共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 984 毫秒
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洪明 《乐山师范学院学报》2024,(3):125-133
对在广东省内396名孤独症儿童父母进行问卷调查。结果表明：（1）孤独症儿童父母创伤后成长水平为中等偏上;（2）孤独症儿童的症状越轻、家庭收入越高,其父母的创伤后成长水平越高;本科（含）以上学历父母创伤后成长水平显著高于大专（含）以下学历的父母。（3）初婚父母的创伤后成长水平显著高于非初婚（再婚、离异、丧偶）父母;（4）社会支持、安静自我、心理资本与创伤后成长两两间呈显著正相关。朋友支持、乐观和包容性认同能够显著正向预测创伤后成长,朋友支持有最大的解释力。 相似文献
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本文主要了解流动儿童的父母教养方式、自尊及二者相关程度,为父母教养子女提供有效依据和指导。采用父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)和自尊量表(SES),对某流动人口子女学校36年级的262名流动儿童进行调查研究。结果表明:不同性别、年级与是否是独生子女之间的自尊水平不存在显著差异;不同年级与性别之间的父母教养方式存在显著差异;自尊水平与情感温暖、理解呈显著正相关,与惩罚、严厉、拒绝、否认呈显著负相关,偏爱与自尊呈正相关。流动儿童自尊与父母教养方式存在显著相关,父母应该重视儿童的自尊需要,采取积极的教养方式关注和支持孩子。 相似文献
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《临沂师范学院学报》2016,(4):113-119
孤独症患儿的父母罹患心理危机与障碍的可能性高于正常儿童的家长,其中,焦虑是孤独症儿童家长的普遍心理.研究以罗杰斯个人中心治疗理论、认知疗法理论和新行为主义为理论基础,设计了孤独症儿童家长焦虑团体辅导方案,并将活动方案实施于11名孤独症儿童家长组成的团体,共进行8次团体辅导干预.研究结果表明:团体辅导对孤独症儿童父母的焦虑问题是一种行之有效的干预模式,对降低孤独症儿童父母的焦虑水平具有显著效果. 相似文献
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本研究主要通过问卷调查分析智障儿童学习活动支持程度的特点。通过研究发现,不同性别、年龄、家庭所在地、父母受教育水平、家庭序列的智障学生在基本学习活动、自我决定活动、健康与安全活动所需支持程度差异不显著;不同家庭社经水平的智障儿童在自我决定活动、健康与安全活动所需支持程度差异不显著,但在基本学习活动上差异显著;不同智力水平在基本学习活动、自我决定活动所需支持程度差异显著,但在健康与安全活动方面差异不显著;不同适应行为水平的智障儿童在自我决定活动、健康与安全活动所需支持程度差异显著。 相似文献
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为了解父母外出务工初中生的焦虑现状,探讨家庭功能、领悟社会支持对其焦虑水平的影响,本研究采用Spence儿童焦虑量表简版、家庭功能量表、领悟社会支持量表对801名初中生进行调查研究。结果显示：与父母无外出务工的初中生相比,父母外出务工初中生的焦虑水平偏高;平衡型家庭功能的初中生焦虑水平低于中间型和极端型家庭功能的初中生;领悟社会支持在家庭功能和焦虑水平之间起中介作用。研究结果表明提高父母外出务工初中生的家庭功能和领悟社会支持水平有利于改善其焦虑状况。 相似文献
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目前,我国大陆缺乏孤独症儿童家庭社会支持量表,本研究改编并检验适用于大陆孤独症儿童家庭社会支持量表,使修订后的孤独症儿童家庭社会支持量表具有良好的信效度,且条目表述适用于评估大陆孤独症儿童家庭的社会支持水平.通过对中国特殊儿童评估与干预平台(ALSOLIFE)上注册的650名自闭症患儿父母,在知情、同意且确定其儿童被确诊为孤独症谱系障碍的前提下施测,并以亲职愁苦量表和照顾者积极感受量表作为校标,检验其校标效度.在2周后,对样本中的60名孤独症儿童家长再次施测该量表,以评估量表的重测信度.结果显示修订后的孤独症儿童家庭社会支持量表符合心理测量学的要求,可作为评估中国大陆孤独症儿童家庭社会支持的有效工具. 相似文献
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段宝军 《宁波大学学报(教育科学版)》2014,(5):15-19
采用儿童孤独感量表和儿童社交焦虑量表,以3-6年级留守儿童为对象进行调查研究。结果发现:(1)3-6年级留守儿童的孤独感在性别变量上无显著差异。(2)父母双方外出打工的留守儿童孤独感显著高于父亲外出打工的留守儿童,与母亲外出打工留守儿童的孤独感无显著差异。(3)3-6年级留守儿童的孤独感在年级变量上的差异显著,随着年级升高,孤独感得分随之降低。(4)3-6年级留守儿童的孤独感与总体社交焦虑及其各因子呈显著正相关,总体社交焦虑和社交回避对孤独感具有显著的联合预测作用。 相似文献
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为了探讨留守儿童心理健康状况及影响因素,采用自编的留守儿童的基本情况调查表和心理健康诊断测验(MHT)对467名留守儿童和341名非留守儿童进行问卷调查。结果显示:留守儿童在对人焦虑、孤独倾向、过敏倾向和冲动倾向上与非留守儿童存在显著的差异(P<0.01),在学习焦虑和身体症状上与非留守儿童差异比较显著(P<0.05);是否与兄弟姐妹生活在一起、留守儿童的年级、代养人类型、父母外出时间长短、留守儿童的性别对留守儿童的心理健康水平有一定的预测作用(R2=0.382)。从而得出结论:留守儿童的整体心理健康状况低于非留守儿童;影响留守儿童的心理健康水平的因素有:是否与兄弟姐妹生活在一起、年级、代养人类型、父母外出时间长短及性别。 相似文献
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江西省75例孤独症儿童的现状调查 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
本研究对75例江西籍孤独症儿童进行调查,分析其在基本信息与家庭情况、求医诊断、治疗康复、生活学习等方面的现状,调查结果表明:(1)本次调查的孤独症儿童城镇比例大、男童远多于女童,父母职业较稳定,文化程度相对较高,家庭收入情况多数不佳。(2)孤独症儿童家长自身建设待加强,康复训练的及时性与持续性不足。(3)教育系统配套措施与满足孤独症儿童入学需求尚存差距。(4)社会支持系统对孤独症问题介入不足。对此提出普及孤独症及相关发育障碍知识、提高家长自身素质、将孤独症教育落到实处、为成年孤独症人士建立社区精神康复机构、构建完善的社会支持系统等建议。 相似文献
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We investigated the contributions of stressful life events and resources (social support and social problem-solving skills) to predicting changes in children's adjustment. At Time 1, 361 third through fifth graders completed measures of social support and social problem-solving skills. Their parents completed a stressful life events scale and a child behavior rating measure. The children's teachers provided ratings of behavioral and academic adjustment. 