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1.
依托国家知识产权局专利检索及分析平台数据,探讨广州、深圳、香港与国内其他295个城市的创新联系特征和影响机制.研究发现,(1)穗港深创新行为的市场化程度均较强,企业作用突出;(2)从合作范围看,广深与国内城市创新联系的范围与强度都高于香港;(3)从合作对象选择看,广深的科创企业和机构更青睐与高行政城市开展合作;(4)从联系方向看,广州更专注于广东省内的创新联系,而深圳则更倾向于与省外城市开展合作;(5)创新邻近、产业邻近、地理邻近对广深的对外创新联系有显著影响,创新邻近与制度邻近对香港的创新联系有影响. 相似文献
2.
为探究粤港澳区域协同创新的演化历程及影响因素,选取粤港澳区域的地级市及以上城市作为基本分析单元,基于国家知识产权局公布的2011—2020年国内发明专利数据,采用社会网络分析法,构建了区域创新网络,对粤港澳区域创新网络的特征及影响因素进行了比较和分析。研究发现：2011—2020年,粤港澳区域的协同创新程度越来越紧密,区域中的所有地级以上的城市都纳入了创新网络;在区域创新网络中,存在明显的创新核心区和边缘区,广州、深圳、东莞等城市的核心地位进一步巩固,而韶关、揭阳、潮州始终徘徊在网络的边缘区域,并且随着时间的推移,某些城市的边缘化趋势更加明显;区域的两大核心城市——香港、澳门,在区域创新网络的地位和影响力与其经济实力不相符,在合作专利的联合申请上没有表现出强的合作性和带动性,有很大的提升潜力。 相似文献
3.
基于2014—2017年山东省17个地级市创新联系能力,借助修正引力模型构建城市创新联系能力空间关联的有向加权矩阵,运用社会网络分析法和二次指派程序(QAP)回归方法探讨城市创新联系能力空间网络结构特征及空间传导关系的形成机制。研究结果表明:(1)山东省城市创新联系能力空间关联网络密度加大、整体连通性增加,其中中、东部沿海城市处于网络的中心位置,易与其他城市发生空间关联,起到在城市之间产生空间关联的桥梁作用;(2)山东省内陆城市"多三角型"的强关联网络和沿海城市"倒T型"的强关联网络得以扩展,边缘城市依赖于核心城市发展,形成具有较强关联的稳健性复杂创新网络;(3)地理距离、人力资本水平差异、政策支持力度差异、企业信息化水平差异对山东省创新联系能力空间关联网络结构的影响方向及回归结果较为稳健。 相似文献
4.
以2006—2020年京津冀区域联合申请专利数据为样本,构建京津冀区域协同创新网络。运用社会网络分析法(SNA)对协同创新网络结构进行分析,对影响京津冀区域协同创新网络的空间交易成本邻近性、技术邻近性、地理邻近性、社会邻近性和制度邻近性进行必要性检验与充分性检验,构建二次指派程序(QAP)回归模型研究五个邻近维度对协同创新网络演化的作用机理。研究表明：京津冀区域各节点城市之间的联系愈发紧密,最大节点在三个阶段内吸收资源和获取信息的能力相对其他节点无明显变化,协同创新网络满足以北京市为核心的小世界特征,北京和天津分别占据京津冀区域协同创新网络中第一、第二核心位置,协同创新网络中的节点在网络中地位、控制能力和自主性方面呈现不同梯度且十年间均有所提高,网络由核心节点为主转变为多节点协同发展的态势;空间交易成本邻近性为影响京津冀区域协同创新网络的充分必要条件,其余邻近维度均为影响京津冀区域协同创新网络的充分不必要条件;空间交易成本邻近性和地理邻近性对京津冀区域协同创新网络影响的显著程度逐阶段降低,技术邻近性对京津冀区域协同创新网络的影响较为显著且显著程度呈现出倒U型态势,社会邻近性和制度邻近性... 相似文献
5.
创新驱动战略实施背景下,融入创新合作网络是中国各省域提升区域创新能力的重要途径。本文基于2008—2018年中国省际之间在Web of Science核心合集发表的论文合作数,构建中国省际创新合作网络,描绘其时空演化特征,并借助零膨胀负二项回归深入分析影响机制。研究发现：中国省际创新合作网络结构逐渐复杂化、均衡化,省际创新合作网络中网络节点之间的联系不断丰富,在网络中重要节点省份逐渐增多,而且随着时间推移,网络结构不断优化。多维邻近性检验显示网络邻近性、产业邻近性是影响创新合作关系的重要因素,地理邻近性、经济邻近性影响较小,网络邻近性可以通过调节地理邻近性、经济邻近性影响创新合作。 相似文献
6.
