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1.
学术自由是现代大学精神的重要内涵 ,通过对学术自由问题研究的回顾和展望 ,全面展示了学术自由的发展历史 ,揭示了学术自由的含义以及学术自由与大学自治、学术责任之间的关系。 相似文献
2.
学术自由是大学发展内在逻辑的需要,大学自治是学术自由的制度性保障,在社会发展的进程中,学术自由与大学自治日益趋于制度化、规范化。 相似文献
3.
Siseko H. Kumalo 《Higher Education Quarterly》2021,75(1):175-188
Interrogating the White Paper 3 of 1997 which upholds academic freedom, institutional autonomy and public accountability, I make the case for justice through higher education using public accountability. I argue that the higher education system in South Africa is capable of fulfilling such a role in the context of extreme injustices but not without a critical engagement of the extent and causes of these injustices and an understanding of their implications for academic curricula, practices and deeply embedded conceptions of knowledge. A redefinition of higher education institutions' public accountability in terms of responsibility to their ‘institutional locale’ or community (the populations whose needs they should be meeting) can be an effective ‘proactive tool’ with which higher education can redress social injustices. This requires an interrogation of the social, political and economic conditions of possibility that either inhibit or aid educational desire and attainment. An investigation of this nature entails a rigorous reappraisal of all three of the key principles within which higher education systems operate—academic freedom, institutional autonomy and public accountability—if they are to guard against the continued perpetuation of epistemic and social injustices. 相似文献
4.
张爱芳 《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》2006,5(4):66-68
大学自治和学术自由既是西方大学的悠久传统，也是现代大学的核心理念，二者有着相通的内在基础和密切联系。学术自由是大学自治所追求的最终鹄的，自治是大学保护学术自由免受外部侵犯的制度屏障。但是从另一方面看，大学自治与学者个人的学术自由又并非完全一致，在某些方面甚至相互冲突。 相似文献
5.
论"学术自由"理念的现代意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
高秀琴 《扬州大学学报(高教研究版)》2004,8(5):12-14
学术自由产生于思想自由，其精神实质是一种人性的体现。现代高等教育在学术自由理念支配下取得了辉煌的成绩。学术自由与学术责任是一对辩证的范畴，学术自由必须承担学术责任。学术自由弘扬批判精神和张扬个性，为创造性提供精神氛围。学术自由体现以人为本，最终是实现人的全面发展。 相似文献
6.
Michael Herriman 《Interchange》1983,15(1):82-93
Conclusion I have argued that there are two ways of looking at academic freedom: as personal or individual and as institutional. The
idea of personal freedom was seen to be difficult to justify as a special prerogative of academics, and in the Australian
situation where it is appealed to, it is as much used to justify ill-treatment of the academic by his or her colleagues as
it is to defend a precious right. The situation in respect of institutional academic freedom was seen to be different. It
was claimed that the unique structure of the Australian university system together with the conflict with a centralized government
over governance and power resulted in serious challenges to this less definable sense of freedom.
Institutional academic freedom is seen to be threatened in a way that will possibly both change universities permanently and
significantly undermine traditional educational ideals, especially those that have to do with intrinsic values. 相似文献
7.
This study analyses why and how academic inbreeding as a recruitment practice continues to prevail in Japan, a country with
a mature higher education system, where high rates of academic inbreeding endure in most of the research-oriented universities
in spite of several higher education reforms. Based on a qualitative analysis, we disclose three characteristics that lead
academics to become inbred at Japanese universities. One characteristic—the adoption of “open recruitment processes” in detriment
of “closed recruitment processes”—changed over time, limiting academic inbreeding practices, but two other characteristics
remained unchanged over time: the “one university learning experience” and the “concentration of doctoral supervisors at the
same university”. These latter characteristics represent difficult challenges to be tackled as they are also traditional characteristics
of the Japanese higher education system. The research also shows that academic inbreeding practices are a means to assure
organizational stability and institutional identity, features perceived as important by Japanese universities. A central challenge
for the Japanese universities is then to guarantee these features without needing to rely on academic inbreeding practices
to obtain them. However, devising policies to meet this challenge calls for institutional will to change, proactive strategies
and time. 相似文献
8.
