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以纳米能源领域2001—2018年的专利数据构建知识网络和研发组织间的创新合作网络,检验研发组织的知识资源的两个维度与创新绩效的关系以及网络知识异质性的调节作用.研究发现,研发组织的知识组合能力正向影响创新绩效,研发组织的知识多样性与创新绩效呈倒U型关系;创新网络中的知识异质性负向调节知识组合能力对创新绩效的影响,正向调节知识多样性与创新绩效的倒U型关系. 相似文献
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基于我国信息技术产业171家企业2007—2016年间申请并授权的专利数据,采用负二项回归模型实证检验反映产学研合作网络小世界性的两个指标——平均路径长度和聚集系数对企业创新的影响,以及知识基础宽度的调节效应。研究结果显示:较短的产学研合作网络平均路径长度有利于企业创新的提高,而网络聚集系数与企业创新呈倒U型关系;知识基础宽度正向调节平均路径长度与企业创新的负向关系,负向调节聚集系数与企业创新的倒U型关系。 相似文献
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《科学学与科学技术管理》2017,(4)
内部知识组合是企业知识创新的重要前因。企业知识基础的一致性与多样性分别从知识组合的难易程度与新知识组合的机率对企业知识创新产生正向影响。同时,研发人员之间的合作关系所形成的合作网络也影响着企业知识组合的特征,其中合作网络的密度与程度中心势从不同方向影响关系网络中异质知识的进入与员工的认知共识。因此,知识基础与合作网络的结构特征可能对企业知识创新有交互影响。通过分析中国20家汽车行业上市公司2000年到2015年申请的24 175个发明专利数据,发现企业知识基础的一致性与多样性正向影响知识创新,企业内部合作网络密度负向调节了企业知识基础一致性、多样性与知识创新的关系,网络程度中心势正向调节知识基础一致性与知识创新的关系。最后,就创新型企业的研发管理对策和相关理论展开了讨论。 相似文献
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基于吸收能力理论,通过研发合作,企业可以提高其自身的创新效率。本文以深圳中小板上市企业为样本,研究了研发合作是否促进了企业创新绩效的提高？竞争性研发合作和非竞争性研发合作的作用效果是否存在差异？实证结果表明,竞争性研发合作和非竞争性研发合作在研发投入与专利产出之间都起到了正向调节作用,并且,非竞争性研发合作的调节效应要强一些。 相似文献
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本文通过对106家中国上市企业在2009—2018年的面板数据进行多元回归分析,探讨了知识距离和企业知识基础的交互匹配对企业绿色创新的影响机制,以及网络密度在其中的调节作用。研究发现,拥有多样化知识基础的企业,嵌入到低知识距离联盟中更有利于企业绿色创新;而拥有专业化知识基础的企业,嵌入到高知识距离联盟中更有利于企业绿色创新。松散网络抑制了专业化知识基础和高知识距离的组合对企业绿色创新的正向效应,但改善了专业化知识基础和低知识距离的组合对企业绿色创新的影响,其调节效应在一段时间后可持续;紧密网络强化了专业化知识基础和高知识距离的组合对企业绿色创新的影响,以及多样化知识基础和低知识距离的组合对企业绿色创新的正向效应,其调节效应随着时间推移而减弱。本文有助于识别企业绿色创新的最优内外部知识配置和网络结构,为提升我国企业绿色创新效果提供理论参考。 相似文献
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创新网络技术多元化知识基础与企业创新绩效 《科学学研究》2022,40(9):1698-1709
在新一轮科技革命浪潮下,企业组建创新联合体成为大势所趋。合作创新网络中的多元化技术已经成为企业创新的关键外部资源,但关于创新网络技术多元化如何影响企业创新绩效的研究仍然缺乏,且现有研究往往忽略企业内外部资源的不同组合对企业创新绩效可能产生的差异性影响。文章融合社会网络理论、知识基础理论与动态能力理论,依据信息技术产业上市公司联合申请专利数据构建合作创新网络,采用面板数据随机效应负二项回归法,从个体网络视角分析创新网络技术多元化影响企业创新绩效的权变因素与内在机制,检验了一个被中介的调节效应模型。研究结果表明：创新网络技术多元化正向影响企业创新绩效;企业知识基础深度正向调节创新网络技术多元化与企业创新绩效的关系,而企业知识基础宽度的调节效应并不显著;企业知识基础深度对创新网络技术多元化与企业创新绩效关系的调节通过吸收能力的中介实现。研究结论对企业技术创新具有重要的理论及现实指导意义。 相似文献
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以ICT产业专利为数据基础,基于社会网络视角,构建2487家企业的专利引用网络,从知识吸收与知识扩散两个维度探究专利引用网络结构要素对企业创新绩效的影响。同时,剖析联系强度这一关系要素在知识流动与企业创新绩效关系间起的调节作用。实证结果表明：知识吸收广度和知识吸收深度对企业创新绩效有正向影响;知识扩散广度和知识扩散深度对企业创新绩效具有负向影响;联系强度正向调节知识吸收深度与知识扩散深度对企业创新的影响,但对知识吸收广度、知识扩散广度与企业创新绩效之间的关系没有起到预设的调节作用。 相似文献
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This paper analyses whether complementarity and substitutability of knowledge elements are key determinants of the firm's inventive performance, in addition to the more conventional measures of knowledge stock and diversity. Using patent data from 1968 to 2002 in the semiconductor industry, we find that the overall level of complementarity between knowledge components positively contributes to firms’ inventive capability, whereas the overall level of substitutability between knowledge components generally has the opposite effect. Yet a relatively high level of substitutability is found to be beneficial for explorative inventions. These results suggest that a firm's inventive capacity significantly depends on its ability to align its inventive strategies and knowledge base structure. 相似文献
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整合知识基础、知识结构、知识转移和嵌入性视角,探究企业间知识兼容性对企业知识创造绩效的作用机理,利用239份来自我国制造及高新技术企业的调查问卷检验研究假设.结果 表明,(1)企业间知识兼容性正向影响企业知识创造绩效.(2)元素和架构知识转移完全中介于企业间知识兼容性与企业知识创造绩效之间.(3)经济型关系质量正向调节企业间知识兼容性与元素知识转移之间的关系,且经济型关系质量越强,企业间知识兼容性越通过元素知识转移促进企业知识创造绩效.指导合作创新参与企业发挥企业间知识和关系对自身知识创造的促发作用,借助企业间不同结构的知识转移,加速自身向知识创造型企业的转变. 相似文献
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ARL: An adaptive reinforcement learning framework for complex question answering over knowledge base
《Information processing & management》2022,59(3):102933
