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1.
Most health care and social service providers are routinely required to work with elderly clients and clients’ aging family members. Research suggests that students entering these professions have knowledge deficits and lack positive attitudes toward older people. Few prefer to work with aging clients. Professional curricula are not providing students with adequate training to serve the current needs of this population, much less to meet projected increases in demand for services. To examine this issue, 67 master's students in nursing and social work completed questionnaires assessing (1) knowledge about aging, (2) attitudes toward old people, and (3) perceived barriers to gerontological education. Results confirmed the existence of knowledge deficits among respondents. Attitudes tended to be neutral rather than strongly positive or negative. Knowledge scores were related to attitudes, to respondents’ ages, and to their having lived in households with older relatives. Nursing students identified the greatest barriers in gerontological education as insufficient curriculum time and lack of academic role models. Social work students perceived lower status of work with the elderly and limited experience with healthy older people as the greatest barriers. The two groups agreed that fragmentation of services contributes to inadequate gerontological preparation. Findings suggest a need for didactic and experiential learning opportunities, reinforced by appropriate academic role models, for students in service professions.  相似文献   

2.
Having regained independence from Russia in 1990, Lithuania is in the process of developing a social service system to meet the needs of its older citizens. This paper describes the current situation of older persons in Lithuania and the early stages of gerontology education and gerontological service provision in that nation. Future social service providers (n = 22) who participated in one of Lithuania's first gerontological education training programs completed the 17 items of Kogan's Attitudes Toward Old People Scale. Results indicate that future service providers hold generally neutral to positive attitudes toward older persons. The absence of negative attitudes toward older persons among the first generation of Lithuanian gerontological service providers bodes well for the development of gerontology education and services for older persons in Lithuania.  相似文献   

3.
The graying of the American population and the importance of religion in the lives of older individuals suggests that members of the clergy need to be well informed regarding the processes and realities of aging. For several years, gerontologists have been encouraging theological educators to place an increased emphasis on the needs and concerns of older adults in seminary curriculum. The purpose of the present study was to determine what seminaries are currently doing to prepare pastors for ministry with older adults and to compare the findings to a similar study undertaken more than a decade ago. The results of the current study are quite similar to those obtained in the past. Although several schools have added a course focusing on the needs and concerns of older adults within the last 20 years, gerontological content remains a minor consideration among the vast majority of seminaries. The major recommendation of the study is that seminaries need to infuse their curricula with gerontological content in order for their graduates to be adequately prepared for ministry in twenty-first century America.  相似文献   

4.
Based on a geriatric enrichment (GeroRich) effort, this study examines outcomes of infusing aging content across the master of social work (MSW) foundation curriculum. In a longitudinal research design tracking one class, there were no significant changes observed in students' levels of experience and interest in gerontological social work. Significant increases were observed in self-rated levels of gerontological knowledge and practice skills—clinical and macro. Full-time status, less gerontological experience, and higher knowledge predicted greater practice skills at the follow-up. Implications for educating the next generation of social workers to better meet the needs of older adults and their families are discussed.  相似文献   

5.
This article reviews a recent continuing education program held at the University of Western Australia, Perth. The program addressed some of the crucial issues facing professionals in the field of aged services and comprised a one‐day seminar and a series of workshops. It was hosted by the Department of Social Work and Social Administration over a six‐week period and examined a wide range of issues in gerontological social work practice.  相似文献   

6.
This article focuses on the development of education relating to aging in a specific professional education program: social work at the University of Queensland. A brief outline of features of the aged population and services for the aged in Queensland, an Australian state, is given as a background for describing one approach to gerontology education with the University of Queensland social work faculty. The challenges and tasks of curriculum development in relation to gerontology in a generic undergraduate course are described. Specific training in gerontology at a theoretical and practical level is provided through field practicums in an institution for the aged and proposals to extend this to a community‐based practice research program for the aged are outlined. To give a combined approach to social work, current research programs relating to this program — social policy and aging — are described.  相似文献   

7.
This study is based on questionnaire responses of practitioners in agencies in a nine‐county area in Ohio. Data indicate that existing levels of specialized gerontological education are low, but that practitioners tend to be supportive of further training and increased professionalism. Educators should therefore find practitioners receptive to efforts to increase gerontological knowledge and professionalism. There is some contradictory evidence, however, and the question of the desirability of increased professionalism is raised.

This paper is based on data compiled as part of a wider study on aspects of the labor force in the field of aging. The original study was funded by the Ohio Commission on Aging through a grant to the Scripps Foundation Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio.

