共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 567 毫秒
1.
以北京、江苏和广东三省市企业、高校和研究机构科技经费投入数据为样本,实证分析中国区域创新系统主体间协同模式的省际差异。研究发现,北京属科研院所主导协同型,科研院所经费投入对企业经费投入有带动作用;江苏属企业主导协同型,企业经费投入对高校和科研院所经费投入有带动作用;广东属企业主导但协同不足型,企业科技经费投入与高校和科研机构投入之间有效协同不足。并针对不同区域特点,提出促进创新系统主体间有效协同的政策建议。 相似文献
2.
Olof Hallonsten 《普罗米修斯》2017,35(1):21-35
The third sector of national innovation systems comprises non-academic, publicly owned R&D organizations that complement universities and private-sector firms and are normally called ‘research institutes’. Scholarly attention to these organizations has been scarce, partly a consequence of the theoretical imbalance in favor of conceptualizations of innovation processes as requiring mainly universities, private-sector firms, and governmental authorities to occur and succeed. Similarly, while this third sector often makes up a significant share of national innovation systems, it receives less attention in national research and innovation policy than do, say, universities. This paper argues that the role(s) and function(s) of third sector research institutes deserve to be mapped and analyzed in greater detail in order to understand how various organizational actors interact to produce innovation. From a comprehensive literature review and basic analysis of three institute groups in three Nordic countries, the paper makes a first preliminary analysis of the topic. While this analysis yields some interesting conclusions, its main function is to point the way for future studies. In these, other actors in the system should be investigated in thorough empirical studies, armed with tools from classic sociological systems theory that enhance the conceptual strength of the innovation systems framework and enable the acknowledgement of the role(s) and function(s) of several important organizational actors, not least research institutes. 相似文献
3.
新能源汽车产业产学研合作专利分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
后经济危机时代,新能源汽车作为中国战略新兴产业之一,在加快转变经济增长方式、振兴中国传统汽车制造业上扮演着极其重要的角色。本文通过对该领域整体发明专利和产学研联名专利的对比分析,得出结论:中国新能源汽车领域最初的研究主体是高校及科研院所,随着该技术的产业化、市场化,有更多的企业加入到新能源汽车技术的研发之中;日本和美国的公司表现出较强的研发能力,中国企业研发能力有限,企业与高校的合作在加强,与科研院所的合作力度降低;企业自主研发与产学研联合研发所侧重的技术领域有所不同,高校和科研机构的技术热点也存在差异。 相似文献
4.
This paper explores the determinants of R&D cooperation in Japanese start-ups. Using a sample from an original survey conducted in 2008, we examine the effects of founder-, firm-, and industry-specific characteristics on R&D cooperation by type of partners. Our findings indicate that founder-specific characteristics such as educational background, prior innovation output, and affiliation to academic associations are fairly important in determining R&D cooperation with academic institutes (universities and public research institutes). We also provide evidence that founders’ prior innovation output and work experience have positive and significant effects on R&D cooperation with business partners. With respect to firm-specific characteristics, it is found that firms investing more in R&D tend to engage in R&D cooperation, regardless of the type of partners. Furthermore, it is found that independent firms are less likely to cooperate in R&D with academic institutes than subsidiaries and affiliated firms. 相似文献
5.
6.
本文通过检索Incopat数据库获取了中国高校及科研院所高铁专利数据,以中国32家高校和科研院所为样本,选取了11个专利评价指标,运用因子分析法对实证样本进行了综合评价。研究结果发现中国高校及科研院所高铁技术创新能力差距较大,且在技术创新整体水平、技术创新平均水平和技术创新管理这三个方面发展不均衡。针对这一结果,本文提出了提高中国高校及科研院所高铁技术创新能力的建议。 相似文献
7.
We find that the public funding of academic research and venture capital have a complementary relationship in fostering innovation and the creation of new firms. Using panel data on metropolitan areas in the United States, from 1993 to 2002, our analyses reveal that the positive relationships between government research grants to universities and research institutes and the rates of patenting and firm formation in a region become more pronounced as the supply of venture capital in that region increases. Our results remain robust to estimation with an instrumental variable to address potential endogeneity in the provision of venture capital. Consistent with perspectives that emphasize the importance of an innovation ecosystem, our findings point to a strong interaction between private financial intermediation and public research funding in promoting entrepreneurship and innovation. 相似文献
8.
