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1.
Ruth Wallace 《美中教育评论》2009,6(6):37-46
A study of disenfranchised learners in a regional area found that their engagement in formal education was influenced by their learner identities, their perceptions of themselves as learners, and the identity resources on which they draw. Understanding the disconnects between individuals＇, communities＇ and educational institutions＇ assumptions about learning engagement impacted on the types of identities on which learners drew and the efficacy of those identities in negotiating new learning experiences. Developing innovative and successful approaches to engage disenfranchised regional learners in training necessitates effective partnership and the recognition of diverse knowledge systems as they relate to the worlds of work, community engagement and learning. Social partnerships in learning frameworks were the key in describing the interactions between agents, they are the interagency and interdisciplinary relationships that enable effective learning in different disciplines, workplaces and training sites. Social partnerships in learning frameworks are used to examine diverse knowledge systems, develop capacity building processes and understand the underlying relationships that facilitate connections, engagement and decision-making between government, non-government, enterprise, community, stakeholders and individuals. This paper will examine disenfranchised learners＇ identities and the role of learning partnerships in developing strong learner identities and re-engaging regional learners. 相似文献
2.
Aysen Bakioglu Ozlem Kurnaz 《美中教育评论》2009,6(3):1-12,27
The purpose of this study is to examine the problem of research quality in social sciences at higher education. Quality of research produced at higher education started to be questioned more often as research became the major factor determining academics＇ promotion and fund allocation to universities. In the study, we aimed to reveal how academics perceive research quality and what they identify as the main problems that make it difficult to achieve quality in research. Data were collected through interviews with 25 academics from 7 disciplines （educational sciences, sociology, communicational sciences, law, history, management and political science） in 7 universities. Six of the academics interviewed were professors, 7 were associate professors, 10 were assistant professors and 2 were doctors. Interviews were carried out in 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 academic years, and each lasted about one hour on average. Data collected were analyzed through content analysis. Study findings revealed that academics referred most often to methodological issues as the most important quality criterion of research, followed by issues of theoretical background and originality. Academics definitions of sub-criteria related to these were tackled in more detail in the study. As the most important hindrances that make it difficult to achieve quality in research academics mentioned lack of a long-established research culture, problems of research resources and the pressure caused by academic promotion criteria. Some recommendations related to the problems were made to develop research quality in the light of the study findings. 相似文献
3.
CHENLin-li 《中国科教博览》2005,(6):37-39
With the deepening of China‘s reform and open-door pohcy, the ability to participate mrectly m oral interactions in English becomes more and more important, hence the focus of English language teaching on improving students‘ oral English proficiency. The CET Spoken English Test (CET-SET), which is a face-to-face oral proficiency test, is a component part of the CET test. Since its first administration on a national scale in November 1999, it has been receiving a growing amount of attention from teachers and students in universities in China. As the number of studen tstaking the CET-SET is growing rapidly year by year, it has become crucial to develop an alternative to the CET-SET that can be operationally more practical. My views on the CET-SET are expounded in this paper, which is structured as follows. First, I provide an overview of the CET-SET. Next, I identify several aspects of the test that are amenable to changes. Finally, I put forward some suggestions as to the development of an alternative approach for the CET-SET. 相似文献
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5.
ZHUANG Xin 《美中教育评论》2008,5(7):46-57
The Test of English as a Foreign Language （TOEFL） brings tremendous influence to EFL （English as a Foreign Language） learners worldwide. TOEFL 2000 project claims that TOEFL, as a more reflective of communicative model, could provide more information about international students＇ language ability that it is supposed to measure. However, after detailed analyzing an authentic paper-based test paper in May, 2001 in China as a sample from four aspects--test reliability, construct validity, authenticity and interactiveness respectively, it is found that the test puts too much emphasis on vocabulary and grammar knowledge within almost every session of the test paper, in which ＂structure and written expression＂ could be the most disputed part. The content could not fully demonstrate its validity and communicative purposes so that it is suspected that test takers could meet the later demands in academic study abroad. Nevertheless, this is a powerful explanation about the current revolutionized change in the framework and content of TOEFL to meet the principles of designing a test, which could provide more information and guidance for later test designs. 相似文献
6.
