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1.
结合训练实践,运用ISOMED2000等速测试仪对我国男子散打主力队员膝、肘关节屈伸肌群肌力特征进行测试与分析。结论:不同等级散打运动员肘关节屈伸肌群等速向心、离心收缩、膝关节伸肌群等速离心收缩相对峰力矩值在60°/s、180°/s时具有显著性差异(P<0.05);膝关节屈伸肌群等速向心收缩、屈肌群离心收缩相对峰力矩值在各角速度下具有显著性差异(P<0.05);不同等级散打运动员肘、膝关节屈伸肌群等速向心收缩在300°/s、离心收缩在240°/s时达到力矩梯度最大值,且差异显著。说明基础力量、中快速力量及快速动作爆发力能较好地反映专项运动水平,相对峰力矩、力矩梯度数值越大,专项水平越高。  相似文献   

2.
目的：探讨优秀男子举重运动员肘关节屈伸肌群等速肌力特征及变化规律,为专项力量训练及同类研究提供理论参考。方法：采用美国CYBEX-Norm770型等速力量测试系统,测评山西省男子举重队7名现役运动员不同角速度下(30°/s、180°/s、)肘关节屈伸肌群等速肌力相关参数。结果：1)男子举重运动员双侧肘关节屈伸肌PT/BW随测试速度增加整体上呈现下降趋势(30°/s→180°/s);在同一测试速度下,右侧伸肌PT/BW显著高于左侧(P<0.05)。2)男子举重运动员双侧肘关节F/E随测试速度的增加而增大,测试速度为30°/s时,右侧肘关节F/E偏低仅为66%。3)男子举重运动员双侧肘关节屈伸肌AP随着测试速度的增加而增大。测试速度为180°/s时,右侧屈伸肌AP显著高于左侧(P<0.05)。结论：1)山西省优秀男子举重运动员双侧肘关节屈伸肌的肌力发展不均衡,右侧伸肌最大力量、快速力量显著大于左侧。运动员需要加强左侧肱三头肌、肱肌等伸肌的力量训练;同时在技术训练时,注重两侧肢体用力的对称性,实现双侧肘关节肌群均衡发展。2)未来研究应进一步确定优秀举重运动员AP下降的速度阈值,并...  相似文献   

3.
为了解我国高水平女子散打运动员不同赛前时期膝关节屈伸肌等动力量的水平与特征,选择上海体育学院女子散打运动员19名作为研究对象,选取整个赛前集训中一个周期的训练作为训练周期,按经典分期理论进行训练分期。等速肌力的测试采用CONTREX等动测试系统,以向心和离心60°/s的恒定角速度下进行右膝关节测试,同时测试0.2s快速屈伸时的最大伸肌力矩。研究结果:优秀女子散打运动员屈肌相对峰力矩值是(1.13±0.15)Nm/kg,伸肌相对峰力矩值为(2.11±0.33)Nm/kg,屈伸肌力矩比值是(53.0±4.0)%,比赛期达到最高值。健将级女子散打运动员的0.2s最大相对屈肌力矩为(1.053±0.207)Nm/kg,伸肌相对最大力矩健将级为(1.795±0.295)Nm/kg。结论:运动员水平越高,膝关节屈肌力量越高,屈伸肌力矩比值越大,不同赛期屈肌力量不同,比赛期达到最高。  相似文献   

4.
目的:分析浙江师范大学投掷训练队优秀运动员腰背肌的生物力学特征,探讨投掷运动员的成绩与腰背屈伸肌群力量的关系,为投掷训练和易受伤部位的预防提供理论依据。方法:利用德国Isomed2000等速肌力测试系统进行核心力量等速肌力测试,测试严格按照Isomed2000等速测试系统使用手册的要求进行操作。结果:优秀投掷运动员腰背屈伸肌群等速向心收缩峰力矩随测试速度(30°/s~180°/s)的增加大体呈递减趋势,且随着角速度的增大,优秀投掷运动员的腰背屈伸肌群等速向心收缩峰力矩下降幅度(斜率K:伸-0.884小于屈-0.655)比普通人(K:伸-0.275小于屈-0.035)小,且优秀投掷运动员伸肌最大峰力矩的下降幅度要比屈肌小;在角速度为30°/s到120°/s时,最大功率随着给定角速度的增大而增大,在180°/s时又有所减小;腰背屈伸肌群峰力矩的角度在30°/s到180°/s时伸肌55.5°~58°大于屈肌的54.5°~56.25°,随着角速度的增大,大体呈上升趋势,在30°/s时峰力矩角度最小。  相似文献   

