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1.
Bev Rogers 《The Australian Educational Researcher》2003,30(2):65-87
Educational research has been criticised by governments and practitioners. For some politicians and policy makers, there is
a tendency to look for direct links between research and successful, effective and efficient practice. Research is needed
to inform their evidence-based practice as policy makers, and to provide the kind of research teachers need to base their
practice on the best available evidence for doing ‘x rather than y’ (Hargreaves 1996) or predicting the ‘size of the effect
of A on B’ (Blunkett 2000). There is no doubt that both teachers and policy makers do make decisions on a daily basis based
on some form of evidence. This paper explores Hargreaves’ notion of evidence-based practice, providing a range of criticisms.
It also examines Carr’s historical account of ‘praxis’ and ‘poiesis’ to suggest a notion of evidence-based praxis based partly
on the historical notion of ‘phronesis’ — practical wisdom. The basis for this is the argument that wise and practical ethical
and moral judgements are central to an understanding of teachers’ daily work. What to do in a specific educational situation
cannot be determined solely by theoretical beliefs or by ‘techne’. However the ethical dimension is not the only consideration.
The paper suggests that evidence-based praxis use Stenhouse’s notion of ‘actionable evidence’, which includes the ethical
dimension, but also Thomson’s concept of ‘thisness’, which describes the unique contextual characteristics of a school. If
disadvantaged schools can make some sort of difference to learning opportunities for students, it is argued that teachers
might engage in evidence-based praxis which involves them in reflecting on, and theorising what is happening in classrooms,
schools and neighbourhoods. This ‘praxis’ also involves them in modifying their theories, critically analysing ‘what works’,
questioning how they know and developing ideas about how things might be done differently. There will be an element of developing
knowledge about teaching and learning strategies (Hargreaves’ ‘body of knowledge’), but it will be in the context of the ethical
and moral dilemmas associated with education. It will take up the question of local differences as well as a realistic approach
to what constitutes actual school improvement. Evidence-based praxis is also essentially a collective activity not an individual
approach. Future development of the notion of evidence-based praxis might also include involving students in a more reciprocal
and open learning process like that highlighted by researchers who focus on student participation linked to school reform. 相似文献
2.
Policy as numbers: ac/counting for educational research 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bob Lingard 《The Australian Educational Researcher》2011,38(4):355-382
This paper provides an account and a critique of the rise of the contemporary policy as numbers phenomenon and considers its
effects on policy and for educational research. Policy as numbers is located within the literatures on numbers in politics
and the statistics/state relationship and, while recognising the longevity of the latter relationship, it is argued that the
governance turn and neo-liberalism have strengthened the role of numbers in contemporary education policy. This phenomenon
is situated in the contemporary ‘structure of feeling’, which sees politics reduced to managing the everyday and the evisceration
of a progressive imaginary. The paper then documents the impact within education, focusing both on the emergent global education
policy field and on the national agenda in Australian schooling and the related rise of ‘gap talk’, both globally and nationally.
The paper concludes by drawing out some implications for educational research, suggesting that we as educational researchers
are also being positioned by policy as numbers. 相似文献
3.
Pam Watson 《Higher Education》2009,58(3):419-438
The supra-national level has become increasingly important in educational policy formulation. This paper describes and compares
two settings in which growth in these supra-national policies is evident—in Europe and in Africa. Key themes arising in policy
documents in each context are examined. A distinction is drawn in analysis between themes classified as ‘global means’, such
as qualification frameworks and quality assurance mechanisms, which are becoming international norms and which show close
similarity across contexts, and regional goals or ‘themes’ in supra-national policy. The paper argues that although there
are apparent similarities between the policy goals espoused in ‘regional themes’, context plays an important part in understanding
the meanings of these policy goals. In closer analysis, there are differences both in the underlying problems which the policy
goals are intended to address, and in the prioritisation given to these goals. This finding is examined in the light of debates
regarding policy convergence, specifically drawing on Vaira’s (2004) framework for institutional analysis. 相似文献
4.
The issue of school non-completion continues to be a matter of concern for policy makers and practitioners in Australia today.
Despite the efforts of governments and school systems to improve participation and retention rates, often one in three students
drop out of school before completing Year 12. Major factors influence non-completion and militate against young people remaining
at school. Findings from recent research indicate that some non-completers choose to re-enter education through second chance
programs outside the school environment. The argument for second chance education presented in this paper is developed within
the context of the ‘risk’ society and in relation to recent theories of youth transitions. 相似文献
5.
