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1.
The experiment in which a candle is burned inside an inverted vessel partially immersed in water has a history of more than
2,200 years, but even nowadays it is common that students and teachers relate the change in volume of the enclosed air to
its oxygen content. Contrary to what many people think, Lavoisier concluded that any change in volume in this experiment is
negligible; moreover, the explanation relating oxygen consumption in the air with its change in volume is known to be wrong.
In this work we briefly review the history behind the candle experiment and its relationship with some typical erroneous explanations.
One of the key factors behind Lavoisier’s success was the use of experiments carefully designed to test different hypotheses.
Following these steps, we performed several closed volume experiments where the candle wick was replaced by a capillary stainless
steel cylinder supported and heated by a nichrome filament connected to an external power supply. Our recorded experiments
are displayed as web pages, designed with the purpose that the reader can easily visualize and analyze modern versions of
Lavoisier’s experiments. These experiments clearly show an initial phase of complete combustion, followed by a phase of incomplete
combustion with elemental carbon or soot rising to the top of the vessel, and a final phase where the hot artificial wick
only evaporates a white steam of wax that cannot ignite because no oxygen is left in the closed atmosphere. After either a
complete or incomplete combustion of the oxygen, our experiments show that the final gas volume is nearly equal to the initial
air volume. 相似文献
2.
The concept of metacognition refers to one’s knowledge and control of one’s own cognitive system. However, despite being widely
used, this concept is confusing because of several reasons. First, sometimes it is not at all clear what is cognitive and
what is metacognitive. Second, researchers often use the same term, namely, “metacognition” even when they refer to very different
aspects of this complex concept. Alternatively, researchers may use different terms to indicate the same metacognitive elements.
Another foggy matter is the interrelationships among the various components of metacognition discussed in the literature.
This conceptual confusion regarding the concept of metacognition and its sub-components calls for in-depth theoretical and
conceptual clarifications. The goal of this article is to portray a detailed example of a conceptual analysis of meta-strategic
knowledge (MSK) which is one specific component of metacognition. This specific example is used to draw a general model for
conceptual analyses of additional metacognitive components. The approach suggested here is to begin with a clear definition
of the target sub component of metacognition, followed by a systematic examination of this sub component according to several
dimensions that are relevant to metacognition in general and to that sub component in particular. The examination should include
an analysis of how the details of the definition of the target sub-component refer to: (a) general theoretical metacognitive
issues raised by prominent scholars; (b) definitions formulated and issues raised by other researchers who have investigated
the same (or a similar) sub-component and, (c) empirical findings pertaining to that sub-component. Finally, it should be
noted that since metacognition is a relational rather than a definite concept it is important to situate the context within
which the conceptual analysis takes place. 相似文献
3.
Penny Crawley 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1984,7(4):261-265
The problems which arise between a disabled or chronically ill nurse and her nursing colleagues are explored. Ways of recognising and resolving some of the difficulties are suggested. Recommendations are made that the findings should be incorporated into the future training of nurses, and that sufficient staff Counsellors should be appointed to Hospitals to enable the nurses, both disabled and nondisabled to deal creatively with the stress which affects their professional and personal relationships. 相似文献
4.
Zaidman-Zait A 《Journal of deaf studies and deaf education》2007,12(2):221-241
This study aimed to describe and categorize the attributes that parents of young children with cochlear implants (CIs) consider as facilitating their parental coping experience. I interviewed 15 hearing mothers and 13 hearing fathers (including 12 married couples) whose children had CIs, using the critical incident technique that asked parents to describe significant incidents (observable behaviors, thoughts, feelings) that facilitated their parenting experience. A total of 430 critical incidents were documented and sorted into 20 categories. Further analyses supported the suggested categorical system's validity and reliability. Results indicated various sources of influence on parents' coping experience, associated with social contextual aspects (e.g., professionals' support, sharing experience with others, family's/friends' consistent involvement, intervention services), with the parent himself or herself (e.g., taking action, personal resources, incorporating deafness into daily life), and with the child (e.g., child characteristics, identifying progress and success). The current research substantiates the soundness of implementing early intervention models such as the developmental system model (Guralnick, 2001) and the support approach to early intervention (McWilliam & Scott, 2001), which coincide with ecological theory and recognize that families need various combinations of resources, social support, information, and services to help them address the stressors associated with parenting in general and parenting a child with special needs in particular. 相似文献
5.
