共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 390 毫秒
1.
目的：探讨上海游泳队优秀游泳运动员心脏形态及功能特点。方法：运用超声心动图技术分析32名优秀游泳运动员（男12人，女20人）和40名普通人（男20人，女20人）的心脏形态结构与功能。结果：优秀游泳运动员的主动脉根部内径（AoD）、左房前后径（LAAPD）、左室舒张末期前后径（LVEDD）、左室收缩末期前后径（LVESD）、左室舒张末期室间隔厚度（IVSd）、左室舒张末期后壁厚度（LVPWd）、左室心肌重量（LVM）、左室心肌质量指数（LVMI）均大于普通人群（P＜0.05），差异有统计学意义，且左室舒张末容积（LVEDV）、左室收缩末容积（LVESV）均显著高于普通人群（P＜0.05），左室射血分数（LVEF）及左室缩短分数（LVFS）低于普通人群，男子组有显著差异（P＜0.05），而女子组无明显差异（P＞0.05）。男女运动员左室每搏输出量（LVSV）均显著高于普通人群（P＜0.05），而左室心输出量（LVCO）与普通人群无明显差异（P＞0.05）。结论：上海优秀游泳运动员心脏发生耐力力量型生理性重塑，心脏泵血功能显著增强，具有较强的心力贮备，可作为优秀游泳运动员选拔的重要参考指标。 相似文献
2.
低住高练中国家女子中长跑运动员心功能的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探讨低住高练对优秀女子中长跑运动员心功能的影响。结果显示，低氧训练结束后，室间隔舒张末期厚度、左室后壁收缩末期厚度在安静状态下较低氧训练前增加（P〈0．05），左心室收缩末期内径（LVDs）在安静状态及运动负荷的状态下较低氧训练前明显减小（P〈0．05），左心室收缩末期容积（ESV）在运动负荷状态下较低氧训练前减小，左室短轴缩短率（FS）和射血分数（EF）在运动负荷的状态下较低氧训练前增加（P〈0．05）。提示与低氧训练前相比，低氧训练后左心室收缩功能增强，获得良好的心脏适应性。低住高练在某种程度上有利于心力储备功能的增强。 相似文献
3.
目的：探讨经长期高强度训练的优秀女子冰球运动员心脏左心室内舒张期涡流变化。方法：对19例优秀青年女子冰球运动员(运动员组)及19例健康青年女性(对照组)进行常规经胸超声心动图检查,应用血流向量成像技术(vector flow mapping,VFM)在心尖三腔心视图下观察舒张早期(V1)、舒张晚期(V2)内涡流旋转方向、位置、相对持续时间和相对大小。结果：1)常规超声心动图参数：运动员组与对照组相对室壁厚度(relative wall thickness, RWT)、左心室后壁舒张末期厚度(posterior wall thickness in diastole, PWTd)、左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、左心室缩短分数(left ventricular fractional shortening, LVFS)、二尖瓣舒张晚期血流峰值速度(A)均无统计学差异(P>0.05);与对照组相比,运动员组室间隔舒张末期厚度、左心室质量、左心室质量指数、左心室舒张末期内径、左心室舒张末期容积、左心室收缩末期容积、舒张早期(... 相似文献
4.
男速滑运动员经长期的运动训练,在安静时左室形态功能指标ESD(左心室的收缩末内径)、ESV(左心室收缩末期的容积)、EDD(左心室舒张末期内径)、EDV(左心室舒张末期容积)、SV(每搏输出量)、CO(每分输出量)、ET(射血时间)、HR(心率)与一般人有非常显著的差异,EF(射血分值)无显著差异. 相似文献
5.
《湖北体育科技》2018,(9):785-787
目的探讨优秀男子赛艇运动员心脏形态和功能的特征。方法应用超声心动图技术分析31名优秀男子赛艇运动员和13名普通男大学生的心脏形态和功能。结果赛艇运动员心脏结构指标IVSd、relative IVSd、LVPWd、relative LVPWd、LVIDd、LVIDs、RWT、LVM、LVMI高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05),两组间relative LVIDd、relative LVIDs的差异无统计学意义(p<0.05)。赛艇运动员心脏功能指标LVEDV、LVEDVI、LVESV、LVESVI、SV、SI、CO高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05),两组间EF、FS、CI的差异无统计学意义(p>0.05)。结论男子赛艇运动员心脏呈向心性肥大改变,心脏泵血功能显著高于普通人,具有较强的心功能储备。 相似文献
6.