Chinese public understanding of the use of agricultural biotechnology A case study from Zhejiang Province of China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Lü L 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2006,7(4):257-266
This study explores the Chinese public＇s perceptions of, and attitudes to, agriculture and food applications of biotechnology; and investigates the effect of socio-demographic factors on attitudes. A questionnaire survey and interviews were used in an attempt to combine quantitative analysis with qualitative review. The main finding of this study is that the Chinese population has a superficial, optimistic attitude to agricultural biotechnology; and that, in accordance with public attitudes, a cautious policy, with obligatory labelling, should be adopted. The study reveals that education is the factor among socio-demographic variables with the strongest impact on public attitudes. Higher education leads to a more positive evaluation of GM （genetically modified） foods and applications of biotechnology with respect to usefulness, moral acceptability, and suitability for encouragement. In addition, public attitudinal differences depend significantly on area of residence. Compared with their more urban compatriots, members of the public in less developed areas of China have more optimistic attitudes, perceive more benefits, and are more risk tolerant in relation to GM foods and agricultural biotechnology. Finally we obtained a very high rate of＂don＇t know＂ answers to our survey questions. This suggests that many people do not have settled attitudes, and correspondingly, that the overall public attitude to agricultural biotechnology and GM foods in China is at present somewhat unstable. 相似文献
7.
Naveed Shibli 《美中教育评论》2009,6(5):61-66
Higher education is the product of three constituents, the policy makers or government, the executors or faculty and the recipients or the students or scholars. Steadiness among different constituents in given social interaction can act as facilitating motive and it could make higher education more smooth and productive. The “steadiness” in the pilot study is “a parameter that helps the three constituents of higher education to communicate to each other without ambiguity or say on a same frequency” and is very close to the factor “similarity”. Studies prove that “similarities” help group cohesion, improve performance and social relations etc. So to assume that the presence of like-mindedness or “similarity” or say “steadiness” in the field of higher education has the potential to decrease the amount of stress and to increase the productivity or outcome （successful policies, objective assessments, scholars, research, utility etc.）, is justified. And the assumption possesses the testable potential to study policy, assessment, implementation and other allied issues objectively. Many methods of social research and experimental designs are feasible for such study. A pilot study of a biography proves that the study of “similarity” in higher education for quality and assessment is viable and possesses the potential to produce better scholars, can enable the government to improve economy, can help to produce a strong next generation, can positively contribute to strengthen the social institutions and society and above all can bring a positive change in higher education that has been merely claimed for last many years. It is recommended that the proposed “similarity” may be studied in the field of higher education to help the government to formulate and execute policies based on social psychological evidence to enable the executors to best utilize their potential to help the recipients and learners to grow as per their full potential. 相似文献
8.
Yadolla Saeednia Mariani MD NOR 《美中教育评论》2010,7(5):94-100
Almost all schemes that have been issued by scholars or researchers to present Maslow＇s hierarchy of basic needs include a pyramid （triangle） in which the physiological needs are in the base and the self-actualization needs are in the top of the triangle. Although this scheming is inspiring to some results, basic needs have more characteristics that are significant however, this scheming is not able to inspire. Based on elaborating Maslow＇s theory and research＇s findings, this study aims to disclose weaknesses and strengths of traditional scheme （triangle）, and develop two innovated schemes of basic needs, which are more close to Maslow＇s ideas and more inspiring to realize the actuality of this hierarchy. 相似文献
9.
Since their founding, the Black churches have strived to implement and fulfill their missions. These institutions acknowledge the importance to become actively involved in the community as well as engaged in the lives of young people. Black churches are faced with unique challenges every day, however, they provide significant number of resources to the communities at large. In this study, we examine the role of partnerships through local churches and its impact on low performing schools using qualitative methodology. Research shows that low performing schools are influenced positively by partnerships with Black churches. 相似文献
10.
Suriamurthee Moonsamy Maistry Jugathambal Ramdhani 《美中教育评论》2010,7(4):23-29
Entrepreneurship education in the South Africa is often presented as a neutral discipline. Yet fundamental to any entrepreneurship education program should be the integration of key issues, such as ethics, values and social responsibility. This paper reports on a study that set out to explore student teachers experiences of engaging in an entrepreneurship education program specially enhanced to create an awareness of the link between entrepreneurship and social responsibility. It argues that exposure to a program of this nature is a powerful means to dispel the myth that entrepreneurship is a neutral discipline and that such exposure creates useful avenues for student teachers to examine their own constructions and perceptions of entrepreneurship and social responsibility. This paper draws on data constructed in a qualitative research project that engaged the tenets of symbolic interactionism in order to understand how students experienced the program and to understand their changing perceptions. 相似文献
11.