Mary James 《British Educational Research Journal》2012,38(2):181-201
We live in difficult times—socially, economically and politically—and it is right that learned societies, such as the British Educational Research Association, reflect on their purpose and direction. We cannot take for granted the social contract that supports the funding of social science and educational research. This paper reflects on enduring themes and new pressures and argues for special attention to: collaboration within and beyond the community of university‐based educational researchers; support for, and recognition of, the importance of reviews of research; the development of accessible forms of communication of findings and their implications, to guide sound decision making; more direct engagement with practitioners, policy makers and the public. It argues that it is time for communities of educational researchers to have confidence to become outward looking and strengthen alliances with other groups of researchers at home and abroad, across disciplines, with different types of research institutions and also with practitioners and policy makers. What drives this should be our principal aim to pursue educational research and its application for the improvement of education and the public benefit. 相似文献
6.
Stephen M. Ritchie 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2008,3(2):517-519
In this essay I comment on Stetsenko’s (2008) essay that draws together the work of Vygotsky, Piaget and Dewey, as she attempts to counter the ‘new’ reductionist synthesis
in public educational policy. While this theoretical work is helpful, it could be enhanced further by illuminating everyday
practices of learners. I pose some questions that might provoke ongoing discussions by researchers as they transform collaboratively
cultural–historical activity theory. 相似文献
7.
David R Geelan 《The Australian Educational Researcher》2001,28(2):129-146
Discussion between the adherents of various orientations within educational research has often generated more heat than light. A pervasive analogy drawn in these discussions has been between the philosophy of science and educational research. In this paper I explore the value of several influential perspectives within twentieth century philosophy of science as means of understanding what researchers in education do, and why. I suggest that Paul Feyerabend’s ‘anything goes’ epistemological perspective has much to offer in supporting rich educational research. If positivist standards of validity and reliability are no longer considered appropriate for some forms of educational research, however, new standards for justification and representation, explicitly stated within the research, will be necessary. 相似文献
8.
This paper is concerned with the definition of the field of educational research and the changing and developing role of the
Australian Association for Research in Education (AARE) in representing and constituting this field. The evidence for the
argument is derived from AARE Presidential Addresses across its 40-year history. The paper documents the enhanced complexity
and diversity of the field over these 40 years, including the emergence of a global educational policy field, theoretical
and methodological developments in the social sciences and new research accountabilities such as the Excellence in Research
for Australia (ERA) measure. Specifically, the paper suggests that the evidence-based movement in public management and education
policy, and the introduction of the ERA, potentially limit and redefine the field of educational research, reducing the usefulness
and relevance of educational research to policy makers and practitioners. This arises from a failure to recognise thatEducation is both a field of research and a field of policy and practice. Located against both developments, the paper argues for a
principled eclecticism framed by a reassessment of quality, which can be applied to the huge variety of methodologies, theories,
epistemologies and topics legitimately utilised and addressed within the field of educational research. At the same time,
the paper argues the need to globalise the educational research imagination and deparochialise educational research. This
call is located within a broader argument suggesting the need for a new social imaginary (in a post-neoliberal context of
the global financial crisis) to frame educational policy and practice and the contribution that educational theory and research
might make to its constitution. In relation to this, the paper considers the difficulties that political representations of
such a new imaginary might entail for the President and the Association, given the variety of its membership and huge diversity
of its research interests. 相似文献
9.
Larry D. Yore John O. Anderson Mei-Hung Chiu 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2010,8(3):593-609
Evidence-based policies, decisions, and practices are highly valued and underachieved in the international mathematics and
science education reforms. Many in the mathematics and science education research communities lament the lack of influence
that research results have on the education profession, schools, and teaching. Academic research done in isolation of end-users—with
the faint hope that teachers, politicians, and bureaucrats will access and utilise these results to inform curriculum, assessment,
and instruction and to influence public policy—has not worked. Some funding agencies require dissemination of research and
development results to the broader political and education communities; therefore, applicants agree to these requirements
without fully realizing the breadth of these demands. However, to achieve such knowledge transfer requirements, researchers
need to become more (a) aware of the needs, players, and processes of ‘speaking truth to power’; (b) active in knowledge transfer
and influencing public policy; and (c) alert to values and normative premises of the policy makers. This article outlines
the essential principles, barriers within the academic community, international efforts, and future considerations for knowledge
transfer regarding international assessments. Specific articles on PISA 2000, 2003, and 2006 included in this special issue
are used to illustrate these insights into verification of curricular influences, educational opportunity and equality, regional
comparisons, and direct influence on policy. 相似文献
10.
