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1.
Effective dispute resolution systems are critical to the functioning of large universities and organizations. However, the design of dispute resolution systems is often inadequate to achieving the stated goals of the system. Analysis of the cases of 45 disputants reveals how the design of a university dispute system and the social context can prevent an ombudsperson from successfully reconciling relationships. This study shows how a dispute system that generally failed to utilize face-to-face meetings or mediation techniques between disputants in a social context of fear and limited social ties was unable to reconcile or preserve working relationships. Analysis from normative pragmatic and social contextual approaches to disputing provides a mechanism for understanding the problems encountered by this ombudsperson and provides a tool for designing more effective dispute resolution systems. 相似文献
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Leo Jeffres Edward Horowitz Cheryl C. Bracken Guowei Jian Kimberly A. Neuendorf Sukki Yoon 《Mass Communication and Society》2013,16(6):787-815
Several long-standing theories intersect in discussing the impact of community characteristics and of the mass media. The structural pluralism model popularized by Tichenor and his colleagues says that social structure influences how mass media operate in communities because they respond to how power is distributed in the social system, whereas the linear model says that the increasing size of a community's population leads to more social differentiation and diversity and corresponding increases in subcultures with their own beliefs, customs, and behaviors. Recently, there has been a concern about how changes in society have led to a decline in organizational activity and the network of relationships and trust that constitute “social capital.” This article examines the impact of population and diversity (using census data) on individuals’ media use, interpersonal discussion and civic engagement (measured in a national survey), and the relationship among these variables. Analysis of a structural model provides evidence that the “linear hypothesis” can be combined with structural pluralism, with size—measured by population—impacting diversity, which influences the relationships that people have with their community. Concurrently, social categories influence people's communication patterns and community relationships, and communication impacts civic engagement. 相似文献
3.
《Knowledge Acquisition》1991,3(3):255-289
Conflict is an inevitable part of both knowledge elicitation and system design. People will disagree over how to interpret features of the application domain, what the requirements for a new system are, and how to meet those requirements. Conventional systems analysis techniques avoid such conflicts, making any resolution untraceable and adding to the communication problems. This paper surveys a number of fields which have addressed the problems of conflict resolution. A model of computer-supported negotiation is presented which can be used to address conflicts in systems analysis directly. The model begins with an exploratory phase, in which the conflict is broken down into its components, eliciting the issues which underlie disagreements and criteria to measure their satisfaction. A set of options for possible resolutions are generated using design techniques. Finally, these options are compared to the original issues, and evaluated according to the criteria associated with the issues. The model emphasizes communication, and encourages investigation of other viewpoints. The model has been used to develop a system called Synoptic, which provides a set of tools to support the exploration of conflicts. 相似文献
4.
Jamie M. Litty 《广播与电子媒介杂志》2016,60(3):373-388
Realistic elements in video game design can inspire an appropriation claim, trademark dispute, or similar lawsuits, even when the underlying immaterial property from the real world was licensed. Video games can be First Amendment-protected expression, however, as in other media, there’s tension between the speech rights of creators and the personal rights of subjects. Furthermore, there’s disagreement from one jurisdiction to another regarding how much mimicry loses protection and how many dissimilarities are transformative enough to be lawful. Analysis of case law reveals a balancing act between protecting video games as expressive works and protecting individuals’ right of publicity. 相似文献
5.
[目的/意义]高校图书馆情景敏感服务模式的构建是一项复杂的系统工程,探讨解析该服务模式的理论基础,可为服务的进一步开展与实施提供相应的理论依据和技术指导。[方法/过程]以相关性理论、社会认知观理论、情境学习理论、人机交互理论等为理论基础,深入解析情景敏感服务模式蕴含的系统角度相关性、用户角度相关性和情境观的相关性理论;从用户需求的社会认知分析、"以人为本"的服务系统设计、对用户需求满足与知识构建的支持等方面阐释情报学社会认知观理论对开展情景敏感服务提供的指导意义;情境学习理论以及泛在学习范式的形成为该服务的实现提供理论支撑;人机交互理论为情景敏感服务模式实现自然的人机交互和"以用户为中心"设计理念提供技术指导。[结果/结论]相关性理论、情境学习理论为情景敏感服务模式的开展提供理论依据,社会认知观理论为情景敏感服务的实施提供思想指导,人机交互理论为情景敏感服务的实现提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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信息论视野中的信息关注信息的工具理性,忽视了信息本身是特定社会机构和社会关系的产物这一前提。在当下语境中,如何理解信息本质,丹·席勒从传播政治经济学视角论证信息资本积累属性如何使得信息成为为一种新的拜物教,从而为我们对信息本质的理解增添了新的维度。其整体性研究方法给予国内传播学研究诸多启示。 相似文献
8.