关于学术自由与学术责任的相关性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
学术自由和学术责任是大学中一对永久性的话题 ,在一个民主比较发达或者始终致力于民主制度建设的社会里 ,学术自由与学术责任之间的对称与均衡构成了有利于学术发展的张力。大学的责任就是在这种张力中确保必要的平衡 ,传承文明 ,追求真理 ,并对人类社会忠诚与负责 相似文献
9.
大学发展与大学制度创新 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
促进大学发展，建设世界高水平大学是中国高等教育改革的主要目标。从本质上，大学发展是自主的发展，政府和社会必须给予大学确定自己行动路线的自由和自主办学权力，但要把这种自由和权力转换为促进大学发展的机制，还必须有赖于一整套制度创新。鉴于我国长期来的外控制度传统，从外控制度向自主制度转换，对于促进我国大学发展更具有特殊意义。 相似文献
10.
Ylli Vejsiu 《Higher Education in Europe》1995,20(4):235-237
Although founded in 1972, the Albanian Academy of Sciences was subjected to strong political and ideological control until after 1990. Its academic freedom and autonomy were recognized by law in 1994. The Academy has been very much concerned with rehabilitating the fields of the social sciences, particularly Albanian history and Albanian studies in general. 相似文献
11.
学术劳动力市场的特性与研究型大学的教师聘用制度 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
阎凤桥 《北京大学教育评论》2005,3(3):64-69,88
与非学术劳动力市场相比,学术劳动力市场受到更多社会制度和规范的约束,表现在学术人员的工作具有更大的保障和稳定性、学术人员工资的变动弹性较小。在学术劳动力市场机制的作用下,研究型大学形成了特殊的教师聘用制度。以终身教授制为代表的教师聘用制度,既具有保护学术自由的制度含义,也具有提高效率和激励作用的经济含义,是制度和效率有机作用的结果。在借鉴大学管理的国际经验、建立中国现代大学治理结构时,设计一个兼顾社会制度与效率因素的教师聘用制度是关键所在,而我国目前缺少办学自主权是制约大学学术自由和效率提高的瓶颈。 相似文献
12.
Simon Marginson 《高等教育研究与发展》1997,16(3):359-369
In the conventional liberal view, the university is a battleground between two mutually exclusive qualities: government intervention; and academic freedom and institutional autonomy. While tensions between government and the academic domain are inherent in the modern university, the conventional view is seriously misleading. Far from being naturally “outside” government, the modern university is a product of government and serves the purposes of government, though it also has other constituencies and purposes. Conventional academic freedom is a state of regulated autonomy in which the freedom of academics in teaching and research is necessary to the discharge of their normal functions, but these functions are exercised within boundaries controlled by government and management. The installation of systems of market competition in higher education extends the terrain of this regulated autonomy, while also highlighting the problem of standardisation in the global environment. It is possible to achieve more independent forms of academic freedom though these are difficult to sustain in the present environment. Independence tends to be enhanced by solidaristic (non‐competitive) relations inside the university, and by the practice of vigorous social criticism. 相似文献
13.
美国大学学术自由演绎的文化视角 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
从文化视角分析美国大学学术自由的演绎进程,可以看出,就精神文化层面而言,崇尚自由是美国大学学术自由发端的动力;就传统文化层面而言,实用主义是美国大学学术自由的主流价值取向;就组织与制度文化层面而言,专业组织、法规条例以及协商制度是美国大学学术自由的外部保障与规范;就道德文化层面而言,学术责任与学术道德是美国大学学术自由的内部反省与自律.美国大学学术自由在精神文化中产生,在文化冲突与演绎中不断发展. 相似文献
14.