5.
我国优秀青少年女子跳高运动员膝关节等速肌力特征研究   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  
通过对18名二级以上青少年女子跳高运动员左右两侧膝关节进行等速测试,探析青少年跳高运动员膝关节向心屈伸肌群的生物力学特性,为运动训练、科学选材及临床康复等提供理论依据。利用Kinitech等速肌力测试系统对青少年女子跳高运动员膝关节进行等速肌力测试,发现青少年女子跳高运动员双侧膝关节屈伸肌群等速向心收缩时的峰力矩随运动速度的增大(60°/s→240°/s)呈减小趋势,在60°/s和120°/s测试速度下同侧肌群表现为伸肌峰力矩明显大于屈肌峰力矩(P<0.05),而240°/s测试速度下则反之,同一测试速度下,左、右侧膝关节屈肌群峰力矩具有显著性差异(P<0.01),峰力矩屈伸比(F/E)随运动速度的增加呈增大的趋势;最大功率随运动速度的增大而增加,同一测试速度下屈肌群与伸肌群最大功率无明显差异(60°/s伸肌除外),达峰力矩的角度表现为伸肌明显低于屈肌,并随运动速度的增加有增大趋势,而伸肌有减小趋势。达峰力矩的时间表现为随速度的增加而减小的趋势,同一测试速度下表现出伸肌大于屈肌;相对峰力矩只有在240°/s运动速度下与大小腿比例(D/X)呈高度负相关。得出结论,青少年女子跳高运动员膝关节屈伸峰力矩变化规律与成年人基本一致,但双侧膝关节屈伸肌群做功能力较弱,应加强下肢肌群的速度力量练习。  相似文献   

6.
目的：对广东省女子手球队运动员肩关节屈伸肌群的力矩特征进行研究,为运动队的训练和科研提供参考。方法：运用CON-TREX人体肌力评估和训练系统并选取60°/s和240°/s对运动员两侧肩关节进行等速测试。结果：肩关节伸肌峰力矩和相对峰力矩值均大于屈肌;受试者肩关节屈伸肌峰力矩比值大都在60%-90%之间;大部分队员肩关节同名肌力矩差值在10%以内。结论：广东女子手球运动员两侧肩关节伸肌群力量大于屈肌;右侧肩关节伸肌群的力量大于左侧;在两种不同测试速度下,受试者肩关节屈伸肌峰力矩比值在合理范围内;大部分队员两侧肩关节伸屈肌力量保持平衡。  相似文献   

7.
运动性肌肉疲劳过程中主动肌与拮抗肌sEMG相干性分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
目的:通过静态疲劳负荷实验过程中主动肌与拮抗肌sEMG的相干性分析探索运动性肌肉疲劳过程中中枢神经系统对主动肌与拮抗肌共神经输入(common neural inputs)同步支配的变化特征。方法:以10名健康男性青年志愿者为研究对象,记录受试者以50%MVC负荷强度静态屈肘运动诱发肌肉疲劳过程中主动肌肱二头肌与拮抗肌肱三头肌的sEMG,为考查疲劳因素对相干性分析结果的影响作用,对记录的sEMG按运动持续时间平均分为两段,分别对两段sEMG进行相干性分析处理。结果:在疲劳负荷实验过程中,肱二头肌与肱三头肌MF指标随运动持续时间表现出显著性的单调递减变化趋势。从相干性分析结果看,在beta频段和gamma频段内,运动后半段肱二头肌与肱三头肌sEMG相干函数值要明显小于运动前半段,而tremor频段内无显著性差异。结论:在50%MVC静态负荷屈肘运动致肌肉疲劳过程中,随着负荷运动持续时间的增加,中枢神经系统对主动肌肱二头肌与拮抗肌肱三头肌共神经输入同步支配下降,这可能是由于主动肌与拮抗肌脊髓运动神经元兴奋性及运动皮层对脊髓运动神经元激活能力随疲劳发展的下降不同步性及为维持既定的收缩负荷,中枢神经系统对主动肌与拮抗肌运动单位的募集策略采取不同的调节方式造成的。  相似文献   

8.
分析比较不同级别男子跳高运动员膝关节屈伸肌群离心收缩时峰力矩特点及差异。在首都体育学院生物力学实验室,采用德国ISOMED2000等速测试仪,对8名一级男子跳高运动员和8名二级男子跳高运动员膝关节肌群进行等速离心收缩测试,测试角速度60°/s、120°/s、240°/s,指标包括峰值力矩、相对峰力矩(峰值力矩/体重)、峰值力矩屈伸比。研究结果:(1)一级跳高运动员起跳腿膝关节屈、伸肌峰力矩较二级跳高运动员有显著性差异(P<0.05);(2)平均功率随给定运动角速度的增大而增大(P<0.01);(3)离心收缩峰力矩随给定运动速度的增加无显著变化;(4)离心收缩膝关节屈伸肌群峰力矩比值为0.60～0.63之间。结论:跳高运动员膝关节肌群等速测试结果的差异是造成一、二级跳高运动员成绩差异的原因之一。  相似文献   