W. R. Morford 《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2013,65(1):88-93
Physical education has a rich tradition of concern for the development of fully functioning individuals, but this tradition is in danger of being marginalized by the dominant technocratic and competitive structures of today's physical education. The purpose of this paper, in seeking to readdress the value of the experiential dimensions of sport, is to provide the instructor with insight into a specific domain of sport—challenging outdoor activity, or risk sport—that holds particular value for Bain's (1988) alternative approach for humanistic physical education. Employing the model of risk-sport involvement (Robinson, 1992) as an analytical framework, the paper attempts to promote an understanding of the complex nature of the risk-sport experience and the potential value such experiences hold for personal growth, meaningful social interaction, and social change. 相似文献
6.
This article reports on a case study where a professional musician was assigned to a primary school as mentor in a project where 14 primary-aged children, with their teacher's direction, were involved in the composition of a piece of music that would act as prologue to the school's major production. The researchers were interested in aspects of the composition project that appeared to develop student's compositional skills and motivation and how the mentor might exercise his role in the composition project alongside the teacher, who was the school's music specialist. A range of data was analyzed: classroom observations, emails, questionnaires, and one-on-one and focus-group interviews. Findings suggested that the involvement of the mentor was well received by the pupils and that the mentor and teacher complemented one another in their enactment of both pedagogical and compositional roles. Students enjoyed a high sense of success in the production of their composition. Student learning were highly variable and a range of activities and processes was identified by students as contributing to their learning. 相似文献
7.
M. L. Carrió Pastor 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2007,32(5):599-612
Second language acquisition is a hard task for teachers, since to achieve the motivation from students to practice a language simulating a real context is very difficult. On the one hand, students are often influenced by their mother tongue and more when they are practising a second language with a partner from the same nationality. On the other, technology is part of our lives and teachers should use all the tools in order to motivate students to learn any topic. So, if we integrate technology in the methodology we use when teaching a second language and students can practise with international partners, the results can be surprising. Chats, scanning texts, games, filling forms, etc. are just some of the activities our students can do in order to improve their command of a second language and also these activities can be used by content teachers in order to complement content learning. In the present paper, we provide some examples of activities designed by collaborating with content teachers based on websites, and then we analyse the effect they produced on students. We contrast the methodology used to propose tasks based on websites and those based on texts, and finally, evaluate their effect on the motivation of students. 相似文献
8.
Students who have been taught regression properly are certainly familiar with the dangers and curiosities to which the regression analysis leads when only two data points are available. However, one may ask whether students are familiar with the effects of adding a third observation into this data set. The purpose of this article is to illustrate some unexpected phenomena related to this situation using a specific map technique. 相似文献
9.
张红旗 《廊坊师范学院学报》2010,(3):80-83
公推直选乡镇长与乡镇党委书记出现的时间、发展现状与趋势、制度依据、选举成本,以及乡镇长与乡镇党委书记在乡镇政权中的作用有明显的不同。在我们看来,直接选举乡镇党委书记,发展的空间更广阔,对乡镇民主建设与乡镇政府职能转型所起的作用更大。 相似文献
10.
This article has no direct link with academics, children, students or those who teach: I severed almost all such connections several years ago. It describes the rewards and challenges of leading a reminiscence group of elderly people, all of whom suffer some level of memory loss and/or severe physical disability; most are wheelchair-bound. It contains examples of their autobiographical talk which I recorded separately from group meetings and transcribed, exclusively for the satisfaction of each individual concerned. Ours is not a society which cherishes its aged members. What becomes of their identity? Who are they now? They are, of course, people – as interesting as those in our classrooms. They too need to know their own worth. 相似文献
11.
The term professional vision points to the many nuanced ways professionals see. This paper traces the development of a professional vision of a researcher and a teacher looking at classroom practices. The researcher’s interest was to capture and study notable aspects of the teacher’s practice. Through a coding scheme, disparate classroom events were organized and analyzed to yield a researcher’s professional vision of the teacher’s practices. For the teacher, through reviewing the video records of his own classroom practices, his professional vision provided a basis for him to reflect and develop professionally. Leveraging on the work of the researcher, he initiated and transformed his own practices. Their collaboration yielded a mutually informed development of professional vision of classroom practices. In juxtaposing the two developments, the researcher and the teacher’s views can be contrasted, their distinctive interests highlighted and common grounds explored. Some implications for developing professional vision are drawn, and it is in the common grounds of the teacher’s professional development and seeing with a goal of enhancing of student learning that hold some promise of a mutual interest in developing a professional vision of classroom practices. 相似文献
12.