The leadership roles of pro‐vice‐chancellors (PVCs) in the United Kingdom and elsewhere have evolved markedly over the last three decades while universities have been encouraged to shift towards more executive styles of leadership and decision‐making. The change does not only reflect changing institutional needs, however, but an accommodation of deeper historical continuities around institutional autonomy and academic values. Most PVCs are drawn from the ranks of professors; typically have an Oxbridge, London or big civic background; and most are male. The role gains authority through influence, rather than command, and depends on academic experience and credibility to be effective. PVCs maintain a complex corporate‐academic web balancing two, sometimes contradictory, roles: one firmly academic, concerning cross‐institutional responsibility for core academic values and mission; the other more bureaucratic or executive, focusing on the burgeoning demands of accountability. The research cautions against a simple model of executive leadership. Understanding the needs of academic leadership and the contours of its practices remains paramount. 相似文献
15.
关于当代大学精神的思考 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
从现代性理论视角考察大学精神,当前尤其需要强调的是个性、学术和责任。克服大学现代性危机的思路可以表达为:平等与宽容、创新与超越、大学自治与学术自由。只有在此基础上,才能保持大学精神的永恒性,发展和创造大学的新功能。 相似文献
16.
FRANÇOIS TAVERNIER 《European Journal of Education》2004,39(4):497-505
Since 1968, according to the French higher education law, elected students must participate in the different academic boards in every university. As trustees, they must formulate opinions about the institutional policy. Moreover, they must deliberate on equal terms with teachers. According to a common discourse, this democratic activity is still considered as a nonsense because of some students’ structural weaknesses: very low turnout at the elections of their representatives, very high absenteeism rate of these miselected representatives and incapacity to formulate responsible and pragmatic proposals. This students’ uselessness in the academic participatory governance process would come from a post‐modernist air du temps: youth apathy, individualism, democratic societies’ crisis . . . In accordance with the scientific questioning about the contemporary processes of political communication, I propose an alternative set of explanations focused on the spirit and practices which rule French academic boards. I assume that the development and improvement of student participation are also limited by endogenous factors that are closely linked with the functioning of the academic boards. I propose an ethnographic analysis of a French university board. I compare the elected students’ absenteeism to the others members’ (teachers, staff members and guests) attendance rates. Then I study the cultural patterns which structure the interactions. Discursive freedom would be the sine qua non condition of academic autonomy and the structural explanation of weak student participation by teachers. 相似文献
17.
“学术自由”是指大学的学术人员在进行学术活动时争取最小程度地受外来强制的权利。一方面，为了知识与真理的缘故，大学需要学术自由。另一方面，根据自由与责任相对应的原理，享受了学术自由权利的大学，还应该履行自由的责任，包括社会责任及维护学术自由应履行的责任。 相似文献
18.
ACADEMIC FREEDOM IN EUROPE: REVIEWING UNESCO'S RECOMMENDATION 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ABSTRACT: This paper examines the compliance of universities in the European Union with the UNESCO Recommendation concerning the Status of Higher–Education Teaching Personnel, which deals primarily with protection for academic freedom. The paper briefly surveys the European genesis of the modern research university and academic freedom, before evaluating compliance with the UNESCO recommendation on institutional autonomy, academic freedom, university governance and tenure. Following from this, the paper examines the reasons for the generally low level of compliance with the UNESCO Recommendation within the EU states, and considers how such compliance could be improved . 相似文献
19.
论我国大学学术自由精神的培育 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
袁广林 《山西财经大学学报(高等教育版)》2006,9(3):16-19
大学组织是学术性组织,追求真知、修正谬误、坚持真理、捍卫理想和正义、传递高深知识是现代大学的使命。大学与社会其他部门有不同的运行逻辑,学术自由是大学实现其使命的“护身符”,是大学进行任何创新活动的先决条件。要实现大学的学术自由,首要的是培育和弘扬学术自由的精神。为此,在大学学术活动中,正确认识学术发展的规律是前提,解放思想、解除禁锢、形成争鸣讨论的机制是关键,完善学术制度、实现大学自治是保证。 相似文献
20.
彭雪明 《乐山师范学院学报》2013,(7):111-115
高校教师从事的是学术职业。基于学术职业和学术职业主体地位的高校组织的特点,高校教师管理具有自身的特征：严格学术标准、强调学术自治、遵循学术自由、重视学术成就与声望等。 相似文献