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《Australian Journal of Learning Difficulties》2013,18(1):13-34
Children with general learning difficulties commonly show lower school success and have a slower rate of learning. They show limited and inefficient strategy use in all kinds of tasks. Efficient strategy use requires a certain degree of metacognitive knowledge and executive control. A sample of 16 children (ages 8 to 12) with learning difficulties participated in a 3-month metacognitive training intervention that alternated between curriculum-related and curriculum-unrelated tasks. The children were indirectly taught cognitive and metacognitive strategies by means of guided prompting. The application of the strategies and the children's metacognitive knowledge were evaluated through observation of their behavior and verbalizations. Children showed progress in strategy use and metacognitive knowledge in both types of tasks, but it was only in the more concrete strategies that a positive correlation was found between application and quality of reflection. It is hypothesized that children perceived these concrete strategies to be of most practical value and they were therefore able to reflect most accurately on their use. 相似文献
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We explored relations between students’ epistemic beliefs, metacognitive monitoring and recall performance in the context
of learning physics through metaphor. Eighty-three university undergraduate students completed questionnaires designed to
measure their epistemic beliefs and prior knowledge about Newtonian physics. Students were epistemically profiled as rational,
empirical, or metaphorical in their approaches to knowing. Using a think-aloud protocol, students read a text on Newton’s
First and Third Laws. The text included metaphors as examples of the various laws described. Results revealed that students
profiled as metaphorical engaged in more metacognitive processing compared to students profiled as rational or empirical.
Moreover, path analyses revealed that metacognitive monitoring positively predicted recall performance. Results challenge
Muis’ (2008) consistency hypothesis; the ways in which knowledge is represented in text may be the linking factor for relations between metacognitive monitoring
and epistemic beliefs rather than the underlying epistemology of the domain. 相似文献
4.
探讨了在语言学习过程中被动知识与主动知识之间的关系,提出了成功地将被动知识转化为主动知识的必要性,以及如何运用各种途径激活被动知识,从而提高英语输出的质量。文中同时提及如何通过自主学习和学习策略的培养,包括认知策略和元认知策略的培养,内化被动知识,进一步提高语言掌握和运用能力。 相似文献
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This study investigates the relationships between test takers’ cognitive, metacognitive and affective strategy use and their Chinese reading test performance. A total of 552 test takers who were learning Chinese as a second language (L2) in universities in mainland China completed a high-stakes reading test and a self-reported strategy use questionnaire. Structural equation modeling analysis indicated that only cognitive strategy use directly influenced Chinese reading test performance while both metacognitive and affective strategy use did so in an indirect way. In addition, affective strategy use had direct effects on both metacognitive and cognitive strategy use. Metacognitive strategy use exerted a strong and direct effect on cognitive strategy use. The findings provide insight into the nature of strategy use as applied in L2 Chinese test contexts, especially affective strategy use, which has been less explored in literature. Implications of the findings are discussed for L2 Chinese language teaching and test validation. 相似文献
6.
M Montague 《Journal of learning disabilities》1992,25(4):230-248
This study investigated the effects of cognitive and metacognitive strategy instruction on the mathematical problem solving of six middle school students with learning disabilities. Conditions of the multiple baseline, across-subjects design included baseline, two levels of treatment, setting and temporal generalization, and retraining. For Treatment 1, subjects received either cognitive or metacognitive strategy instruction. Treatment 2 consisted of instruction in the complementary component of the instructional program so that all subjects eventually received both cognitive and metacognitive strategy instruction. This design allowed a componential analysis of the content as well as sequence of instruction. Generally, subjects improved their mathematical problem solving as measured by performance on one-, two-, and three-step word problems. Discussion focused on effectiveness of treatment, acquisition and application of strategic knowledge, error pattern analysis, and the need to tailor instruction to the learner's individual characteristics. 相似文献
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以208名非英语专业大一学生为实验对象,分析了课堂上元认知训练对学生英语阅读所产生的可能效果.实验进行了前测、后测、问卷调查和访谈.结果表明,元认知训练能显著提高学生的英语阅读能力,并能促进学生更主动地把元认知知识应用于阅读,提高他们自主学习的能力;问卷调查和访谈显示了学生对训练总体持认同态度,但还存在分歧.本文指出了这次实验的教学启示. 相似文献
8.
