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Chelsea Schelly Jennifer E. Cross William Franzen Pete Hall Stu Reeve 《The Journal of environmental education》2013,44(3):143-161
This case study examines how energy conservation efforts in one public high school contributed to both sustainability education and the adoption of sustainable behavior within educational and organizational practice. Individual role models, school facilities, school governance and school culture together support both conservation and environmental education, specifically through the application of principles from behavior theory, including modeling commitments, values, expectations, and behaviors. In addition, role models with the traits of charismatic leaders can be especially instrumental. In this school, communication is the thread connecting the multiple aspects of modeling, helping to create the synergistic relationship between conservation efforts and environmental education. This study demonstrates that conservation efforts, when modeled successfully in a public school setting, can simultaneously and synergistically meet the goals of conservation and sustainability education. 相似文献
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浅谈营造校园节能建筑 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
魏荣峰 《宁德师专学报(自然科学版)》2006,18(3):290-292,298
阐述了建筑节能的发展，校园建筑节能的重要意义，如何营造节能校园建筑的设计、采用新型建筑材料和科学管理手段和方法，并提出促使校园建筑达到节能标准． 相似文献
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本从电磁系统能量守恒导出全电路欧姆定律，以说明该定律只是一个唯象定律，而不是电磁学理论的基本实验定律。 相似文献
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Luca Guzzardi 《Science & Education》2014,23(6):1269-1291
This paper discusses Ernst Mach’s interpretation of the principle of energy conservation (EC) in the context of the development of energy concepts and ideas about causality in nineteenth-century physics and theory of science. In doing this, it focuses on the close relationship between causality, energy conservation and space in Mach’s antireductionist view of science. Mach expounds his thesis about EC in his first historical-epistemological essay, Die Geschichte und die Wurzel des Satzes von der Erhaltung der Arbeit (1872): far from being a new principle, it is used from the early beginnings of mechanics independently from other principles; in fact, EC is a pre-mechanical principle which is generally applied in investigating nature: it is, indeed, nothing but a form of the principle of causality. The paper focuses on the scientific-historical premises and philosophical underpinnings of Mach’s thesis, beginning with the classic debate on the validity and limits of the notion of cause by Hume, Kant, and Helmholtz. Such reference also implies a discussion of the relationship between causality on the one hand and space and time on the other. This connection plays a major role for Mach, and in the final paragraphs its importance is argued in order to understand his antireductionist perspective, i.e. the rejection of any attempt to give an ultimate explanation of the world via reduction of nature to one fundamental set of phenomena. 相似文献
5.
Manuel Bächtold 《Research in Science Education》2018,48(2):345-367
The question of how to teach energy has been renewed by recent studies focusing on the learning and teaching progressions for this concept. In this context, one question has been, for the most part, overlooked: how should energy be defined throughout schooling? This paper addresses this question in three steps. We first identify and discuss two main approaches in physics concerning the definition of energy, one claiming there is no satisfactory definition and taking conservation as a fundamental property, and the other based on Rankine’s definition of energy as the capacity of a system to produce changes. We then present a study concerning how energy is actually defined throughout schooling in the case of France by analyzing national programs, physics textbooks, and the answers of teachers to a questionnaire. This study brings to light a consistency problem in the way energy is defined across school years: in primary school, an adapted version of Rankine’s definition is introduced and conservation is ignored; in high school, conservation is introduced and Rankine’s definition is ignored. Finally, we address this consistency problem by discussing possible teaching progressions. We argue in favor of the use of Rankine’s definition throughout schooling: at primary school, it is a possible substitute to students’ erroneous conceptions; at secondary school, it might help students become aware of the unifying role of energy and thereby overcome the compartmentalization problem. 相似文献
