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1.
Nienke van Atteveldt Sabine Peters Bert De Smedt Iroise Dumontheil 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2020,14(2):124-129
The special issue resulting from the 2018 Earli‐SIG22 conference reflects the current state of the field, the diversity of methods, the persevering limitations and promising directions towards solutions. About half of the empirical papers in this special issue that consist of three parts, uses behavioral, self‐report or qualitative measures to understand the “mind” level of Mind, Brain, and Education. The other half investigates the “brain” level, using neuroimaging but also genetics or eye‐tracking to gain access to the wider range of biological substrates of learning and cognition. These biological studies mostly have added value by refining psychological theories, such that these inspire new hypotheses to test in the field, to ultimately better inform teaching. Importantly, the special issue presents several approaches to more intensive, bi‐directional and systematic practice‐research collaborations to better connect the “mind” and “brain” levels to education, and to equip researchers to realize such collaborations successfully in the future. 相似文献
2.
Zachary Stein 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2010,4(2):53-67
The use of educationally oriented biotechnology has grown drastically in recent decades and is likely to continue to grow. Advances in both the neurosciences and genetics have opened up important areas of application and industry, from psychopharmacology to gene-chip technologies. This article reviews the current state of educationally oriented biological technologies, eventually focusing on the use of psychiatric drugs with children and adolescents to improve their academic performance. Distinguishing between “good” and “bad” uses of biological technologies is complicated by conflicting theoretical views about human development, the etiology of disability, and the diagnostic categories that structure treatments. To address these issues I introduce a set of ethical concepts, which are based on a biopsychosocial approach to human development. The difference between designing children and raising children marks an ethically salient difference between approaches that focus on only part of the child (e.g., her brain) and approaches that focus on the full biopsychosocial complexity of the developing child in context. This clarifies the importance of the child's right to both autonomy and care. Implications for policy and practice are offered. 相似文献
3.
“面子”是中国人的外在形象,中国人历来看重“面子”。“面子”思想根植于传统社会制度和礼仪文化之中,尤其深受传统儒家礼教的影响。传统儒家礼教中所蕴含的“面子”思想相当丰富:既包括“有德之人”的道德“面貌”,也涵括“有位之人”的身份“定位”。“面子”在礼教中表现为社会礼仪上的宁俭毋奢、宁恭毋滥,人伦义务上的孝悌忠信以及人际关系上的依礼而行。肯定传统儒家的“面子”思想,其目的在于丰富人的内在德性与外在德行,为当今道德教育和人格修塑提供历史借鉴。 相似文献
4.
《Journal of moral education》2012,41(4):494-511
In philosophical use, ‘ethics’ and ‘moral philosophy’ are more closely synonymous—one deriving from Greek, ethikē and the other from Latin moralis. In typical social science paradigms, there generally prevails a consensual sense of contemporary everyday use of ethics, except where earlier usage sustains discourse in terms of morals—as with moral psychology. This article takes a recent publication in this journal by Patrick Welch to propose a ‘conversation’ between theoretic and empirical approaches to ethics and morals. This is illustrated using works by Joseph Ratzinger to suggest a natural law approach that brings together premises and empirics in ethical and moral discourse and action. This kind of integration helps the discovery and owning of truth that is ‘not of one’s own making’. Such a synthetic approach is especially relevant to raising student identity with ethical/moral issues and in assisting their building of psychological structures and processes that support education in ethical/moral reasoning and action. 相似文献
5.
Yiannis Roussakis 《欧洲教育》2018,50(2):119-133
This article attempts a reading of Andreas M. Kazamias’s work and method as a persistent and firmly grounded attempt to “go against the tide” of an empirical/instrumentalist comparative education and toward a “modernist episteme.” Kazamias has been explicitly critical of the social-scientific-cum-positivist comparative education, while at the same time acknowledging the limitations of the traditional historical-philosophical-humanistic approach. His “revisionist” comparative-historical analysis seeks to combine history with social science toward an “anthropocentric” comparative education, “concerned with the great problems—political, social but also ethical—which ‘mankind’ faces.” Consistent with his rejection of instrumental/“techno-scientific” approaches to comparative education, Kazamias argues for a promethean humanistic education (i.e., paideia, liberal education, culture générale, bildung) cultivating the soul and the mind, aiming at both the Platonic/Socratic psyche and the Aristotelian phronesis. 相似文献
6.