Elizabeth S. Ghatala 《教育心理学家》2013,48(1-2):43-54
This article reviews evidence bearing on the relationship between strategy knowledge and strategy use. It is particularly concerned with efforts to overcome metacognitive deficiencies in young learners. One promising line of research focuses on strategy-monitoring training that enables young children to acquire: and utilize knowledge about strategy effectiveness. The research evidence indicates that: (a) strategy knowledge that results in effective strategy maintenance incorporates strong linkages between performance, strategies, and goals; (b) in contrast to the approach of providing children with explicit information about instructed strategies, strategy-monitoring training results in metacagnitive acquisition strategies that can subsequently be activated to enable children to derive metacognitive benefits from experiences with new strategies. 相似文献
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《Learning and Instruction》2002,12(2):233-262
The performance of a group of grade 9 mathematics students trained to use a self-explanation procedure during study of a new theorem in geometry was compared with that of students who used their usual study procedures. The processing activities used by the students during the study session and those used in a subsequent problem-solving test were observed. The focus of analysis on both occasions was on the knowledge access, knowledge generation, management and elaboration activities used by students. The self-explanation group showed more frequent use of each type of activity and also obtained higher scores on the problem-solving test. The difference in post-test performance of the groups was greatest on a set of far-transfer items. These items required the students to extend their use of the newly learned theorem to problem types that were substantially different from those presented in the original study material. Of particular note was the carryover effect of self-explanation training to students' processing in the subsequent problem-solving session. The relationships among the processing activities, students' beliefs, prior knowledge and post-test performance were examined using a partial least-squares path analysis procedure. Use of the self-explanation method had an indirect effect on performance, this effect being mediated by associated knowledge access and knowledge generation activity. There was no direct effect of method on performance. The strongest predictor of performance was the level of knowledge generation activity during which students showed evidence of making novel connections, either within the newly presented study material or between parts of that material and their existing geometry knowledge. In the final path model derived from the analysis of student performance, the students' prior knowledge measure had both a weak direct on their problem-solving performance and an effect on that performance that was mediated by relationships with the knowledge access and knowledge generation variables in the model. 相似文献
10.
The quality of teachers’ knowledge about how people learn influences students’ learning outcomes. Similarly, the quality of
students’ knowledge about how they learn influences their engagement in self-regulated learning and consequently, their learning
achievement. There is a gap between research findings that support these two premises and teaching–learning practices in classrooms.
In this paper we describe attempts to reduce this gap. In Study 1 we surveyed early adolescent students’ cognitive and metacognitive
strategy use and demonstrated that students’ cognitive and metacognitive strategy knowledge has substantial room for improvement.
In Studies 2 and 3 we collaborated with teachers to embed explicit cognitive and metacognitive strategy instruction, using
learning protocols, into regular class lessons. Studies 2 and 3 showed that the learning protocols slipped readily into teachers’
typical lesson designs, scaffolded teachers’ delivery of strategy instruction, and scaffolded some students’ acquisition of
strategy knowledge, although progress was sometimes slow. Recommendations are presented for supporting teachers and students
to engage with cognitive and metacognitive strategy instruction. 相似文献
11.
元认知:构建自主学习的外语教学策略 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
认知心理学中的元认知理论是培养学生创造性思维、构建自主学习的一个重要教学理论。元认知、元认知策略已经逐渐成为外语教学的重要内容。文章就元认知的理论界定,自主学习与元认知策略的关系以及如何在外语教学实践中对学生进行元认知策略运用能力训练进行探讨,引导学生形成富有成效的自主学习策略系统,从而提高学生运用元认知策略的能力,促进其综合语言技能的提高。 相似文献
12.