Based on the data of 923 Chinese listed companies in 2013 to 2014, we investigated the impact of company equity structure on audit fees from the perspective of cross section and period duration. It is found that there is a positive correlation between the proportion of state-owned shares in listed companies and audit fees. To be more specific, there is a U-shaped relation between audit fees and equity concentration which is represented by the proportion of the largest shareholder. And the equity restriction ratio, represented by the sum of the proportion of the second largest shareholder to the tenth, has a positive effect on audit fees. 相似文献
12.
Randomness plays a major role in the interpretation of many interesting traffic flow phenomena, such as hysteresis, capacity drop and spontaneous breakdown. The analysis of the uncertainty and reliability of traffic systems is directly associated with their random characteristics. Therefore, it is beneficial to understand the distributional properties of traffic variables. This paper focuses on the dependence relation between traffic flow density and traffic speed, which constitute the fundamental diagram （FD）. The traditional model of the FD is obtained essentially through curve fitting. We use the copula function as the basic toolkit and provide a novel approach for identifying the distributional patterns associated with the FD. In particular, we construct a rule-of-thumb nonparametric copula function, which in general avoids the mis-specification risk of parametric approaches and is more efficient in practice. By applying our construction to loop detector data on a freeway, we identify the dependence patterns existing in traffic data. We find that similar modes exist among traffic states of low, moderate or high traffic densities. Our findings also suggest that highway traffic speed and traffic flow density as a bivariate distribution is skewed and highly heterogeneous. 相似文献
13.
Rule Generation Based on Dominance Matrices and Functions 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Rough set theory has proved to be a useful tool for rule induction. But, the theory based on indiscemibility relation or similarity relation cannot induce rules from decision tables with criteria. Greco et al have proposed a new rough set approach based on dominance relation to handle the problems. In this paper, the concept of dominance matrix is put forward and the dominance function is constructed to compute the minimal decision rules that are more general and applicable than the ones induced by the classical rough set theory. In addition,the methodology of simplification is presented to eliminate the redundancy in the rule set. 相似文献
14.
Alan Brown 《美中教育评论》2008,5(1):9-17
National （and European） qualifications frameworks, the specification of learning outcomes and grand targets like the Lisbon goals of increasing the supply of graduates in Europe in order to achieve a more knowledge-based society are all predicated upon the idea of moving people through to higher and well-defmed levels of skills, knowledge and understanding. However, the work of researchers, from the UK＇s Teaching and Learning Research Programme （TLRP）, examining work-related learning from a number of perspectives, would suggest that the way to move towards a more knowledge-based society is for as many people as possible, whatever their supposed highest overall ＂level＂ of skills is, to believe that they should develop their skills, knowledge and competence in a number of ways unrelated to their current highest ＂level＂. This means rather than having an essentially binary conception of competence at the heart of the levels, it would be far more beneficial in inducing the frame of mind required of a knowledge-based society to have a developmental view of expertise. Such an approach can address three particular challenges that a ＂levels＂ approach f＇mds difficult to accommodate. First, there is the issue of transfer-there would be an expectation that graduates would be some way from ＂experienced worker standard＂ when they completed their initial training. Secondly, such an approach could provide the conditions in which a commitment to continuous improvement at work could flourish, as most people would believe that they needed to develop in a number of ways （at a range of ＂levels＂） in order to improve their performance. Thirdly, this approach of continuing to expect people to continue to develop a range of skills would offer some protection against the development of ＂skilled incompetence＂ （where organisations and individuals continue to focus upon what they do well without paying due regard to the future）. 相似文献
15.