9.
我国优秀10m跳台男子运动员下肢肌肉力量特征研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以现役国家队4名10 m跳台运动员为研究对象,选取相对峰值力矩为评定指标,通过运用MERAC等速肌力测试系统,测试速度分别是60°/s和240°/s,对跳水运动员下肢髋、膝和踝关节主动肌群(伸肌群)的肌力特征进行综合研究,探讨高水平跳水运动员下肢主动肌群的特征.结果显示,下肢关节相对肌力矩水平高是完成高难跳台技术的基础之一;下肢各关节屈伸比值低,伸肌群力量明显大于屈肌群;动员髋关节快速屈伸的肌群的比例相对较高,而膝和踝关节快速屈伸时动员的肌群相对较少;膝关节左、右侧伸肌群力量接近,髋关节左侧大于右侧;随着测试速度的增加,髋关节在下肢总力矩的百分比增加.  相似文献   

10.
采用ISOMED2000等速测力系统、ME6000无线肌电遥测系统,同步测试优秀跳跃运动员膝关节屈伸肌群在不同速度向心收缩过程中肌肉组织的力学及肌电活动特性.发现,跳跃运动员膝关节屈伸肌群在60°/s、180°/s、300°/s向心用力时力矩、功随着速度增加逐渐下降,而功率随速度增大而增加(P<0.01).sEMG显示,伸肌和屈肌均被最大程度地动员,且伸肌肌电各参数普遍高于屈肌.iEMG随速度增加而下降,RMS、MF和MPF均随运动速度增加而增加.力矩一功率关系以及功率-iEMG关系的相关性分析表明,在快速运动时,功率与力矩呈不显著性相关(P>0.05),而与iEMG呈高度相关(P<0.01).等速测试与肌电结合可作为监测与评价运动员膝关节神经肌肉交互活动的有效方法.  相似文献   

11.
目的:研究我国优秀男子拳击运动员后手直拳出拳击打环节相关肌群的sEMG特征及其相应的运动学变化,为拳击专项力量训练提供参考.方法:通过表面肌电和三维红外高速摄像系统同步测试方法,采集6名高水平男子拳击运动员后手直拳出拳击打环节表面肌电和运动学的相关数据.结果:1)出拳击打环节,肌肉活动顺序为:腓肠肌→股二头肌→三角肌前束→肱三头肌→肱二头肌长头→肱桡肌.2)击打过程中三角肌前束、肱二头肌和肱三头肌肉在相应时间位置上出现明显的预激活和共收缩现象.3)肌肉做功百分比排序为:三角肌前束＞肱三头肌＞股二头肌＞腓肠肌＞肱桡肌＞肱二头肌长头,aEMG计算结果与肌肉做功百分比保持相一致的趋势.4)肩关节、上臂环节质心和拳心速度的峰值在击打过程中呈现次序性.结论:拳击后直拳出拳击打环节所选肌肉活动呈现从下肢向上肢激活的次序性.击打过程中三角肌前束、肱二头肌和肱三头肌肉在相应时间位置上出现的预激活和共收缩现象可能是反映运动员技术水平和特点的指标.在肌肉做功百分比和aEMG方面,三角肌前束、肱三头肌和股二头肌在动作过程中表现出相对重要的地位.上肢相关肌群的活动次序与肩关节、上臂环节质心和拳心速度变化的时序性有着合理的解剖学相关,是产生上肢开放链鞭打动作的根本原因.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

The present investigation verified that strength is improved by a training programme consisting of repetitions of maximal isometric voluntary co-contractions without increasing co-activations during contractions against external resistances. Ten participants performed 12 training sessions (four sets of 6 × 4 second maximal isometric co-contraction of the elbow flexor and extensors, 3 days a week for 4 weeks). Surface electromyograms of triceps and biceps brachii were collected during maximal voluntary isometric elbow flexion and extension against a force transducer. Maximal voluntary isometric force increased significantly after training, by 13.8 ± 6.0% (extension) and 9.6 ± 9.5% (flexion), but the observed increases in EMG of agonist muscles during maximal voluntary contraction were not significant. No significant changes in the levels of co-activation of the elbow flexors and extensors were observed. No significant change was observed for all the parameters in a control group of ten participants. These results indicated that the strength improvements after co-contraction training occur without increases in co-activation level.  相似文献   