The author thanks Mildred M. Seltzer for her helpful comments.  相似文献   

8.
The current research assessed Alaskan health and mental health care professionals’ perceptions regarding Alaska's elderly health care services as well as professional educational and training needs. Fifty‐four percent of community professionals sampled indicated that preexisting services in their community were not adequate to meet the needs of the elderly population. In addition, 55% indicated that the knowledge level of community professionals regarding the elderly and the aging process was insufficient and 51% believed they were not well educated in meeting the needs of Alaskan native elders. An overall 91.8% indicted that they were in need of further training in the field of aging and geriatrics. They noted in particular the lack of knowledge and training opportunities in mental health and Alzheimer's disease. The significance of these findings is discussed in terms of the broader social implications associated with meeting gerontological and geriatric education and training needs, as well as the specific education and training problems of Alaskan health care professionals in keeping up with the recent trend of “aging in the last frontier.”  相似文献   

9.
The demographic imperative for geriatric training and care is well documented and comes as no surprise to health care professionals working in the field (see National Institutes of Health, 1987). The dramatic increase in the numbers of elderly, particularly those age 75 and older, suggests that geriatric health care will grow in importance throughout the next decade. This article briefly examines strategies for geriatric education that may have relevance for attempts to formalize and institutionalize geriatric content in academic institutions, and suggests strategies for implementation.

The domains of geriatrics and gerontology have continued to overlap as models of training and health care delivery have evolved. Distinctions between these two perspectives remain important, particularly as they pertain to the emphasis on training related to normal versus pathological aging. For purposes of simplicity, the term geriatric is used in a broad context that includes gerontological education as well. The reality of our educational experiences suggests that a balance between normal and pathological aging content in our curriculum is one of the first crucial variables that needs to be addressed.  相似文献   

10.
Geriatrics, a new medical specialty, is closely linked with scientific research in experimental gerontology, the biology of aging, and social gerontology and gerohygiene. The importance of using gerontological research data and data on relationships between the aged, family, and society is discussed. Emphasis is placed on (1) the development of diseases of the aged, (2) the significance of genetic factors on aging, (3) the relationship between chronological and biological age, and (4) the importance of physiological reactions in the aged to various types of treatment. The significance of international cooperation in the improvement of education and training of medical personnel in geriatrics is also stressed.  相似文献   

11.
Gerontological education is an interdisciplinary process that involves integrating biological, psychological, and sociological issues of aging. In this context, the Ph.D. program in Gerontology at the University of Kentucky has used the following two phenomena as integrating tools in its first year introductory courses: (1) homeostasis, defined as the maintenance of stability, and (2) complexity, a multi-faceted model of system evolution. This paper describes the development of these concepts, gives examples of their use, and summarizes student evaluations concerning the helpfulness of homeostasis and complexity in understanding biomedical and psychosocial issues of gerontology. Formal student evaluation consisted of an objective questionnaire administered at the end of the first year and a subjective written evaluation obtained upon completion of qualifying examinations at the end of the third year. On a scale of 1-10, results of the questionnaire at the end of the first year showed homeostasis to be significantly more helpful in understanding biomedical than psychosocial issues in gerontology (average rating 8.4 versus 5.2, p < 0.05). We attributed the difference to a more implicit than explicit use of homeostasis in the social sciences. Complexity was moderately helpful in understanding both biomedical (7.0) and psychosocial (7.3) issues, but more helpful in understanding their interactions (7.9), albeit differences between these means were not significant. The subjective evaluation by third-year students indicated that homeostasis and complexity were helpful in their gerontological education, and complexity, in particular, played a role in developing their research projects. In summary, results of this study indicate that homeostasis and complexity can be useful integrating tools in gerontological education with the stipulation that care must be taken with homeostasis to point out its applicability to psychosocial issues of aging.  相似文献   

12.
It is expected that the demand for gerontological social workers will increase as the elderly population continues to grow. However, many practitioners enter the aging field with little or no formal training. Successful gerontological social work practice requires workers to be knowledgeable and technically competent. Fieldwork plays a critical role in social work students' development and training. This paper describes a specialized social work practicum which instructs graduate social work students in the skills and abilities required to work in contemporary geriatric practice. The setting for the internship, its format, its major goals, and student experiences are described.  相似文献   

13.
The impact of an inservice program on practitioners’ gerontological knowledge and attitudes was examined. A nonequivalent control group design was used to conduct the study. The experimental group was made up of geriatric recreational service providers attending the first of two annual one‐week inservice educational programs. An outdoor resource management undergraduate level class served as the control group. The experimental group relative to the control group underwent a significant increase in their gerontological knowledge. Neither group experienced a significant change in their attitudes regarding the social value of the elderly or personal anxiety toward aging. The amount of change experienced in gerontological knowledge by program participants was significantly influenced by the degree of contact the individual had had with elders but not by their educational background. Educational background and degree of contact were not significantly associated with change in gerontological‐related attitudes. Implications for persons involved in designing and developing educational programs are discussed.  相似文献   