从经营水原大学和水原科学大学30年来的经验出发,总结了在当今全球化时代,高校领导者应当具备的三大才能:分析才能、实践才能、创造才能。指出,分析才能最为优先要做到的就是一切要根据统计数据来讲话,根据统计数据来做决定,根据统计数据来执行决议。实践能力是意味着价值观的联系,即通过实践创造出以前根本没有任何关系的现象之间的概念性的联系。创造能力是意味着价值创造,创造的价值就是指以前根本没有想象过的事情能够变成可以想到的事,或者进而能够变成可以实现,最终变为必须要去实现的事,创造力在大学经营中是争取良好结果的关键。 相似文献
13.
影响物流中心选址的因素及一种选址方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
文章论述了影响物流中心选址的七大因素,建议采用模糊评判的方法,该方法克服了传统选址方法的片面性、局限性和计算的复杂性,可对多种可供选择的方案做出明确的排序,使选址问题变得更加合理、科学与全面,更加反映客观实际. 相似文献
14.
The formative evaluation model presented here examines the character of classroom interaction by juxtaposing required and performed student learning behaviours. We use the concept of learning behaviours as a tool for the examination of interactions among the commonplaces of learning (students, teachers, and curriculum materials). We define learning behaviours as actions performed by the students as a result of learning stimuli that are presumed to advance the student towards the acquirement of new knowledge. Learning behaviours may have negative as well as positive outcomes. For example, the identification of variables in an experiment, a required learning behaviour, might very possibly lead to the identification of non-relevant as well as relevant variables. This could lead to the development of misconceptions concerning conclusions drawn from the experiment. Hopefully, such student misconceptions arising from the materials would be identified during the process of formative evaluation. The evaluation model described here is an integral part of a curriculum project aimed at the development of learning materials in physics for technical vocational high schools. In particular, the materials are intended to teach basic principles of physics to students of poor motivation and limited ability. They are oriented towards the needs of technical vocational students and present physics and technology as complementary disciplines (Finegold & Reiner, 1984). 相似文献
15.
16.
Xian‐Jin Xie 《Teaching Statistics》2010,32(3):76-77
Clinically clear, statistically sound and easy‐to‐understand interpretation of a screening result for a serious disease to a patient is very important. 相似文献
17.
In this article, we explain the idea of Rees [1] to utilize the inverses of partial one-one functions on a cancellative monoid S to embed S into a group. 相似文献
18.
Hongcai Wang 《Frontiers of Education in China》2007,2(1):63-73
Historically, scholars have made unfailing efforts to position education as a standard science, but no solid success has been
achieved regardless of the positivistic paradigm, quantitative approaches, or value-free neutral stances they adopted. In
China, scholars have set up a so-called “three independency” standard for the scientific study of education, but it has been
finally proved invalid in practice. As interdisciplines permeate the field of education, education experiences a crisis of
being colonized. After serious rethinking, interdisciplines were widely believed to do more good than harm to education. Therefore,
education is beginning to transform from a “colony” to an “empire”. In this transformation, education finds it necessary to
break the traditional disciplinary boundaries and make it a field in which interdisciplinary communication is contributory
to the enrichment of scholarship.
Translated from Xiamen Daxue Xuebao (Zhexue Shehui Kexue Ban) 厦门大学学报 (哲学社会科学版) (Journal of Xiamen University (Arts & Social Sciences)), 2006, (1): 72–78 相似文献
19.
王前新 《荆门职业技术学院学报》2009,24(4):88-93
地方本科院校学报具有学术窗口、学院名片、学人摇篮、服务平台等功能。对地方本科院校学报进行科学的定位,首先要结合学校定位,其次要着眼地域定位,寻求错位发展,尤其要处理好学术性与应用性的关系、内向性与开放性的关系、科学性与人文性的关系。为提高学报的办刊水平与质量,办出特色,地方本科院校学报要坚持走特色化与品牌化道路,在办刊质量、学术品位、特色栏目创设、编辑素质、装帧设计上下功夫。 相似文献
20.
吴彦勤 《蒙自师范高等专科学校学报》2001,3(1):30-33
本文就韩国学者金贞培在其《韩国民族的文化和起源》一书中关于因燕国境内多为貊族 ,从而认定卫满及燕满亡民为“朝鲜人系统”的观点展开论述。本文认为民族是一个历史的范畴 ,许多古代民族不断分化融合到其他民族中去 ,并成为这其他民族不可分割的一部份 ,因而将貊族完全认为“朝鲜人系统”是错误的。无论卫满和燕满是不是貊族 ,他们都是中国人 ;卫满朝鲜的成份是不容否认的。 相似文献