13.
ABSTRACT

This study aimed at evaluating the effects of mental and muscle fatigue on table tennis performance. Mental fatigue (MF) was induced by completion of 90 minutes of the AX-CPT; muscle fatigue was induced by completion of an eccentric exercise performed with the elbow flexors (biceps fatigue, BF) or the knee extensors (quadriceps fatigue, QF). The control condition consisted of watching a movie. Stroke parameters (speed and accuracy of the ball), as well as feelings of fatigue and force production capacity of the elbow flexors (BF, MF and control conditions) and knee extensors (QF condition), were assessed pre and post fatigue protocols. Feelings of fatigue increased post fatigue protocols. Force production capacity decreased only in the BF and QF conditions. BF and MF induced a decrease in accuracy. This decrease in accuracy was associated with an increased ball speed in the BF condition, and a decreased ball speed in the MF condition. QF had a negligible effect on stroke performance. Our results suggest that both mental fatigue, and muscle fatigue, significantly impair table tennis performance and therefore coaches should take into account both the physical and mental state of table tennis players to optimize performance.  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

The purpose of this research was to investigate the modifications in the control of the biceps brachii (agonist) and triceps brachii (antagonist) muscles during the learning of two elbow flexion tasks in sixteen college-age women. A positioning and a coincidence task were each performed at 40° and 200° per second angular velocity while bipolar surface electrodes recorded the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the muscles involved. Data on the EMG activity, angular kinematics, and timing and angular displacement error were quantified and subjected to statistical analyses. The results of the error analyses indicated that subjects did learn the various tasks over the 120 trials. Because there were no significant changes in the angular velocity patterns over trials, the EMG activity modifications are suggested to reflect differences in the control of the muscles monitored during the movements. In addition, EMG activity pattern modifications which occurred in discrete portions of the movements in both muscles indicate an increased cocontraction of the opposing muscles as subjects learned the tasks. Temporal periods in which modifications were observed appear to represent the critical periods in each movement task.  相似文献   

15.
王国祥 《体育学刊》2004,11(1):45-48
采用等速运动方式 ,以表面肌电图和血乳酸为指标 ,在 10 %、3 0 %和 50 %MVC三种负荷条件下 ,对肘关节屈伸运动时的肱三头肌、肱二头肌和前腕骨肌的表面肌电图和血乳酸浓度的变化进行了比较分析。结果表明 :(1)肘关节屈伸运动时 ,伸展运动的力矩峰值下降幅度大于屈曲运动。 (2 )以 3 0 %和 50 %MVC负荷强度运动时 ,出现了表面肌电图的MF值逐步下降和血乳酸浓度逐渐增加的现象 ;工作肌群MF下降幅度 ,由大到小依次为肱三头肌 >肱二头肌 >前腕骨肌。 (3 )肱三头肌、肱二头肌和前腕骨肌的表面肌电图的MF变化与血乳酸浓度变化相互比较 ,10 %、3 0 %和 50 %MVC三种运动形式都表现出了非常明显的相关性。实验结果可以说明 ,sEMG作为特异性良好的非损伤性检测手段 ,不但能够直观地反映肌肉的收缩活动 ,还与肌肉组织代谢变化有一定的相关关系  相似文献   

16.
The purpose of this study was to assess the contributions of racket arm joint rotations to the racket tip velocity at ball impact in table tennis topspin backhands against topspin and backspin using the method of Sprigings et al. (1994). Two cine cameras were used to determine three-dimensional motions of the racket arm and racket, and the contributions of the rotations for 11 male advanced table tennis players. The racket upward velocity at impact was significantly higher in the backhand against backspin than against topspin, while the forward velocity was not significantly different between the two types of backhands. The negative contribution of elbow extension to the upward velocity was significantly less against backspin than against topspin. The contribution of wrist dorsiflexion to the upward velocity was significantly greater against backspin than against topspin. The magnitudes of the angular velocities of elbow extension and wrist dorsiflexion at impact were both similar between the two types of backhands. Our results suggest that the differences in contributions of elbow extension and wrist dorsiflexion to the upward velocity were associated with the difference in upper limb configuration rather than in magnitudes of their angular velocities.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

The study investigated different electromyographic (EMG) normalisation methods for upper-limb muscles. This assessment aimed at comparing the EMG amplitude and the reliability of EMG values obtained with each method. Eighteen male tennis players completed isometric maximal voluntary contractions and dynamic strength exercises (push-ups and chin-ups) on three separate test sessions over at least 7 days. Surface EMG activity of nine upper body muscles was recorded. For each muscle, an analysis of variance for repeated measures was used to compare maximal EMG amplitudes between test conditions. The intra-class correlation coefficient, the coefficient of variation and the standard error of measurement were calculated to determine the EMG reliability of each condition. On the basis of a compromise between maximal EMG amplitude and high reliability, the chin-ups appeared to be the optimal normalisation method for M. latissimus dorsi, M. posterior deltoid, M. biceps brachii, M. flexor carpi radialis and M. extensor carpi radialis. The push-ups seemed relevant to normalise M. anterior deltoid and M. triceps brachii activity, while isometric maximal voluntary contraction remained the most appropriate method for M. pectoralis major and M. middle deltoid. Thus, original methods are proposed to normalise EMG signal of upper-limb muscles.  相似文献   

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