本实验采用心前区阻抗微分图,结合心电图、心音图测定左心室舒张时间间期（DTI）,作为评定心脏舒张功能的指标,检测左心室舒张功能。通过测定和比较体育学院耐力专项大学生和普通大学生在安静和间断性递增负荷运动时,舒张时间间期（DTI）的变化,分析耐力运动对心脏舒张功能特征的影响。结果：（1）安静时耐力组比对照组的IRT小,在相同负荷时,耐力比对照组IRT稍低,结果均无显著性差异。（2）安静时耐力组比对照组的RFT值大（P〈0.05）,同级负荷时耐力组的RFT值显著大于对照组。检测结果,负荷60w、90w、120w时（P〈0.01）,120w时（P〈0.05）。（3）安静时耐力组比对照组的值小（P〈0.01）,在完成相同负荷时耐力组比对照组的SF/RF小,检测结果,前三级负荷时,（P〈0.05）;150w时（P〈0.01）。（4）安静时耐力比对照组的S2-F值大（P〈0.05）,在相同负荷时耐力组比对照组的S2-F大,检测结果,前两级负荷（P〈0.05）,120w,150w时（P〈0.01）。结果提示：经过长期的耐力训练耐力组运动员的心脏舒张功能无论是在安静状态下还是在负荷状态下都强于对照组。 相似文献
7.
应用彩色多普勒声心动仪对12名(男、女各6人)参加冬奥会及世锦赛的我国优秀速滑运动员及对照组红12名(男、女各6人)同龄人进行了定量负荷前后左心室形态、功能及心肌耗氧量的比较研究。结果表明:安静时速滑运动员左心室后壁厚度(WTd)、左室舒张末内径(LVDd)、左心宜收缩末内径(LVDs)、左室舒张容积(EVD)及左室收缩末容积(EVS)等均明显高于对照组(P<0.01);心功能指标CO、CI、HR.EF、△％D组间比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05),而SV、SI则明显高于对照组,说明SV、SI是评定心功能的敏感指标。 定量负荷前后比较,对照组男女WTd、LVDs、EVS均无显著性变化,实验组上述三项指标男女均有显著性变化(P<0.01),即WTdt增厚,LVDs和EVS缩小. 男士对照组除了CO、CI负荷前后有显著性提高外,其它各指标均无显著性变化。男女实验组CO、CI、SV、DF、△％D等负荷前后均有显著性变化(P<0.01)。值得一提的是SI除女子实验组外,其他3组负荷后均有下降趋势,其生理机制仍有待于进一步研究。 相似文献
8.
目的:探讨女性肱动脉血流介导的内皮舒张功能(FMD)随年龄变化特点,及其与体力活动水平的关系。方法:对来自北京市海淀区的20～69岁健康女性405名,放免法测试血清雌二醇(E2)、硫酸脱氢表雄酮(DHEAS)水平,采用日本UNEX高分辨率超声血管内皮功能分析仪,测试肱动脉血流介导的内皮舒张功能相关指标;同时,评估40岁以上女性体力活动水平。结果:随年龄增长,肱动脉内径基线值和血流介导的舒张后内径均增加(P<0.05),尤其40岁以后出现显著增长;60岁以上女性血流介导的内皮舒张功能显著降低(P<0.05),阻断血流再恢复血供时达到最大血流的时间缩短,最大血流速度增大(P<0.05);40岁以上各组血清E2、DHEAS水平下降(P<0.05);与体力活动缺乏或较低组相比,体力活动水平中等或较高者最大血流速度较低(8.13±4.32vs 9.23±5.51m/s,P<0.05);与从不锻炼和偶尔锻炼者相比,经常锻炼者血清E2水平、肱动脉内径基线值和血流介导的舒张后内径均较高(P<0.05)。结论:血管内径基线值的变化在反映血管内皮功能方面具有预警意义,当血管最大舒张能力与基线值的变化不相适应时,出现血管功能障碍;60岁以上女性血管内皮功能出现显著退化,可能与其心血管风险增加有关,雌激素(E2)可能介导随年龄增长血管内皮功能的变化,以及体力活动或体育锻炼对血管内皮功能的保护作用。 相似文献
9.
优秀健美操运动员心功能评定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用超声心动描记技术测定了２０名全国健美操比赛运动员和２０名普通大学生安静时和卧位蹬车负荷运动中的心功能（其中每组男、女生各１０名），负荷分别为５０Ｗ、１００Ｗ、１５０Ｗ，每级负荷３ｍｉｎ，结果表明，运动员组左心室舒张末期直径、每搏量及心输出量均高于对照组，在１５０Ｗ时尤为明显。提示健美操运动可增强心功能。 相似文献
10.