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How to improve students' understanding of energy transformation and conservation remains one of the main challenges of energy teaching. To address this challenge, we developed a new teaching strategy suited to high school based on history and philosophy of science (HPS). It involves five key ingredients: study and reproduction of Joule's paddle-wheel experiment, introduction of Rankine's definition, study of a historical text of Joule, use of an “ID card of energy,” and early introduction and multiple application of the principle of energy conservation. This strategy was built and implemented in the frame of a collaborative and iterative work involving researchers and teachers. We examined the effects of this HPS-based teaching strategy on students' understanding of energy. We used a quantitative method based on pre- and post-tests (N = 95/87) completed by a qualitative analysis using both video recordings of classroom activities and videos produced by students during one of the teaching sequences. The outcomes show that the teaching strategy had an overall positive impact on students' learning of energy: in particular, Joule's paddle-wheel experiment seems to favor their understanding of the notion of energy transformation, while the early introduction and multiple application of the conservation principle appears as a relevant option to facilitate its mastering. This study illustrates how HPS might actually be introduced in classrooms and brings to light its usefulness for building new science teaching strategies. 相似文献
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本文主要针对大强度运动过程中无氧代谢消耗非蛋白供能物质的计算方法进行探讨。由于机体内部能量代谢的过程复杂,所以仅从能量守恒理论出发,根据气体代谢法在能量代谢中的应用对大强度运动过程机体能量代谢的物质量及能量进行计算,并对计算结果进行相关的检验与探讨。 相似文献
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吕成学 《沈阳教育学院学报》1999,1(1):100-103
本文通过能级相关理论、前线分子轨道理论,论述了对称性方法在化学反应中的应用,同时论述了在分子轨道对称守恒原理中,对称与守恒的统一。 相似文献
10.
Ricardo Lopes Coelho 《Science & Education》2014,23(6):1361-1380
In the theory of heat of the first half of the nineteenth century, heat was a substance. Mayer and Joule contradicted this thesis but developed different concepts of heat. Heat was a force for Mayer and a motion for Joule. Both Mayer and Joule determined the mechanical equivalent of heat. This result was, however, justified in accordance with those concepts of heat. Mayer’s characterisation of force reappears in the very common textbook definition ‘energy cannot be created or destroyed but only transformed’ and his theory led to a phenomenological approach to energy. Joule and Thomson’s concept of heat led to a mechanistic approach to energy and to the common definition ‘energy is the capacity of doing work’. One and the same term ‘energy’ subsumed these two approaches. The problematic concept of energy, energy as a substance, appears then as a result of an eclectic development of the concept. Another approach, which appeared in the 1860s, is directly based on the mechanical equivalent of heat and can be characterized by the use of ‘principle of equivalence’ instead of ‘principle of energy conservation’. Unlike the others, this approach, which has been lost, poses no problems with the concept of energy. The problems with the energy concept as to the kind of phenomena dealt with in the present paper can, however, be overcome, as we shall see, in distinguishing between that which comes from experiments and that which is an interpretation of the experimental results within a conceptual framework. 相似文献
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桂起权 《淮阴师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》2004,26(1):60-64
经济博弈论是在经济领域中研究如何在冲突局势下寻求合作的最优策略的形式理论,它为分析经济中竞争与协同之间的辩证关系提供了一种普遍的可操作的结构模式。本文采用解释学观点使经济博弈论与辩证逻辑两者实现"视界融合",从而博弈论转换成在经济领域所应用的辩证逻辑方法论的一种新类型。 相似文献
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王小军 《渭南师范学院学报》2008,23(5):93-94
文章采用文献综述法,运用运动生化的理论,对中长跑运动的能量供应系及如何提高供能能力进行了研究．阐述了中长跑运动供能系统的特点和提高其能力的训练方法,旨在为中长跑的教学和训练提供理论参考． 相似文献
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从简谐振动系统的特点出发,介绍了如何用能量法分析简谐振动,并利用机械能守恒定律导出了简谐振动方程的一般形式,讨论了方程解的物理意义。在此基础上,利用牛顿定律分析法和能量法对具体实例分别进行求解,从而比较得出:能量法是一种研究分析简谐振动问题的有效方法,可更方便地解出简谐振动的全过程。 相似文献
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籍文翠 《江苏广播电视大学学报》2008,19(2):84-87
