often neglect the complexities in learning and teaching, and when implemented in classrooms often fall
well short of the advertised effect. Consequently, education research is generally ignored, and the resulting research-practice
gap raises concerns regarding the utility of university-based teacher education, and education research more generally. However,
the strength of education research resides in the synergy resulting from its integration into a unifying system that guides,
but does not determine, decision-making. Dewey (1929) argued for teacher decision-making guided by education research, but recently several writers have justly criticized education
researchers for not providing comprehensible assistance to educators and policymakers (Good, 2007; Shymansky, 2006; Windschitl, 2005). This paper proposes a decision-making framework for teaching to help beginning and experienced teachers make sense of education
research, come to understand crucial teacher decisions, and how those decisions interact to affect student learning. The proposed
decision-making framework for teaching has significant utility in the design of science methods courses, science teacher education
programs, effective student teacher supervision experiences, and professional development workshops. 相似文献
19.
Mothofela R. Msimanga 《Africa Education Review》2020,17(3):123-141
AbstractThis article reports on a study that examined teaching and learning in multi-grade classrooms using the Learning Environment, Learning Processes and Learning Outcomes (LEPO) conceptual framework. The study sought to investigate how the learning environment is created; how the processes of teaching and learning take place; and how assessment is used to determine the achievement of learning outcomes in multi-grade classrooms. A qualitative research design was used, where interviews were conducted with nine teachers from schools with multi-grade classrooms. The data was analysed thematically and revealed the following: the learning environment can be created by grouping learners appropriately in classrooms, creating learning stations and reading stations, proper use of time-tables, and adaptation of teaching plans; the learning processes should take place through the differentiated curricular approach or quasi mono-grade, that is, learners should be afforded the opportunity to learn from their family members, teaching and learning should take place through self-directed learning, peer tutoring and cooperative learning, and lessons should cater for different learning styles; to determine the realisation of learning outcomes teachers should assess learners in different grades informally with either the same or grade-specific assessment activities and formally with grade-specific assessment tasks. The article also addresses the main criticisms against the LEPO framework by explaining how teachers and learners should interact with the learning environment, learning processes and learning outcomes in multi-grade classrooms. The article concludes that if the LEPO framework can be implemented in multi-grade classrooms, teaching and learning can be strengthened in such classrooms. 相似文献
20.
Timothy J. Nokes Robert G. M. Hausmann Kurt VanLehn Sophia Gershman 《Instructional Science》2011,39(5):645-666
Cognitive science principles should have implications for the design of effective learning environments. The self-explanation
principle was chosen for the current work because it has developed significantly over the last 20 years. Early formulations
hypothesized that self-explanation facilitated inference generation to supply missing information about a concept or target
skill, whereas later work hypothesized that self-explanation facilitated mental-model revision (Chi, Handbook of research
on conceptual change, 2000). To better understand the complex relationship between prior knowledge, cognitive processing, and changes to a learner’s
representation, two classes of self-explanation prompts (gap-filling and mental-model revision) were tested in the domain
of physics problem solving. Prompts designed to focus the learner on gap-filling led to greater learning and a reduction in
the amount of tutoring assistance required to solve physics problems. The results are interpreted as support for the instructional
fit hypothesis—the idea that the efficacy of instruction is contingent on the match between the cognitive processing that the instruction
elicits, how those processes modify the underlying knowledge representations for the task, and the utility of those representations
for the task or problem. 相似文献