11.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(4):414-421
Abstract Research on possible physiological changes as a consequence of a specific lifestyle and long-term strenuous exercise in boxing has been sparse. We determined plasma and erythrocyte phospholipid (PL) fatty acids (FA) profile of 16 elite amateur male boxers (22.4±3.3 years of age), and compared them with a control group composed of 19 sedentary (24.4±3.4) year-old men. The percentages of total saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monosaturated FA in plasma phospholipids were significantly higher (P <0.001) in boxers compared to the control group. On the other hand, all studied polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in plasma PL with the exception of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5, n–3) and docosatetraenoic acid (DTA, 22:4, n–6) were significantly lower in boxers than in sedentary men. Total PUFA, n–6 PUFA and n–3 PUFA were also significantly lower in boxers (P <0.001), whereas the n–6/n–3 ratio was higher in boxers than in control group (P <0.01). Boxers had significantly higher proportion of all SFA in erythrocyte PL compared to the control group (P <0.05). In addition, the percentage of linoleic acid was lower in boxers' erythrocyte PL than in the control group (P <0.05). The results show two potentially unfavourable main features of the FA profile of boxers, that is, a higher n–6/n–3 ratio in plasma PL and a higher percentage of SFA in both plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids compared to controls. As SFA correlates directly with the incidence of cardiovascular disease and high n–6/n–3 ratio has been shown to stimulate carcinogenesis and modulate inflammation and autoimmunity, this profile could be detrimental to the health of boxers. The mechanism underlying these differences requires further investigation; however the results suggest benefits of nutritional intervention. 相似文献
12.
The development of sport-specific dynamometers is an important step towards ecological validity in analysing athlete performance. Design limitations in previous punch-measuring devices have resulted in values which may not or cannot fully reflect the force and multidirectional components in a punch. In developing this boxing dynamometer, a triaxial force measurement system and a boxing manikin interface were combined. The repeatability and accuracy of the dynamomoter were assessed using simulated straight punches. Discrimination efficacy was assessed by comparison of the maximal punching force of seven elite, eight intermediate and eight novice boxers during simulated boxing, throwing straight punches. For the elite, intermediate and novice groups, respectively, the maximal straight punching forces (mean - s x ¥ ) were 4800 - 227 N, 3722 - 133 N and 2381 - 116 N for the rear hand, and 2847 - 225 N, 2283 - 126 N a d 1604 - 97 N for the lead hand. For all groups, maximal forces were larger for the rear than the lead hand ( P ? 0.001). Maximal punching force was greater in the elite than the intermediate group, and greater in the intermediate than the novice group ( P ? 0.05). The boxing dynamometer discriminated eff ectively between punching performance at three standards of performance and between the punching force of the rear and lead hands. 相似文献
13.
The development of sport-specific dynamometers is an important step towards ecological validity in analysing athlete performance. Design limitations in previous punch-measuring devices have resulted in values which may not or cannot fully reflect the force and multidirectional components in a punch. In developing this boxing dynamometer, a triaxial force measurement system and a boxing manikin interface were combined. The repeatability and accuracy of the dynamomoter were assessed using simulated straight punches. Discrimination efficacy was assessed by comparison of the maximal punching force of seven elite, eight intermediate and eight novice boxers during simulated boxing, throwing straight punches. For the elite, intermediate and novice groups, respectively, the maximal straight punching forces (mean +/- s(mean)) were 4800 +/- 227 N, 3722 +/- 133 N and 2381 +/- 116 N for the rear hand, and 2847 +/- 225 N, 2283 +/- 126 N and 1604 +/- 97 N for the lead hand. For all groups, maximal forces were larger for the rear than the lead hand (P < 0.001). Maximal punching force was greater in the elite than the intermediate group, and greater in the intermediate than the novice group (P < 0.05). The boxing dynamometer discriminated effectively between punching performance at three standards of performance and between the punching force of the rear and lead hands. 相似文献
14.
杨雷 《哈尔滨体育学院学报》2020,(2):92-96
研究目的:探究太极拳锻炼对警察血脂和血管壁弹性的影响效果。研究方法:在哈尔滨市区内招募在职警察105名,随机分为太极组、快走组和对照组,分别于实验前、实验24周后,分别采用Gp O-p Ap法、化学发光法、酶法和浊度法测定血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL);采用科林全自动动脉硬化测定仪,进行踝肱指数(ABI)与肱踝脉搏波传导速度(bapWV)的测量。研究结果:实验24周后,太极组TC含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白比值(TC/HDL)显著低于对照组和快走组(P<0.05);快走组TC/HDL显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。太极组两侧bapWV非常显著低于对照组(P<0.01),快走组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究结论:太极拳锻炼在降低在职警察的总胆固醇含量、总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白比值,以及肱踝动脉的脉搏波传导速度方面优于快走运动,能够有效降低动脉粥样硬化、冠心病等心血管疾病的发生几率。 相似文献
15.