面对日益增长的能源需求和日趋严重的能源短缺压力,经济学家和政策制订者都面临着如何科学地制订能源发展战略等问题。时这些问题的解答必须建立在时能源与经济增长关系的科学认识基础之上。考虑到经济变量的非平稳性,运用协整理论,对中国1984年～2004年的能源消费和经济增长之间的关系进行了格兰杰因果检验,并建立了误差修正模型来考察它们之间的长期关系和动态关系。结果表明,我国能源消费和经济增长之间存在协整关系,但不存在因果关系。 相似文献
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Besides viewing knowledge about the nature of science (NOS) as important for its own value with respect to scientific literacy, an adequate understanding of NOS is expected to improve science content learning by fostering the ability to interrelate scientific concepts and, thus, coherently acquire scientific content knowledge. However, there is a lack of systematic investigations, which clarify the relations between NOS and science content learning. In this paper, we present the results of a study, conducted to investigate how NOS understanding relates to students’ acquisition of a proper understanding of the concept of energy. A total of 82 sixth and seventh grade students received an instructional unit on energy, with 41 of them receiving generic NOS instruction beforehand. This NOS instruction, however, did not result in students having higher scores on the NOS instrument. Thus, correlational analyses were performed to investigate how students’ NOS understanding prior to the energy unit related to their learning about science content. Results show that a more adequate understanding of NOS might relate to students’ perspective on the concept of energy and might support them in understanding the nature of energy as a theoretical concept. Students with higher NOS understanding, for example, seemed to be more capable of learning how to relate the different energy forms to each other and to justify why they can be subsumed under the term of energy. Further, we found that NOS understanding may also be related to students’ approach toward energy degradation—a concept that can be difficult for students to master—while it does not seem to have a substantive impact on students’ learning gain regarding energy forms, transformation, or conservation. 相似文献
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Open education, including the use of open educational resources (OER) and the adoption of open education practice, has the potential to challenge educators to change their practice in fundamental ways. This paper forms part of a larger study focusing on higher education educators’ learning from and through their engagement with OER. The first part of the study was a quantitative survey investigating educators’ learning behaviour when they learned to use OER in their practice. The second part of the study explored qualitatively how educators engaged with OER and how they conceptualised their learning. Data were gathered through interviews with 30 higher education educators. This paper reports the analysis of these interviews. The analysis draws on the theory of self-regulated learning and cultural–historical activity theory to explore the challenges adult education practitioners encounter when changing their practice. The study tests the application of a framework that traces the discursive manifestations of contradictions, exploring how this framework can be used to examine different aspects of self-regulated learning as educators learn how to use OER. We have identified three distinct tensions in higher education educators’ practice: tensions between the emerging needs of the individual (as he or she adopts new forms of practice) and organisational policies; between the transfer of responsibilities from educators to students as new practice is embedded and institutional accountability; and between cost efficiency and learning objectives. The framework for the discursive manifestations of contradictions was a useful tool used to surface these apparent tensions. 相似文献
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稳恒电流与动量守恒定律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用经典物理学的方法研究了稳恒电流的动量守恒问题和交流电流的动量不守恒的问题。分析了稳恒电流电路的能量转换问题和受力问题,对于稳恒电流电路来说,虽然有电热和磁能的损失,即有能量转换问题,但由于构成稳恒电路的稳恒电源、导体和载流子构成了同一个系统,他们之间的相互作用力属于内力,这样的系统不受其他的外力作用,因此,满足动量守恒定律要求的条件,从而稳恒电流的动量是守恒的;而交流电流则不然,交流电源总是在变化的外力的作用下对电路中的载流子做功的,因此,由电源、构成电路的导体和载流子构成的系统所受的合外力并不为零,这样的系统不满足动量守恒定律要求的条件,从而交流电的动量是不守恒的。 相似文献
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根据目前最流行的打印机的原理和特点，并从实践的角度出发，介绍了打印机的正确使用及维护方法，以及打印机出现故障的原因和解决对策。 相似文献
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液压系统的节能设计已成为液压技术工作者所关注的重大课题.对液压传动的节能原理进行了阐述,介绍了节能液压元件、节能回路和节能液压系统的节能技术,为液压技术工作者更好地利用能源提供了参考. 相似文献