Collaboration is becoming increasingly important in the realm of education （Novoa, 2004）. For instance, as soon as training is undertaken, the future teacher must develop an ability to cooperate in a pedagogical context. However, in order to learn to make a relevant contribution to a teaching team＇s undertakings and to provide innovative suggestions in pedagogical matters （Gouvernement du Quebec, 2001）, the student teacher needs solid backing from the cooperating teacher. A student teacher＇s willingness to reflect on and to question his own teaching practices will create a much more promising learning context （Portelance ＆ Durand, 2006）. Reciprocally, the cooperating teacher will make a positive contribution to the student teacher by accepting that his positions be questioned and even altered （Johnston, Wetherill ＆ Greenebaum, 2002）. It is the dynamics of sharing of knowledge and know-how in this partnership that retains our interest. From 2004 to 2007, the researchers carried out a study of the subject by examining four practicum sessions at high school level in a number of Quebec schools. To gather data, the researchers used written questionnaires, individual interviews, as well as recordings of conversations between student teachers and their cooperating teachers. These conversations pertain to the conception and to the execution, by the student teacher, of teaching-learning situations. These dialogues were integrally transcribed and processed by N＇vivo, software designed to analyze qualitative data. the researchers present a typology of the respective roles taken on by the two partners in their discussions. The cooperating teacher reveals himself to be an advisor, a transmitter of information and a teacher. The student teacher also takes on the role of transmitter of information, as well as that of reflective practitioner, among others, the researchers observed that the conversations are usually carried out in an egalitarian spirit and, in some cases, give rise to co-construction of practical knowledge. 相似文献
16.
Identification of waterflooded zones and the impact of waterflooding on reservoir properties of the Funing Formation in the Subei Basin, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Peng-hui ZHANG Jin-liang ZHANG Wei-wei REN Jun XIE Ming LI Jing-zhe LI Fang DING Jin-kai WANG Zi-rui DONG 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2013,14(2):147-154
This paper describes the identification of waterflooded zones and the impact of waterflooding on reservoir properties of sandstones of the Funing Formation at the Gao 6 Fault-block of the Gaoji Oilfield,in the Subei Basin,east China.This work presents a new approach based on a back-propagation neural network using well log data to train the network,and then generating a cross-plot plate to identify waterflooded zones.A neural network was designed and trained,and the results show that the new method is better than traditional methods.For a comparative study,two representative wells at the Gao 6 Fault-block were chosen for analysis:one from a waterflooded zone,and the other from a zone without waterflooding.Results from this analysis were used to develop a better understanding of the impact of waterflooding on reservoir properties.A range of changes are shown to have taken place in the waterflooded zone,including changes in microscopic pore structure,fluids,and minerals. 相似文献
17.
It has been shown in recent economic and statistical studies that combining forecasts may produce more accurate forecasts than individual ones,However,the literature on combining forecasts has almost exclusively focused on linear combining forecasts.In this paper,a new nonlinear combination forecasting method based on fuzzy inference system is present to overcome the difficulties and drawbacks in linear combination modeling of non-stationary time series.Furthermore,the optimization algorithm based on a hierarchical structure of learning automata is used to identify the parameters of the fuzzy system.Experiment results related to numerical examples demonstrate that the new technique has excellent identification performances and forecasting accuracy superior to other existing linear combining forecasts. 相似文献
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19.
This paper aims to identify the gaps in management education highlighted by 3 primary stakeholders： students, faculty and alumni. The study tries to address the issue of relevance and compatibility of management education and investigates areas of improvement perceived by respondents. The paper assumes that business departments of universities have to bring changes in learning strategies to meet the requirements of stakeholders. This research takes UMT （University of Management and Technology） as a case study and presents gaps in management education. Data are collected from all the 3 stakeholders： students, faculty and alumni of MBA （Master in Business Administration） program offered at UMT. The survey is administered using an exclusively-designed research instrument and the data set of 211 students, 55 faculty members and 145 alumni is analysed using appropriate statistical techniques. The management of business schools should develop an integrated and well-coordinated mechanism to share common vision and strategies among stakeholders. A need to revise current MBA curriculum is identified, which emphasizes on the development of different types of skills among MBAs to make the program compatible with the existing corporate sector. The universities dealing in management education are recommended to redesign their curriculum in a more integrated and coordinated way in anticipation with aspiration of the existing corporate sector, which would then help reduce the identified gaps among stakeholders. The management of business schools should have a continuous assessment mechanism incorporating the feed back of all stakeholders, particularly students, faculty and alumni. The paper makes a fruitful contribution to the existing academic literature through an empirical investigation in Pakistani environment. A critical discussion is carried out, and gaps in management education are highlighted, which may motivate management institutions to revise their curriculums. 相似文献
20.
邢连香 《山西教育(综合版)》2006,(1)
The exam system has come to be the main topic of modern education.As it plays so important a role in the area of education that it is under much discussion as to its use.People who are for it try to develop this system more;those who are against it believe that such a system should be stopped.Should exam be stopped?In my opinion it should be.Firstly,a number of people think that an exam is the only way to test knowledge,but,in fact,that is not true.A few questions given in an exam could in no… 相似文献