We analyse the impact of R&D cooperation on firm performance differentiating between four types of R&D partners (competitors, suppliers, customers, and universities and research institutes), and considering two performance measures: labour productivity and productivity in innovative (new to the market) sales. Using data on a large sample of Dutch innovating firms in two waves of the Community Innovation Survey (1996, 1998), we examine the impact of R&D cooperation in 1996 on subsequent productivity growth in 1996–1998. The results confirm a major heterogeneity in the rationales and goals of R&D cooperation. Competitor and supplier cooperation focus on incremental innovations, improving the productivity performance of firms. University cooperation and again competitor cooperation are instrumental in creating innovations generating sales of products that are novel to the market, improving the growth performance of firms. Furthermore, customers and universities are important sources of knowledge for firms pursuing radical innovations, which facilitate growth in innovative sales in the absence of formal R&D cooperation. 相似文献
9.
This paper investigates domestic and foreign innovating firms’ determinants of R&D collaboration with domestic universities and public knowledge institutes in Finland and the Netherlands. We put particular emphasis on the impact of incoming academic spillovers on the probability to co-operate with these public R&D institutes.Based on data from Community Innovation Surveys we find that foreign firms in the Netherlands are less likely to co-operate with domestic public knowledge institutions than domestic firms, while in Finland no significant difference can be detected. Another result is that incoming knowledge spillovers are an important determinant for R&D collaboration with domestic public knowledge institutions in both countries. In case of foreign firms in Finland, incoming knowledge spillovers affect the probability to co-operate with public knowledge institutions more positively compared to domestic firms. For the Netherlands no substantial difference could be found in this respect. Further, innovating firms in Finland that require academic or basic knowledge do not co-operate significantly more with public knowledge institutions than those that need applied knowledge. At the same time they are willing to share knowledge with public R&D partners. In the Netherlands innovating firms that require relatively more basic than applied knowledge, increase the probability of co-operation with Dutch universities and public knowledge institutions but there is reluctance to share proprietary knowledge with public R&D partners. For both countries no significant difference between foreign and domestic firms with regard to academic knowledge requirements could be found. This raises the issue whether Finnish innovation policies with a strong focus on R&D co-operation provide incentives for strategic behaviour by domestic public partners to put more emphasis on applied research. 相似文献
10.
高等职业学院是我国高等学校的重要组成部分，近年来得到了长足的发展。然而其科研活动却大多处于起步阶段，同科研型大学及教学科研型大学的科研管理模式不同，高职学院的科研管理有其自身的特点，如何培育、管理高职学院的科研活动是每个职业学院都面临的问题。本文根据高职学院科研管理的特点，结合我院科研管理的实践，对高职学院科研管理的模式进行了分析探讨。 相似文献
11.
Hiro Izushi 《Research Policy》2003,32(5):771-788
Recent studies of US industrial modernisation programmes argue that difficulties of establishing long-term relationships with users prevent them from facilitating development of innovation capabilities. The paper supports this argument through a survey of Japanese research institutes the US programmes were modelled on. In view of information asymmetries in their use, it tests the hypothesis that small and medium-sized firms start using the research institutes with ‘low information gap’ services and gradually move on to ‘high information gap’ services that often require more absorptive capacity. This is demonstrated both under one-to-one relationships and between groups of firms and a research institute. 相似文献
12.
A long stream of academic literature has established that public funding towards research and development matters for economic growth because it relates to increases in innovation, productivity and the like. The impact of public funding on the creation of new firms has received less attention in this literature despite theoretical constructs that support such association. In the present paper we study whether indeed there is a relationship between public research funds and local firm births in the context of the U.S. biotechnology industry. In doing so, we introduce a number of changes that strengthen the robustness of our findings when compared with existing literature. These changes include a direct measure of research expenditures and a considerably lengthier longitudinal dataset which allows us to capture a structural relationship and not a chance event. We empirically demonstrate that increases in the level of research funding from the National Institutes of Health towards biotechnology associate with increases in the number of biotechnology firm births at the Metropolitan Statistical Area level. Further, we reveal that public funds towards established firms associate with local firm births considerably more strongly when compared with funds towards universities and research institutes/hospitals. We conclude the paper with academic and policy implications of the present work that highlight the complexity of factors that underlie the creation of local firms in high technology industries. 相似文献
13.