The “language-culture tesseract” hypothesized in the September 2010 issue of Mind, Brain, and Education suggests successive links between non-native language (NNL) acquisition, the development of cross-cultural empathy, and prosocial global ethics. Invoking Goethe's (1833/1999) aphorism, “those who do not know other languages know nothing of their own,” it was argued that becoming plurilingual constitutes an essential step toward metalinguistic and metacultural awareness; and that “what is true of water for a fish is also true of the mother tongue and of the native culture for a human being.” In this article, we would like to elaborate on that argument and submit to the MBE community the idea of applying the developing understanding of empathy in the brain toward the design of new approaches to NNL education that maximize its potential to cultivate a positive local–global dialectic in students. 相似文献
7.
Bernard E. Rollin 《Science & Education》2014,23(2):509-517
Uncertainty about ethics has been a major factor in societal rejection of biotechnology. Six factors help create a societal “perfect storm” regarding ethics and biotechnology: Social demand for ethical discussion; societal scientific illiteracy; poor social understanding of ethics; a “Gresham’s Law for Ethics;” Scientific Ideology; vested interests dominating ethical discussion. How this can be remedied is discussed. 相似文献
8.
“事实-价值”问题是西方哲学与伦理学研究中的一个重要问题。如何从环境科学的“事实”推出伦理学的“价值”,这是环境伦理学必须回应的问题。罗尔斯顿与克里考特的环境伦理思想分别形成“事实→价值→义务”与“事实→情感→价值”的推论逻辑,为解决理论层面的“事实-价值”问题提供新的视角,同时,也为在现实中人类应该尊重自然、保护环境提出了多元的理论依据。 相似文献
9.
10.
肖桐 《华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)》2022,(3)
学校不仅是教育的场所,更是文化生产和社会洞察的重要领地。本研究通过“大质小量”的混合研究范式,对1013名农村籍大学生进行五段式分层随机抽样,采用了为期两年的追踪调查记录了18名“寒门贵子”在精英校园中的适应策略及其从学生走向教师身份的转变历程。研究发现:面对精英高校内“大文化”的专断性,“学业”所蕴含的公正感与价值感不断受到冲击,“贵子”在自身生活经验与支配结构的互动中,围绕乡土“本分”的伦理可能性空间进行着更多面向的文化生产。当“贵子”成长为教师后,承担起了文化再生产的“转播屏”功能,其生存伦理亦由“道义”步入“理性”的惊险一跃,“本分”又一次通过社会继替间的教化性权力汇入学校的意识形态。 相似文献
11.
Abstract In Australia in recent years, as in other countries, there has been media attention to, and public interest in, the ethical and proper behavior of people considered to be leaders in society. Some have been “caught out” for acting unethically—harming children, engaging in corruption, disregarding human rights and dignity. The time is right for educators, researchers and authors to demonstrate leadership in ethics by focusing on morals and ethics more strongly and overtly. The teaching profession has not escaped scrutiny and criticism of their ethical practice. Members of the early childhood sector of the profession however, have demonstrated proactive leadership in ethics. In Australia, for example, a code of ethics and supporting materials were developed and leaders continue to develop supporting resources. This paper focuses on the professional preparation of the next generation of early childhood teachers. It has two primary purposes. Firstly, I raise questions about current notions of student teacher preparation for ethical practice in complex, changing contexts. Secondly, I propose some ideas aimed at better preparing student teachers for ethical judgment. 相似文献
12.
Rita Johnston 《Studies in Continuing Education》2013,35(1):56-66
This paper notes the recent rise in the number of courses, conferences, and publications devoted to the issue of ethics. It considers two different approaches to ethical training, one deduced from first philosophical principles of social ethics, and the other based on case studies of practical issues. The paper argues that a combination of both approaches is necessary to ensure situational applicability, whilst guarding against criticisms of moral relativism and expediency. In addition, the paper argues for an understanding of, and commitment to, personal integrity in professional practice. 相似文献
13.
Andrew Brookes 《Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning》2013,13(1):49-62
Abstract Within the diverse and sometimes amorphous outdoor education literature, “neo-Hahnian” (NH) approaches to adventure education are exceptional for their persistence, seeming coherence, and wide acceptance. NH approaches assume that adventure experiences “build character”, or, in modern terminology, “develop persons”, “actualise selves”, or have certain therapeutic effects associated with personal traits. In social psychological terms NH thought is “dispositional”, in that it favours explanations of behaviour in terms of consistent personal traits. In this paper I critically review NH OAE in an historical context, and draw on Ross' and Nisbett's (1991) seminal review of dispositional social psychology to argue that OAE programs do not build character, but may provide situations that elicit certain behaviours. For OAE research and theory, belief in the possibility of “character building” must be seen as a source of bias, not as a foundation. The conceptual analysis I develop provides not only a basis for critique, but also offers a way forward for OAE. 相似文献
14.