结合创新链与创新网络,从创新链的纵向过程联系与横向区域网络联系两个维度探讨粤港澳大湾区城市网络的复杂性特征。基于2005—2019年粤港澳大湾区内“9+2”与外部30个省份的专利转移数据,运用社会网络分析与负二项回归、引力模型等实证城市创新网络及其创新链协同能力的影响因素。结果显示：（1）粤港澳大湾区城市创新网络规模不断扩大,内外联系日益紧密,创新扩散能力增强;（2）大湾区城市创新网络的外部联系强于内部联系,对外需求大于对外供给,主要城市在创新链不同环节的内外功能不同;（3）基础研究溢出能力与产业结构相似度对城市创新网络及其创新链各个环节均具有正向促进作用,市场化指数差异和地理距离对创新各个环节影响表现为负相关,经济发展水平差距在校企网络的技术开发环节表现为正相关,在企业网络的产业转化环节是负相关。基于城市创新网与创新链协同关系的短板和障碍及其影响因素的差异性,提出以“强链与补链”为着力点提升创新链协同能力的相关政策建议。 相似文献
7.
基于气候变化和能源安全的现实考虑，低碳技术创新已成为全球重要议题。本文首先从理论上分析低碳技术合作创新网络中的多维邻近性及演化，然后以低碳汽车技术为例，基于联合申请专利，利用数据挖掘与社会网络分析构建1992-2011年全球低碳汽车技术合作创新网络，考察网络中多维邻近性存在与否，演化过程如何。研究表明，低碳技术及其合作创新网络与多维邻近性协同演化；低碳技术合作创新网络中多维邻近性演化涉及不同国家地区与行动者网络位置与能力的演变；低碳技术合作创新网络中多维邻近性演化需注意避免过度邻近的“锁定效应”。 相似文献
8.
本文利用2004—2018年中国新能源汽车产业联合申请专利数据,基于网络演化视角,将新能源汽车产业合作创新网络演化过程划分为孕育期、萌芽期和成长期,考察了在合作创新网络演化的不同阶段中地理邻近性、技术邻近性和组织邻近性对合作创新绩效的影响,并进一步探讨创新开放度的调节作用。实证结果表明：地理邻近性和技术邻近性对合作创新绩效具有显著正向影响,而组织邻近性对合作创新绩效则具有显著负向影响。随着新能源汽车产业合作创新网络演化依次经历孕育期、萌芽期和成长期,地理邻近性的影响先减少后增加,技术邻近性的影响逐渐增加,组织邻近性的影响先增加后减少。此外,创新开放度对多维邻近性与合作创新绩效之间的关系存在部分调节作用。 相似文献
9.
为丰富对城市间产学研合作网络的定量研究，更加精准识别大学、科研机构、企业三大创新主体的有效合作特征，以中国296个地级市2011—2020年联合申请专利、产学研合作申请专利数量为样本，基于三螺旋理论，将产学研专利合作归纳为“产-研”“学-研”“产-学”“产-学-研”等4种类型，运用社会网络分析法对产学研创新合作网络进行定量分析。结果发现：近10年城市联合申请专利数量增长5倍多，且呈逐年上升趋势，但产学研合作申请专利较少、占比较低，且增速缓慢；企业在产学研合作中居于主导地位；产学研创新合作网络密度低、连通度不高，大多数节点间合作强度较低，节点间联系呈“东密西稀、东强西弱”的空间分布格局；网络层次清晰，“核心-边缘”结构明显，以北京为核心的放射状空间结构显著，北京、上海、武汉、南京、西安5个城市处于中心地位，对资源的控制能力及自主能力较强。由此提出要发挥北京等核心节点城市对周边城市的引领带动作用，同时着力培育成都等西部创新中心城市，增加西部边缘城市对外创新合作的机会。 相似文献
10.
在开放式创新模式下,分析中国城市间知识合作创新的网络结构并探讨其背后的邻近性机制对提高城市创新效率、推进国家创新体系建设具有重要意义。本文基于中国285个地级及以上城市间论文合作发表和专利联合申请的截面数据,综合构建了2011年和2019年中国城市知识创新网络,分析其结构演化特征,并采用多元回归的二次指派程序（MRQAP）从邻近性视角探讨其演化机制。结果表明：①2011—2019年中国城市知识创新网络密度增强,择优链接弱化,呈现出多中心发展趋势,合作格局由北京和上海主导转变为北京上海引领与区域中心带动相结合,从而形成多个区域网。②城市间知识合作创新除了受城市经济水平、科教支持力度、行政等级的正向影响外,也受地理、组织、文化、社会、制度邻近的显著促进,邻近性机制对中国城市知识创新网络演化具有较强解释力。③不同维度邻近性对城市知识创新网络的影响是动态的和交互的,过度的地理、社会、认知邻近会阻碍城市间知识合作创新,认知邻近可弥补地理距离,而社会邻近往往伴随着地理邻近。在此基础上,针对中国创新型城市建设和城市协同创新发展提出相关政策建议。 相似文献
11.
A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
12.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
13.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
14.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
15.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
16.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
17.
Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
18.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
19.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
20.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献