14.
企业与高校、科研院所之间的产学研专利合作是中国通信技术创新与发展的重要抓手。本文采用社会网络分析法,以3年为间隔构建2002—2017年中国通信技术产学研专利合作网络,并对专利合作总体状况、网络节点中心势、网络结构特征以及网络演化进行分析,发现产学研合作专利总数不断增长,但与境外单位的专利合作数量呈不断减少态势;高校已经成为通信技术领域技术研发及专利合作的“领头羊”;专利合作网络趋于复杂,网络中“小团体”数量逐渐增多,但不同团体之间的合作交流壁垒逐渐加剧,小世界网络特性逐渐削弱。最后,从政府、企业、高校和科研院所三个方面提出产学研专利合作相关建议,希望能够促进通信技术进一步发展。 相似文献
15.
我国企业技术能力提高的外部知识源研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过理论研究,深入探讨企业在技术能力演化过程中三个不同阶段的外部知识源特征;然后,通过实例分析,比较几个我国典型企业的外部知识源特征,归纳出两种基本的知识源模式,为我国企业开展技术创新提供可沿引的模式和可借鉴的经验。 相似文献
16.
论政府在“政产学研金介”战略联盟中的角色定位与功效发挥 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
事实证明,产学研合作发展到今天已不仅仅是产学研三方的简单结合,而需要政府、金融机构、科技中介机构的介入,形成新型战略联盟来促进合作的进一步深入。论文构建以企业、高校、科研机构为主体层,金融机构和科技中介结构为支撑层,政府为组织层的政产学研金介战略联盟基本架构。分析政府在政产学研金介战略合作不同阶段所应扮演的不同角色。提出政府应进一步发挥功效,形成资金、政策法律、中介机构、利益风险等多方位的保障体系的具体措施。 相似文献
17.
Literature on the economics of science and technology (S&T) suggests not only that technological innovation demands the expansion of the institutional borders between universities, research institutes, industrial companies and the financial system, but also that science leads as well as follows technology. Medical innovation in particular is very dependent on scientific research, which represents a source of information that impels the productive sector. The latter introduces a series of questions that motivate the researchers in their attempt to understand how the human body reacts to certain products and therapies. This paper analyses the pattern of S&T interaction for both the national system of innovation (NSI) and the health innovation system. The panel data and simultaneous equations models analyze the interaction between S&T. The theory about the existence of a mutual dependence between them has been confirmed, which means that science moves technology and technology also influences scientific development. The estimated models, which use data from scientific papers and patents as proxies of science and technology, represent just the tip of the iceberg called NSI, known as a multifaceted and complex institutional arrangement. 相似文献
18.
本文着重探讨了:为什么产学研结合的技术创新必须以企业为主体,并提出了四种相应的主要创新形式;创建企业内生研发机构和提升其竞争力是实施自主创新战略的当务之急;产学研结合创新成功的关键在利益机制设计。 相似文献
19.
TRIZ理论推广层面及模式的探讨 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
论述了如何在高等院校、企业和科研院所三个群体中推广与应用TRIZ理论。在TRIZ理论推广与应用过程中,高等院校主要起到人才培养与创新理论再研究的作用,科研院所应用TRIZ理论拓展思维、寻求技术关键问题解决方案,并为企业创新提供技术支撑,而TRIZ理论的成功应用与否主要取决于其在企业中应用的实效。实现高等院校、科研院所与企业三个群体共同推广应用TRIZ理论,将是建设创新型四川乃至创新型国家的重要途径。 相似文献
20.
产学研协同创新的理论模式 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17
积极推动企业与大学及科研院所之间的深度合作与协同发展,是实现中国自主创新的新思考,也是建设创新型国家的关键,因此,有关产学研协同创新的研究具有重大的理论意义和实践价值。文章提出针对“战略—知识—组织”三重互动的产学研协同创新模式,探索构建初步的产学研协同创新的理论框架。 相似文献