策略作为学习成绩的重要决定因素,主要分为认知策略、元认知策略、情感策略和交际策略。本文对云南省不同专业的少数民族大学生的英语学习策略进行调查,结果发现,英语专业的少数民族学生倾向于使用更多策略,尤其是元认知策略。这一结果对今后的策略训练有一定的借鉴意义。Abstract： Learning strategy is an important factor in students＇ academic achievements.It includes cognitive strategy,metacognitive strategy,affective strategy and communication strategy.A study was made to investigate English learning strategies of ethnic minority university students of different majors in Yunnan Province.The results show that English majors use more strategies than non-English majors.This is more obvious in the use of metacognitive strategy.Hope this study can offer some references for the training of strategies in the future. 相似文献
13.
周殿军 《沈阳教育学院学报》2008,10(4):75-79
以208名非英语专业大一学生为实验对象,分析了课堂上元认知训练对学生英语阅读所产生的可能效果。实验进行了前测、后测、问卷调查和访谈。结果表明：元认知训练能显著提高学生的英语阅读能力,并能促进学生更主动地把元认知知识应用于阅读,提高自主学习的能力;问卷调查和访谈显示了学生对训练总体持认同态度,但还存在分歧。通过实验得到了一定的教学启示。 相似文献
14.
乔颖 《深圳信息职业技术学院学报》2012,10(2):52-57
以深圳信息职业技术学院应用外语学院09级商务英语专业学生为研究对象,进行为期十二周的听力元认知策略培训。实证研究结果表明：元认知策略培训能够促进高职英语专业学生对元认知知识的掌握和应用,但对学生听力水平的促进作用短期内并不明显。 相似文献
15.
《The Journal of educational research》2012,105(4):216-220
AbstractThis study investigated the effects of retelling (free recall) upon the comprehension and recall of text information for 93 fourth-grade students. Subjects were assigned randomly to one of two generative learning strategy treatment conditions: retelling or illustrating. Subjects participated in four training sessions and one test session. For each of the four training sessions subjects silently read a passage and then, according to treatment condition, either retold the important parts of the passage or illustrated the important parts of the passage. For the test passage all subjects silently read the passage, and then rendered a free recall. Two days later all subjects rendered a delayed free recall and answered 10 literal and 10 inferential questions about the test passage. Statistically significant differences were found on all measures of reading comprehension and recall (immediate free recall, two-day delayed free recall, and responses to literal and inferential questions) in favor of the subjects who received practice in retelling. The results suggest that retelling is a highly potent generative learning strategy and that retelling has direct, beneficial consequences for children's processing of subsequent text. 相似文献
16.
Metacognition, achievement goals, study strategies and academic achievement: pathways to achievement 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The purpose of this research was to develop and test a model of effective self-regulated learning. Based on effort expenditure
we discerned effective self-regulators and less effective self-regulators. The model comprised achievement goals (mastery,
performance-approach and -avoidance goals), metacognition (metacognitive knowledge, regulation and experience), study strategies
(metacognitive, deep cognitive, surface cognitive and resource management strategies) and academic achievement. The relationships
in the model were tested with controlling for intellectual ability, gender and age. The results showed that effective self-regulated
learning involved two pathways: a metacognitive and a strategy pathway. The first pathway involved a positive relationship
of mastery goals and a negative relationship of performance-avoidance goals with metacognition. Metacognition positively affected
the use of the four study strategies. The strategy pathway involved positive effects of mastery and performance-approach goals
on the use of metacognitive and deep cognitive strategies. Further, performance-approach goals positively affected the use
of surface cognitive and resource management strategies. The use of metacognitive and resource management strategies had a
positive and the use of surface cognitive strategies had a negative effect on exam scores. 相似文献
17.