14.
With the rapid aging of the population, strategies that can be incorporated into the curriculum are needed, including social work and medicine. Over the past 20 years, pedagogical strategies to improve attitudes toward older adults and gerontological practice along with knowledge about aging have been tested. Instructors are seeking methods that are evidence-based; thus, a need for a systematic review of this literature is warranted. For this review, 58 articles met inclusion and were evaluated to determine the best approaches to positively impacting knowledge about, and attitudes toward, older people and gerontological practice. Interventions to change knowledge are the most straightforward with support for aging courses, modules, and infusion approaches. A combination of information with an experiential activity (e.g., service learning) was the most common pedagogical approach; the evidence suggests that this approach can change student attitudes. Addressing gerontological interest appears to be more challenging with fewer studies reporting a positive change. Future research should seek to test additional approaches that may influence student interest in gerontological practice, and additional studies that seek to test online strategies should be conducted, given the prominence of these courses.  相似文献   

15.
A survey of 289 pastors from, three major denominations found that clergy demonstrate a relatively high level of gerontological knowledge in comparison with other reference groups, but that their concepts of aging are affected by a number of consistent stereotypes and inaccuracies that may negatively influence their ministry among older adults. This study addresses the major stereotypes identified by the Facts on Aging Quiz, summarizes gerontological education needs described by the respondents, and draws implications for gerontological training as part of seminary education.  相似文献   

16.
If training programs with older participants can be implemented and evaluated through Title IV‐A of the Older Americans Act, the gerontological community can compare the relative merits of these types of programs with the more typical ones that train younger adults to serve older persons. An emphasis on older participants may be particularly relevant in the 1980s, when career training for younger adults in the human service occupations appears to be less promising. Older participants are more likely to complete training programs and enter part‐time or volunteer work. Studies have found older participants to be competent trainees, effective workers, and likely candidates to improve self‐esteem. However, much work needs to be done in the area of program evaluation. The Institute of Gerontology at the University of the District of Columbia has developed and implemented three training programs with older participants. Two future objectives of the Institute are to evaluate the programs with more rigorous methodologies and to encourage similar programs to be developed, implemented, and evaluated at ofher institutions of higher education.  相似文献   

17.
The study of aging can bridge divisions between biology, social sciences, and humanities, develop an understanding of causal interrelationships, and help in distinguishing between fact and opinion. An introductory course in gerontology should, therefore, be firmly tied to the liberal arts core of higher education, and not merely provide an assembly line of facts. Why particular problems have been investigated is as worthy of discussion as the findings themselves. The practical implications of research deserve emphasis, but the aim of university education is not to train pressure groups. Undergraduates should be helped to appreciate difficulties in designing and interpreting gerontological studies, as well as to realize that they are not yet ready to undertake independent empirical investigations.

The work of the first author is supported by the Canadian National Research Council (APA 89) and the Department of National Health and Welfare.  相似文献   

18.
This article compares the results of a nationwide survey of gerontological counseling experts and a sample of executive directors of Area Agencies on Aging identifying, confirming, and rank ordering the goals and roles of gerontological counselors. The data indicate that a wide gap exists between gerontological counselor educators and administrators of social service programs for the elderly in the priority they ascribe to the goals and roles of counselors of older persons. Social service program administrators, however, indicate that counseling can be readily incorporated into the aging services network as it presently exists.  相似文献   

19.
The Hartford Geriatric Social Work Competency Scale II (GSWCS-II) is the gold standard for assessment of social work competency and confidence in gerontological practice behaviors, but minimal research to date has examined the factor structure of this important instrument. This study employed exploratory factor analysis to determine the underlying structure of the measure's subscales related to assessment and intervention. Results indicate that the Assessment and Intervention subscales each have two underlying components that differentiate between core geriatric competencies necessary for all social workers and competencies required for specialists in aging. Findings have implications for the evaluation of competency and self-efficacy in gerontological social work, furthering the application of the GSWCS-II for both social work education and practice settings.  相似文献   

20.
The multiple and complex needs of the elderly require interdisciplinary collaboration among many different professionals to provide comprehensive care. As a result, educators must develop interdisciplinary programs and learning experiences that address educational needs and facilitate a better understanding of the various roles and expertise of providers from many fields. Using the framework of a program evaluation model, the Charting the Outcomes of Educational and Clinical Approaches model, this article addresses the outcomes and effects of an interdisciplinary approach to continuing gerontological education used by one summer institute on gerontology. Over its 12‐year history, this institute has attracted more than 2,600 participants from many professions and occupations. The interdisciplinary approach of the Summer Institute has been evident in its planning committees, the delivery of diversified programs by a variety of providers, the facilitation of informal networking among registrants, and the organization of group discussions that bring together professionals and learners from different disciplines to communicate and collaborate on mutual concerns regarding aging issues. One theme on case management, which addressed policy and practical issues related to service delivery for the elderly, was presented by representatives from academia, government, the nonprofit service sector, and consumers to an audience of providers from various fields including business, gerontology, health promotion, nursing, occupational therapy, psychology, recreation, social work, and sociology. Thesue cess of the interdisciplinary approach to gerontological education used by the institute has helped to establish McMaster University as a Canadian leader in this field of continuing education.  相似文献   

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