2-year follow-up data (Time 2) were obtained for approximately half of the sample on the same measures. Time 1 stressful life events and resources showed some significant but modest zero-order correlations with the Time 2 adjustment indices. Hierarchical multiple regressions revealed prospective effects for Time 1 social support on later teacher-rated competencies and grade-point average. In addition, increases over time in social support and social problem-solving skills (a composite score) were significantly related to improvement in behavioral and academic adjustment, whereas stressful life events were not predictive of adjustment. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of child physical maltreatment (CPM) in children with autism aged 2–5 years in Henan province (China), and to explore the risk factors for severe CPM in these children. This cross-sectional study was performed at the Psychology Clinic of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between September 2012 and September 2013 with 180 parents of children with autism. Children and parents had no history of any cognitive therapy. The childhood autism rating scale (CARS) was used to evaluate the severity of autism in children. Data on parental CPM during the past 3 months were collected from parental self-reporting. Logistic regression was used to investigate the risk factors of severe CPM. CPM was self-reported by 88% of the parents of children with autism. One hundred and fifty four of these cases were in the minor CPM group (86%) and 64 in the severe CPM group (36%). Most cases of severe CPM were unlikely to have caused injury. Univariate analyses showed that child's age (p = .018), age started to speak (p = .043) and CARS score (p = .048) were associated with severe CPM. Child's age (p = .011) and CARS score (p = .041) were independently associated with severe CPM. The risk of severe CPM increased with age and CARS score. Our findings showed that CPM is widespread in families of children with autism in Central China and more knowledge should be provided to parents of children with autism, particularly in cases of severe autism (those with high CARS scores). 相似文献
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采用修订后的看护人教养方式问卷、社交自我知觉问卷、儿童社交焦虑量表对方便取样得到418名农村留守小学生、179名非留守学生进行调查,探讨留守儿童家庭教养方式、社交自我知觉与社交焦虑的关系。结果表明：（1）留守儿童与非留守儿童之间的社交焦虑、社交自我知觉不存在差异,留守儿童的社交自我知觉从五年级开始显著提高。六年级的高社交焦虑组的人数多于四五年级。（2）留守儿童的支持温暖主要来自母亲,惩罚拒绝来自父亲。父辈和祖辈教养介于父母之间。（3）看护人的支持温暖与过分干涉通过社交自我知觉对留守儿童的社交焦虑起部分中介作用。支持温暖与社交自我知觉反向预测社交焦虑,惩罚拒绝、过分干涉正向预测社交焦虑。 相似文献
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Deciding on a secondary school for children with autism is notoriously difficult for parents. While current UK legislation emphasises the choice that parents of children with special educational needs should have in educational decision-making, there is a dearth of research in this area, which means that little is known about how parents come to make decisions about secondary school placements and the types of support, if any, they receive from professionals. The present study aimed to determine the factors that immediately influence secondary school choice for young people with autism in one London local authority from the perspectives of multiple informants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents of children with autism (n?=?7), young people themselves prior to secondary school entry (n?=?6), parent advisors (n?=?5) and secondary school professionals (n?=?5). Parents emphasised the anxiety and burden of the decision-making process. There was, however, substantial agreement among adult groups on the factors necessary for a successful secondary school placement: a nurturing, flexible and inclusive environment that emphasised both academic and life skills. Few adults, however, mentioned the importance of children's social relationships – a factor that featured prominently in the reports of young people. These findings highlight both the different perceptions of those involved in making decisions about the educational placements of children with autism and the challenges associated with weighing up these potentially conflicting perspectives. More work is needed to ensure both that information is transparent and accessible to all parents and that young people are actively involved in decisions that ultimately affect their lives. 相似文献