Using a virtual physics lab, we analyzed the impact of metacognitive support on simulation-based scientific discovery learning (SDL). The dependent variables for learning outcome were the immediate conceptual knowledge gain and the retained conceptual knowledge three weeks later. Additional dependent variables were the actual use of a domain-specific cognitive strategy, motivation, emotions, and cognitive load. To contrast the effects of metacognitive support with possible effects of goal specificity, the experimental study followed a 2 × 2 design with a sample of N = 129 ninth grade students and with metacognitive support (yes vs. no) and learning goals (specific vs. nonspecific) as factors. The results showed positive effects of metacognitive support on learning outcome, on actual cognitive strategy use, and on learning emotions. No interaction effect of metacognitive support and goal specificity on learning outcome was observed. 相似文献
18.
Working memory capacity and reading skill moderate the effectiveness of strategy training in learning from hypertext 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Johannes Naumann Tobias Richter Ursula Christmann Norbert Groeben 《Learning and individual differences》2008,18(2):197-213
Cognitive and metacognitive strategies are particularly important for learning with hypertext. The effectiveness of strategy training, however, depends on available working memory resources. Thus, especially learners high on working memory capacity can profit from strategy training, while learners low on working memory capacity might easily be overtaxed. In addition, efficient basic reading comprehension processes are important for strategy training to be successful: When both the newly acquired strategies and poorly routinized basic reading comprehension processes compete for working memory resources, navigation within the hypertext and learning might deteriorate rather than improve. In an experiment, 64 undergraduates learned with a comprehensive expository hypertext after receiving either a cognitive or a metacognitive or no strategy training. In line with the predictions, learners high on working memory capacity or reading skill could profit from learning strategy training in terms of learning outcomes and the quality of their navigational behavior. Learners low on working memory capacity or reading skill, in contrast, performed worse in both training conditions compared to the control condition. The improvement in learning outcomes for skilled learners as well as the impairment in learning outcomes for unskilled learners could be shown to be indirect effects mediated by the quality of navigational behavior. 相似文献
19.
Don Ambrose 《Roeper Review》2013,35(3):212-213
Metacognition is an important component of advanced intellectual performance and, therefore, has been proposed to be more advanced in intellectually gifted than average children. However, existing research comparing gifted to average children's metacognitive abilities does not support this idea uniformly. Compared to average children, gifted children appear to have generally better declarative metacognitive knowledge and better ability to transfer strategies to situations distinct from those in which the strategy was learned. However, gifted children do not demonstrate consistently better strategy use, maintenance, or near transfer compared to average children. Nor do they display better cognitive monitoring ability compared to average children. Metacognition appears to be important to the development of high achievement in a domain. We argue that metacognitive abilities might be incorporated as additional criteria for entry into programs for the gifted beyond standard intelligence measures. Several identification methods which include metacognitive information are discussed. 相似文献
20.
Damian P. Birney Jens F. Beckmann Robert E. Wood 《Learning and individual differences》2012,22(5):563-574
The current study investigates a conceptualization of flexible expertise as it relates to adult learning within the context of management and leadership training. Three research domains and their relation to metacognitive outcomes are integrated: 1) individual differences in abilities, personality, and mindsets, 2) deliberate practice and routine expertise, and 3) self-regulatory processes. The theoretical focus of the research is on the extent to which metacognitive self-evaluations around person- and management-specific concepts taught during training may act as precursors to flexible expertise. We asked 172 mid-level managers to provide evaluations of concept importance (antecedent), behavioral change (proximal consequence), and impact on job performance (distal consequence) resulting from knowledge acquired during the course of training. A series of hierarchical linear modeling analyses unveil a constellation of core personality characteristics, mindsets, and deliberative processing experiences that together interact to predict metacognitive self-evaluation of impactful training. Our results suggest support for our contention that flexible expertise is a context appropriate, balanced cluster of learning oriented, self-regulatory, and metacognitive processes that moderate and mediate the application of abilities and previously acquired knowledge to problem solution, future knowledge acquisition, and ultimately effective leadership. 相似文献