Michael P. Brady Mary A. McEvoy Joseph Wehby David Ellis 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》1987,34(3):213-219
This report presents a data‐based intervention designed t o increase the social interactions between an autistic boy and his nondisabled peers. A “loose training” prompting tactic was used to teach the child to initiate to the peers. After several training sessions the autistic child increased his spontaneous interactions (a) with the training peers in non‐training, generalizationsessions and (b) with non‐training peersin the generalization sessions. The results show promise for the discovery and implementation of generalization tactics that promote the social integration of disabled and nondisabled children. 相似文献
15.
Professionals serving as internal and external consultants, whether as performance technologists, human resource development facilitators, training specialists, organizational development change agents, or quality improvement engineers, are uniquely positioned to influence ethical awareness in the workplace. Yet it is unlikely that they will be able to exert much influence without knowledge of the factors that influence ethical behavior in organizations and knowledge of ethical decision making. Although the literature on ethics is proliferating, little of it is directly related to performance improvement professionals. Those who want to educate themselves in ethics have been left to their own devices. Part One in this series of two articles presents a review of key ethical theories and research. Part Two is a list of references available for those who are ready to examine the ethical responsibilities of HPT professionals, who have encountered ethical issues, who want to include an ethics audit in their needs assessment tool box, or who need to suggest ethics-related solutions to performance problems. 相似文献
16.
发展合理性的追寻——发展伦理学的理论实质与价值 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
刘福森 《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2007,(1):130-136
“发展是天然合理的”、“能够做的就是应当做的”是西方现代发展观的两个基本信念,它造成了现代发展的价值危机和伦理危机。发展伦理学的理论实质是追寻发展合理性。它既不同于传统伦理学,也不同于生态伦理学。人类的可持续生存和发展是发展伦理学的终极关怀。因为现在人类已陷入资源匮乏和环境危机,说到底这是人类的生存危机。这种危机的解决,只有依赖于生存的原理,大力倡导节约自然资源,将生产和消费限制在满足人们为健康生存需要的限度内,人这个物种才能在地球上持续地生存和发展下去。这就是发展伦理学的理论实质和价值之所在。 相似文献
17.
国内翻译伦理研究一定程度上缺乏“理论自觉”与“学术自信”,对西方翻译伦理理论模仿借鉴多于批评反 思。以中国传统中庸思想为视角,从伦理观、本体论与方法论三个维度对以贝尔曼异质伦理、韦努蒂存异伦理和皮姆译 者伦理为代表的西方翻译伦理理论进行批评与反思,可发现真知灼见中亦有偏颇之处,有失中正、中和与中行。借中国 视角,观西方理论,于扬弃中寻求古与今、中与西的圆融调和,为丰富国内翻译伦理研究路径与内涵提供启示。 相似文献
18.
J. Robert Cox 《Quarterly Journal of Speech》2013,99(3):227-239
Claims that a choice cannot be repeated or that its consequences may involve an irreparable loss draw upon powerful topical and ontological assumptions. This essay identifies this commonplace with certain loci of “Quality” and with a view of time similar to Heidegger's general interpretation of human existence as Ek‐sistenz—"the standing beyond oneself.” Such an understanding reveals strategic and ethical implications of the irreparable for human decision‐making. 相似文献
19.
教育是人类社会文明发展的重要领域,人工智能在教育领域的应用,对教育产生了革命性的影响;同时,也给教育伦理带来了一系列风险和挑战。人工智能在教育应用中导致的伦理困境和可能面临的伦理风险,主要表现在人工智能与教育主体的权利嬗变、算法推荐与学生个性的发展异化、人工情感与人机互动的情感危机、智能感知与教育数据的价值困境这四个方面。为了防范和消除这些伦理风险,“以人为本”“以德为先”“以法为界”是人工智能在教育应用中的理性选择,教育责任则是“可信赖的人工智能应该做什么”伦理准则的实践指向。 相似文献
20.
Kirsten Nielsen 《The Journal of environmental education》2013,44(1):33-36
Abstract Drawing chiefly from Paul Shepard's (1982) Nature and Madness and David Abram's (1996) The Spell of the Sensuous, this essay draws attention to two underlying foundations of educational thought: the process of human social development and the emergence of language and literacy. A reading of Shepard and Abram implies that the meaning of human social development and the meaning of literacy must be recovered from our shared human heritage in which human beings developed a sense of interconnection with nonhuman others. This perspective suggests many challenges to environmental educators including (a) the need to take a more philosophical (and less instrumental) approach to our work, (b) the need for a working theory of development and literacy in education that takes nonhuman otherness seriously, (c) the need to advocate for more regular and extended experiences in the natural world in order to nurture relationship with otherness, (d) the need to reinvent “accountability” in education, (e) and the need to develop in all learners, including ourselves, a sense of at-homeness. 相似文献