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为探讨工作压力、社会支持和焦虑的关系,并检验社会支持的调节作用,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)和大学教师工作压力量表调查369名高校教师。发现:工作压力与焦虑存在显著的正相关(r=0.445,p0.01);在控制了性别、年龄、教龄和职称后,主观支持和客观支持都可以显著的预测焦虑(β=-0.122,p0.05;β=-0.152,p0.05);主观支持对工作压力与焦虑的关系存在显著的调节作用(β=-0.122,p0.05)。压力是焦虑产生的重要原因、社会支持可以有效缓解焦虑、主观支持能调节工作压力和焦虑的关系,支持了缓冲器模型。 相似文献
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This study was undertaken to examine the social perceptual skill deficit theory in explaining the low peer acceptance of children with learning disabilities. The quality of tests measuring social perception was also examined. Thirty 9- to 12-year-old children with learning disabilities and a matched control group were given two measures of social perception: a laboratory task and a behavior rating scale. The behavior rating scale was completed by the children's teachers. In addition, the Peer Acceptance Scale (Bruininks, Rynders, & Gross, 1974) was administered to assess peer status. Results showed that the children with learning disabilities differed significantly from their nondisabled peers on each of the three measures-the children with learning disabilities obtained lower social perception and peer acceptance scores. However, the relationships between sociometric status and social perception varied as a function of task. A small but significant correlation wa found between the behavior rating scale and peer status. The laboratory task was not correlated with either the behavior rating scale or peer status. Results are discussed in terms of the psychometric properties of laboratory versus naturalistic measures of social perception and the importance of establishing the external validity of social skill measures by correlating them with outcome measures such as peer status. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: This study had three main objectives: First, to assess physically abused children's perceptions of teacher, peer, and family support; second, to determine whether the levels of perceived support differ according to the person's social role; and third to assess which sources of social support show stronger associations with adjustment in a physically abused sample. METHOD: Perceived social support from teachers, families and peers was assessed in a sample of 37 physically abused children using a shortened version of the Survey of Children's Social Support (Dubow & Ullman, 1989). Child adjustment was indexed by child and parent reports of child depression, anxiety, and anger. RESULTS: Analyses indicated that the children rated their families, peers, and teachers highly as sources of social support, with families being rated as the most important source. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that perceived peer support was significantly negatively related to children's and parent's reports of children's depression and anxiety. Furthermore, perceived family support was significantly negatively associated with child reported depression. No significant relationships were found between perceived teacher support and symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the results suggest that peer and family support are particularly important for physically abused children's psychological functioning, particularly for internalizing problems. 相似文献