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1.
财政转移支付是协调政府间财政分配关系的基本手段,其目标是实现各地区间社会公共服务水平的大致均等。本文从对我国政府间财政转移支付制度进行现状考察入手,系统分析了现行政府间财政转移支付制度在结构和功能方面存在的主要问题,然后在此基础上初步探讨了进一步完善我国财政转移支付制度的基本思路。 相似文献
2.
县乡政府特别是中西部县乡负有巨额债务在我国已属客观事实,而中央和省级财政财力雄厚,因此体现了以政府间财力差异均衡化为目标的转移支付制度存在问题.以解决县乡财政困境为目标,应该制定《财政转移支付法》,落实责任;明确划分事权,基础教育由各级财政共同承担;弱化税收返还的非均衡化作用. 相似文献
3.
我国现阶段政府转移支付制度方式的简要分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
吴萌 《内蒙古科技与经济》2006,(9):2-4
政府转移支付制度是公共财政的重要内容,也是政府保持地区均衡、实现社会公平的重要手段。本文通过对我国现阶段政府转移支付方式的简要分析,指出支付方式不甚合理,政府间事权财权不甚明晰,并且杀乏权威的法律约束,从而系统的阐述了解决问题的方向,即不但要从制度本身进行根本性变革,还要进行相关的配套改革。这对于形成公平、合理的转移支付制度,处理中央政府与地方政府间的财政分配关系具有十分重要的现实意义。 相似文献
4.
基于财政均等的中国政府间转移支付制度优化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
虽然近年来中央财政对地方转移支付的绝对额随着经济发展水平的提高而不断增长,但实证分析的结果表明,中国地区间财政能力差距却日益扩大.为了缩小地区间财政差异,有必要对作为财政均等化主要手段的转移支付制度加以改进,逐步弱化目前以税收返还加专项资金配套为主的转移支付模式,构建以均等化为目标的转移支付体系.为使改革方案在政治上具有更高的可接受性,可以设定中央对地方资金返还的最小数额,并根据不同地区的财政能力加以适当调整. 相似文献
5.
县乡政府特别是中西部县乡负有巨额债务在我国已属客观事实,而中央和省级财政财力雄厚,因此体现了以政府间财力差异均衡化为目标的转移支付制度存在问题。以解决县乡财政困境为目标,应该制定《财政转移支付法》,落实责任;明确划分事权,基础教育由各级财政共同承担;弱化税收返还的非均衡化作用。 相似文献
6.
本文给出了研究宏观公共财政理论的财政分权框架，回顾了利用该框
架所得到的结论，同时在一个包含政府公共开支、政府公共资本积累、政府税收和政府间转
移支付的模型中给出了政府税收、转移支付与经济增长的关系，从而得到政府最优税收、最
优转移支付和最优的政府公共开支结构。 相似文献
7.
作为政府财政之间多种重要处理手段,财政转移支付制度的重要性不言而喻。但是目前我国的财政转移支付制度中还存在一定的问题,需要积极采取措施加以应对。现本文就通过分析财政转移支付制度的实施现状和存在的问题,来探讨其相应的解决对策。 相似文献
8.
分析对口支援与分税制下财政均衡之间的关系,并对<汶川地震灾后恢复重建对口支援方案>进行了实证分析,认为该方案体现了财政均衡的理念,对口支援的本质是地方政府间的横向转移支付.同时指出我国应将这种临时件措施上升到法律层面,变成一种长效机制. 相似文献
9.
以河北省为例,通过对2008年和2007年有关数据的实证分析,探究现行财政转移支付政策的主要影响因素和政策取向,认为对地方既得利益的考虑是影响河北省财政转移支付政策的决定性因素。在此基础上,财政转移支付政策对人口密度低的地区、标准财政供养人口比例高的地区和民族自治县有所照顾,具有一定的均等化效应。但同时也对人均财政收入高的地区倾斜,存在非均等效应。整体呈现渐进性的改革特征,政策取向仍是维护地方既得利益,而不是均等化。由于过度地考虑既得利益,财政转移支付对地方政府财政努力产生了反向激励作用。并提出相关政策建议。 相似文献
10.
基于1994—2016年中国22个省份的面板数据,分别采用动态面板空间、合成控制法等估计方法,本文开拓性地考察了财政转移支付对区域技术转移的影响。研究发现,财政转移支付对地区技术转移存在显著的积极影响,且其对西部大开发地区的影响效果更加突出;在空间分布上,财政转移支付对技术转移的影响存在空间自相关性,财政转移支付增加会显著提高相邻地区技术转移水平。同时,为了弥补传统计量估计的缺陷,以2000年西部大开发政策为出发点,本文运用合成控制法直观地分析了财政转移支付对区域技术转移的影响。研究表明,在2000年实施西部大开发之后,西部大开发9省份的技术转移较控制组省份的技术转移增长更快,且在2002年后西部大开发9省份的技术转移平均水平超过了控制组省份,说明政府财政转移支付能够有效缓解西部大开发地区与非西部大开发地区技术发展不平衡态势,一定程度促进了西部大开发地区技术转移。西部省区的比较发现,以西部大开发政策为代表的财政转移支付对贵州省、甘肃省的技术转移的促进作用更加明显。 相似文献
11.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
12.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
13.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
14.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
15.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
16.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
17.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
18.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence 相似文献
19.
Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3):267-268
<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese 相似文献
20.
WANG Sijia 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(2):192-194
<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages. 相似文献