Recently, reinforcement learning (RL)-based methods have achieved remarkable progress in both effectiveness and interpretability for complex question answering over knowledge base (KBQA). However, existing RL-based methods share a common limitation: the agent is usually misled by aimless exploration, as well as sparse and delayed rewards, leading to a large number of spurious relation paths. To address this issue, a new adaptive reinforcement learning (ARL) framework is proposed to learn a better and interpretable model for complex KBQA. First, instead of using a random walk agent, an adaptive path generator is developed with three atomic operations to sequentially generate the relation paths until the agent reaches the target entity. Second, a semantic policy network is presented with both character-level and sentence-level information to better guide the agent. Finally, a new reward function is introduced by considering both the relation paths and the target entity to alleviate sparse and delayed rewards. The empirical results on five benchmark datasets show that our model is more effective than state-of-the-art approaches. Compared with the strong baseline model SRN, the proposed model achieves performance improvements of 23.7% on MetaQA-3 using the metric Hits@1. 相似文献
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将专利引进划分为排他式引进与非排他式引进.基于技术追赶理论视角,比较研究不同引进方式对企业自主创新绩效的影响,并验证引进企业自身知识基础的中介作用以及引进专利知识特征的调节作用.运用2006-2019年间沪深上市的高新技术企业的专利数据进行实证检验.结果 表明,专利引进对企业自主创新绩效有倒U型关系影响,排他式专利引进比非排他式专利引进对企业自主创新绩效提高的影响更大,企业知识基础在其中起中介作用;同时,企业知识基础较弱时引进专利知识异质性在非排他式专利引进与企业自主创新绩效之间起正向调节作用. 相似文献
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Science and Technology Studies (STS) is one of a number of new research fields to emerge over the last four or five decades. This paper attempts to identify its core academic contributions from the perspective of the authors of chapters in authoritative ‘handbooks’ and the references they cite. Besides identifying the most prominent publications, institutions and authors, we examine whether the core contributions can be broken down into identifiable clusters. The study also analyses the impact of these contributions by exploring the research fields, journals, and geographical location of the researchers that have cited the STS core contributions in their own work. Together, these analyses reveal a number of phases in the development of STS with periods of convergence and divergence of the field, including the gradual separation of quantitative studies of science and technology from the main body of STS. The paper ends with some conclusions about the evolution of STS, such as the role of ‘institution builders’ in developing new research fields and the structures required to hold them together. 相似文献
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Martijn Burger Spyridon Stavropoulos Shyaam Ramkumar Joke Dufourmont Frank van Oort 《Research Policy》2019,48(1):248-261
This paper examines the opportunities and risks of employment, skills and education that are related to a circular economy (CE) in the United States. Combining occupational skills and education data with a newly introduced definition of CE employment, we compare circular- and non-circular-oriented occupations in terms of skills and abilities. Building on the seminal paper by Consoli et al. (2016) and looking at all occupations within a broad range of CE-related industries, we detect and address heterogeneity in job requirements within the CE. We distinguish core activities within CE employment – focusing on renewable energy, repair, re-use of materials and the sharing economy – from enabling activities, which are focused on management, design, and ICT-applicability of the CE. While core CE-activities generally require more manual and technological skills, enabling activities, in contrast, require more complex cognitive skills. Neither core nor enabling CE sectors, however, are entirely cohesive in terms of skill requirements. Part of the education and skills demand is identifiably driven by ‘circularity’, particularly with regard to technical skills for the core of the CE. This may require specific education and training programs for future development of the CE. 相似文献