《Research Strategies》2001,18(1):3-20
Online instructional design is a relatively new field for librarians. Many librarians have taken on the challenge of creating online library tutorials without the benefit of formal education and training in the field. Librarians can learn much from research in system design, human–computer interaction, and applied psychology, as it relates to the creation of online learning systems. Researchers in these areas believe that people approach online learning systems by making use of a conceptual—or mental—model of the system. Designers' mental models influence the way they create learning systems; students' mental models affect the way they interact with and learn from the system. This article compares and contrasts the mental models of librarians and students as they relate to online library tutorials. These mental models are examined through a review of existing library tutorials, usability studies on various library tutorials, and student interviews about the research and writing process. Analysis of these models demonstrates how undergraduates' mental models vary, often significantly, from the mental models of the librarians who design the online library tutorials. Interpretations of this analysis identify ways in which to design a tutorial for more effective instruction aimed at the undergraduate. 相似文献
9.
《Library & information science research》2005,27(3):346-362
Understanding how designers of information and communication technologies conceptualize and perform their work can contribute to the larger goals of more effective design environments and more effective information systems. This article discusses the narrative analysis method in the context of a digital library design project related to environmental science and suggests that useful insights can be gained when both the design product and the design process are framed in narrative terms. When designers embraced the narrative aspects of the system, indicators of communication, information sharing, and integrative work increased. Narrative analysis supplemented social network analysis and demonstrated more explanatory power regarding the outcomes of the usability study and was an effective research method insofar as it mirrored the participants' evolving views of the design environment, suggesting that a reflexive approach to narrative data collection and analysis is warranted. 相似文献
10.
A number of technologies exist which enable the unobtrusive capture of computer interface interactions in the background of a user's working environment. The resulting data can be used in a variety of ways to model aspects of search activity and the general use of electronic documents in normal working routines. In this paper we present an approach for using captured data to identify relationships between documents used by an individual or group, representing their value in a given context—that may relate to specific information need or activity. The approach employs the use of a naïve Bayesian classifier to evaluate possible relationships that are derived implicitly from the data. It is intended that the relationships established be stored within an information retrieval (IR) system to aid in the retrieval of related documents where future users arrive at a similar context. In the evaluation of the approach over 70 hours of data from computer users in industrial and academic settings are collected to assess its overall feasibility. The results indicate that the approach provides a useful method for the establishment of identifiable relationships between documents based on the context of their usage, rather than their content. 相似文献
11.
Intertextuality and nationalism discourse: a critical discourse analysis of microblog posts in China
Mengjun Guo 《亚洲交流杂志》2013,23(4):328-345
As an important dimension of contentious politics, online political discourse reveals crucial issues related to ideology, power, and identity in times of political struggle. Drawing on Norman Fairclough’s intertextual analysis approach within the paradigm of Critical Discourse Analysis in an online discursive context, this study examines the role of intertextuality in the discursive construction of social movements. It does so by analyzing how different social actors employ discursive tools to construct the pro-democracy Umbrella Movement in their online commentaries. Focusing on discourse, genre, and style, this study demonstrates how online texts draw from different intertextual resources and how they echo the broader nationalist discourse in China. In addition, this paper also uncovers how the circulation and combination of these intertextual resources in an authoritarian context form specific constructions of the Umbrella Movement. 相似文献
12.
[目的/意义]对社会情景感知计算研究对象、特征及关键技术进行总结和分析。[方法/过程]基于文献调研,以社会情景的概念为出发点,从社会情景感知系统的视角,对社会情景获取、社会情景建模、社会情景推理、安全与隐私四个模块的关键理论和技术进行探讨。[结果/结论]总结社会情景的五个描述维度;论述社会情景感知计算与传统情景感知计算的区别与联系;对比分析社会情景感知计算关键技术的特点和适用性,为社会情景感知计算研究关键技术的选择与应用提供理论依据和参考。 相似文献
13.
With the proliferation of the Internet and World Wide Web applications, people are increasingly interacting with government to citizen (G2C) eGovernment systems. It is therefore important to measure the success of G2C eGovernment systems from the citizen's perspective. While general information systems (IS) success models have received much attention from researchers, few studies have been conducted to assess the success of eGovernment systems. The extent to which traditional IS success models can be extended to investigating eGovernment systems success remains unclear. This study provides the first empirical test of an adaptation of DeLone and McLean's IS success model in the context of G2C eGovernment. The model consists of six dimensions: information quality, system quality, service quality, use, user satisfaction, and perceived net benefit. Structural equation modeling techniques are applied to data collected by questionnaire from 119 users of G2C eGovernment systems in Taiwan. Except for the link from system quality to use, the hypothesized relationships between the six success variables are significantly or marginally supported by the data. The findings provide several important implications for eGovernment research and practice. This paper concludes by discussing limitations of the study which should be addressed in future research. 相似文献
14.