韩跃刚 《山东体育学院学报》2012,28(1):88-91
本研究以第十一届全国运动会拳击预赛和决赛山东和国内优秀男子拳击小级别运动员的部分比赛录像为研究对象,通过文献资料法、专家访谈法、录像分析法、数理统计法和逻辑分析法对山东省男子拳击小级别运动员与国内优秀男子拳击小级别运动员组合拳技术的运用进行对比研究,进而对山东省男子拳击小级别运动员组合拳运用现状进行分析,旨在找出山东省男子拳击小级别运动员在组合拳运用上的特点和差距所在,为今后山东男子拳击小级别运动员的训练提供理论参考依据。 相似文献
16.
目的：观察瑜珈对原发性痛经女大学生子宫血流的影响,为痛经患者瑜伽锻炼提供理论和实践依据。方法：以温州医学院20名原发性痛经女大学生为研究对象,随机分为实验组（n=11）和对照组（n=9）。实验组进行3个月的瑜伽练习,每周3次,每次1h;对照组除了不练习瑜伽,生活和学习规律与实验组相近。运用彩色多普勒超声仪在实验前、实验2个月和实验3个月分别检测受试者月经来潮24h内子宫动脉和弓状动脉的阻力指数（RI）、搏动指数（PI）、血流峰值比（S/D）的变化;同时对实验前和实验后痛经疼痛程度进行评分。结果：2个月瑜伽锻炼后,实验组弓状动脉S/D值显著低于实验前（P〈0.05）;3个月锻炼后,实验组弓状动脉S/D、RI、PI,子宫动脉S/D、RI以及疼痛程度都较实验前下降（P〈0.05）,其中,弓状动脉RI、PI和子宫动脉S/D、RI还低于实验2个月（P〈0.05）。与对照组比较,实验组弓状动脉RI显著降低（P〈0.05）。结论：瑜伽运动可降低子宫血管血流的阻力,改善子宫血液循环,有助于缓解痛经症状。 相似文献
17.
Cardiac structure and function in weight trainers, runners, and runner/weight trainers 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
B A Elias K E Berg R W Latin M B Mellion P J Hofschire 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》1991,62(3):326-332
The purpose of this study was to describe and compare cardiac structure and function in adult male weight trainers, runners, and those who do both activities. Subjects had actively participated in the various training programs for the previous five years. Age ranged from 28.4 to 31.3 years in the three groups. Echocardiography was used to assess selected heart diameters, volumes, indices of contractility, and thicknesses, while VO2 max and percent body fat were measured using standard methods. Heart structure and function were expressed in absolute terms and relative to total body weight. An alpha level of .05 was used in all comparisons. Results indicated the runners demonstrated significantly greater relative LVIDd, LVIDs, and LVPW than the weight trainers. The runner/weight trainers possessed significantly greater relative LVIDd, LVIDs, LVPW, IVS, and LVEDV than the weight trainers. No significant differences, absolute or relative, existed between the runner and runner/weight trainer groups in any of the myocardial structure and function variables. It was concluded that men who run or run and weight train have similar structural and functional characteristics of the heart and possess greater relative internal diameter and left ventricular wall thickness than men who only weight train. 相似文献
18.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(6):475-484
Abstract Boxing is a sport that comprises a wide variety of integrated offensive, defensive and counter-attack skills performed in an unpredictable environment. Mastering the variety of complex motor skills (CMS) that are required in a boxing match allows the player to employ the best motor performance in most positions of the actual game. This study aimed to assess the associations between implementing CMS versus simple motor skill (SMS) training and the subsequent changes in physical, technical and technical performance effectiveness (TPE) variables in junior boxers. We employed an experimental design that comprised two groups (each 20 males, mean age = 15.22±0.62 years). For 12 weeks, intervention boxers received CMS training, while controls received traditional SMS training. Physical, technical and TPE variables were measured before and after the training programs. Although the two groups were of similar abilities at baseline, there were statistically significant differences (P<0.05) between the intervention and control boxers in the post measures, to the advantage of the intervention group. In terms of absolute (i.e. differences in) or relative (i.e. ratios of) improvements, the intervention group exhibited more favourable values across the variables, and better performance. Developing CMS of junior boxers could contribute positively to their physical and technical abilities, and enhance their TPE. 相似文献
19.
对影响拳击运动员赛前心理状态因素的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以国家拳击队、北京体育大学拳击队、浙江省拳击队运动员为研究对象，着重对拳击运动员赛前心理状态进行研究，旨在使拳击运动员能形成赛前良好的心理状态，取得最佳的比赛成绩。 相似文献