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Frequent requests from users to search engines on the World Wide Web are to search for information about people using personal names. Current search engines only return sets of documents containing the name queried, but, as several people usually share a personal name, the resulting sets often contain documents relevant to several people. It is necessary to disambiguate people in these result sets in order to to help users find the person of interest more readily. In the task of name disambiguation, effective measurement of similarities in the documents is a crucial step towards the final disambiguation. We propose a new method that uses web directories as a knowledge base to find common contexts in documents and uses the common contexts measure to determine document similarities. Experiments, conducted on documents mentioning real people on the web, together with several famous web directory structures, suggest that there are significant advantages in using web directories to disambiguate people compared with other conventional methods. 相似文献
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Can the knowledge base of an economy be measured? In this study, we combine the perspective of regional economics on the interrelationships among technology, organization, and territory with the triple-helix model, and offer the mutual information in three dimensions as an indicator of the configuration. When this probabilistic entropy is negative, the configuration reduces the uncertainty that prevails at the systems level. Data about more than a million Dutch companies are used for testing the indicator. The data contain postal codes (geography), sector codes (proxy for technology), and firm sizes in terms of number of employees (proxy for organization). The configurations are mapped at three levels: national (NUTS-1), provincial (NUTS-2), and regional (NUTS-3). The levels are cross-tabled with the knowledge-intensive sectors and services. The results suggest that medium-tech sectors contribute to the knowledge base of an economy more than high-tech ones. Knowledge-intensive services have an uncoupling effect, but less so at the high-tech end of these services. 相似文献
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Strategic alliances are important channels for interfirm learning, especially for small firms that are resource constrained. Of the several alliance attributes, technological distance between partners (measured as the distance between partners’ innovative outcomes) is shown to have a significant influence on the learning benefits from strategic alliances. Drawing upon the theory of recombination, our study argues that the influence of technological distance on learning is best understood by not only measuring the distance between innovative outcomes, but by also taking into consideration the knowledge elements underlying the innovative outcomes. We develop a concept of knowledge base homogeneity that captures the extent to which the innovative outcomes of partnering firms draw upon similar sets of knowledge elements. Using patent and alliance data from 201 small biotechnology firms during the period 1996–2010, we confirm that the technological distance has an inverted u-shaped relationship on interfirm learning. We further demonstrate that this u-shaped relationship is moderated by the knowledge base homogeneity between partners, such that benefits of technological distance are enhanced and the costs of technological distance are mitigated when the knowledge base homogeneity between alliance partners is high. The results have important implications for interfirm learning, especially in the context of small firms that are limited in their knowledge stocks. 相似文献