Mobile messaging systems, particularly those that incorporate social networking capabilities, affect how individuals socially interact and how they exchange information. This paper reports the impact of a mobile-device-based social networking service that enables users to form groups and send both text and photos to co-members. Survey and system usage data from 19 participants over 16 months were analyzed using information ground theory, which focuses on how people share everyday information in informal social settings. This study was novel in applying the theory to an online environment. In addition to how the mobile system functions as an information ground, the results highlight the types and usefulness of information shared, the role of information shared in everyday life, and how the system fits into participants' communication and social “ecosystem.” Usage analyses describe message sending frequency and system participation levels in relation to other factors, such as length of time in the system. Findings are discussed in the context of the information ground framework's seven propositions, to which we propose adding an emergent concept: “information capital,” i.e., an individual's capacity to access information based on his/her information grounds extent, and degrees of social capital and information literacy. 相似文献
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《Government Information Quarterly》2020,37(3):101477
This study investigates public diplomacy on a Chinese social media platform – Weibo. Examining the traffic (i.e., the number of followers) of 30 foreign embassies on Weibo, this study confirms that under certain conditions, digital diplomacy can be effective even in closed information systems. The results suggest that the number of followers an embassy has does not always increase with the economic size of a country or its bilateral economic relationships with China; instead, the number of followers of an embassy's Weibo account grows with the embassy's daily posts. Weibo allows embassies to unshackle the limitations imposed by their economic weight or geopolitical influence and to attract a larger audience through active daily posts. Using Weibo can also help foreign government representations in China manage changes in international relations. This study provides further insights into how social media have changed the traditional pattern of information flow not only in an open Internet environment but also in a closed social media environment where the Internet is under heavy censorship. It also proposes some recommendations for policy makers. 相似文献
16.
[目的/意义]针对目前情报学界的"情报"术语争议现象,反思情报学学科基本术语的混用与混乱对学术交流与学科建设带来的影响,呼吁规范情报学术语,重构情报研究理论和情报方法体系。[方法/过程]根据术语学的原理和思想,从术语语境、概念层次、多语术语翻译操作3个方面分析情报学现存术语争议产生的原因。[结果/结论]研究认为,对情报术语的探讨是情报学随社会发展的必然,情报学对术语体系规范的需求反映出对理论重建的期待。 相似文献
17.
Jane Fedorowicz Janis L. Gogan Christine B. Williams 《Government Information Quarterly》2007,24(4):785
It is increasingly important for government agencies to collaborate across jurisdictional and functional boundaries. Interorganizational systems supporting interagency collaboration must accommodate a wide range of factors from the external environment and participating organizations as part of their design and operation. This paper presents the findings from a case study of CapWIN, a collaborative network created to enable first responders to share information across jurisdictional and functional boundaries as they work together during emergencies and other critical events. The study examines how aspects of the external environment and the agency context impeded or facilitated the CapWIN collaborative network and the interorganizational system (IOS) that supports it. We identify factors affecting information sharing and collaborative processes, and describe how these factors interact to enable and constrain an IOS. The paper concludes with suggestions for further research on the interplay of environmental, organizational, and technical aspects of interagency collaboration networks as they evolve over time. 相似文献
18.
This study relies on participant observation and in-depth interviews to explore how StreetWise, an organization with a newspaper by the same name, mobilizes symbolic and material support for people without homes or those at risk. Pragmatism is used to understand how StreetWise ameliorates the experience of homelessness by building community. In stark contrast to forces that erase “the homeless” from the public scene, StreetWise integrates people without homes, as vendors, into community life by providing employment and raising awareness about poverty-related issues. Through its structure, mission, and business plan StreetWise encourages an engaged citizenry and enhances civic discourses. StreetWise provides scholars with a context within which to understand the reflexive and interactive organization–society relationships that strive to support a democratic way of life. 相似文献
19.
社会记忆建构是有效实现史脉延续、文化传衍的重要途径。针对当前叙事型建构研究的不足,本文通过语义组织对档案承载的社会记忆进行重构,促进档案价值的开发利用。在探讨社会记忆与语义组织的逻辑关系的基础上,提出面向社会记忆重构的档案信息语义组织框架。首先通过词表、著录和机器学习等方法提取社会记忆要素、获取要素的语义关系,其次基于信息整合的视角实现社会记忆本体构建,最后基于共享服务的视角提出社会记忆关联数据的转换和发布,为大智移云时代社会记忆全景重现及档案的价值开发利用提供参考。 相似文献
20.
开放政府背景下,现代社会治理强调建立多方参与、协商合作的治理模式,为图书馆参与社会治理提供了发展机遇。文章从治理问题、治理目标、治理主体、治理方式四个角度论证了图书馆参与社会治理的必要性与可行性,并提出从制度、机制、意识、技术四个层面来促进图书馆参与社会治理。 相似文献