In recent years, there has been an increase in students with refugee experience in the UK, the US, Europe and Australia. These
students face many barriers to education, and appropriately educating this diverse student population presents many challenges
to schools and education departments. We argue that a whole of school approach that includes school structures, culture and
pedagogy is needed to provide equity for students with refugee experience. This approach to reform requires that the ‘structures
and programs [that] are designed for a dominant group’ (DETE, South Australian Curriculum Standards and Accountability Framework,
South Australia 2001), and which disadvantage minority groups, are challenged and changed. Implementing such change raises many practical difficulties,
and there are few documented examples of good practice. This prompted the authors’ ethnographic study of a South Australian
primary school, with a New Arrivals Program, which positions itself as taking a whole of school approach to educational reform
for refugees. This paper reports on the structural changes the school has implemented in its class organisation, staff roles
and curriculum. We consider the effects of government funding and neoliberal education policy on these reforms. 相似文献
11.
This paper takes up the question of the way in which ‘the problem with educational Research’ is represented. It takes as its
point of departure two recent views on ‘the Problem’ — one expressed by an educational journalist and one presented by the
Australian Council of Deans of Education. It locates these within a larger frame of international debate about educational
research and its problems and considers how these arise out of particular dispositions towards educational research and, by
extension towards, education itself. 相似文献
12.
This paper examines the propensity to attain a Ph.D. degree at the five largest universities in Flanders, the Dutch speaking
part of Belgium. It provides insight into the rate at which junior scholars appointed at the universities involved attained
their Ph.D.-degree, and the duration of the doctoral training period. Cox’s regression model was applied to statistically
analyse the influence of a number of ‘demographic’ and ‘merit’ variables, and variables related to funding source and type
of appointment of the junior scholarly staff. Large differences in Ph.D. durations and attainment rates were found across
funding sources, research disciplines and types of appointments. The policy background and implications are discussed briefly. 相似文献
13.
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that performance assessment increases educational value in teachinglearning activities
using a quasi-experimental research design. In this research, the three measurement criteria of educational value are suggested
as ‘improvement & advancement,’ ‘sincerity & enthusiasm,’ and ‘individuality & wholeness.’ A pre-test was administered to
4 classes (156 students) in 7th grade. Classes were divided into an experimental group (2 classes, 79 students) and a control
group (2 classes, 77 students), according to the pre-test results. Only the experimental group was involved in the performance
assessment for 9 weeks. The results of this study show that performance assessment has a positive effect on the educational
value of teaching-learning activities in schools. 相似文献
14.
Reiko Yamada 《Prospects》1995,25(4):791-802
Conclusion The 1947 education reform and mass education after the period of high economic growth have greatly influenced women's higher
education attainments. These changes are beginning to transform women's views towards education and more women with higher
education attainment are entering the labour marker.
However, as previously indicated, many obstacles to equal opportunity and results in the labour market still remain for women.
Higher education for women has never had the same social impact as that for men. So far as the academic career of women is
regarded as having ‘symbolic value’—it has a close relationship to marriage in Japanese society. Women's higher education
is a social way of maintaining a sub-culture and traditional gender norms.
Ph.D. in education (dissertation: ‘The gender roles of Japanese women’) from the University of California in 1993. At present
affiliated to the PHP Research Institute (Japan) as a senior research associate. Areas of interest include comparative higher
education, educational policy, and gender and education. Her most recently published works in English are ‘Higher education
in partnership with industry: the necessity to employ off-the-job-training system’ in theInternational journal of lifelong education (vol. 12, no. 2, 1994) and ‘The gender roles of Japanese women: an assessment of gender roles of Japanese housewives in the
United States’ inPHP research report (vol. 9, 1995). 相似文献
15.
Gerald Wangenge-Ouma 《Higher Education》2012,64(6):831-844
The funding of higher education in South Africa has in the recent past been a subject of animated debate. This debate has ranged from the adequacy of government funding of higher education, the suitability of the funding framework, to protestations against frequent tuition fee increases. At present, the debate is mainly about “free” higher education. Unlike most African countries, South Africa has an established history of cost sharing. But, for a while now, students, especially Black students, have been demanding tuition free higher education even though the country has a student financial aid scheme to support talented but poor students. The demands for tuition free higher education suggest, among others, the possible existence of financial barriers to higher educational opportunities. This paper is a sequel to the debate on free higher education in South Africa. It seeks, in the main, to understand and examine the rationale and drivers for the students’ demand for “free” higher education. What are the financial barriers to higher educational opportunities that the current funding architecture has failed to address? Secondly, why are students demanding free higher education when there is a scheme to support talented but poor students? Is cost sharing inconsistent with the country’s post-apartheid transformation policy in higher education? Finally, is “free” higher education the panacea to the access and participation challenges facing Black students? 相似文献
16.
Faculties of education and institutional strategies for knowledge mobilization: an exploratory study
The goal to enhance the impacts of academic research in the ‘real world’ resonates with progressive visions of the role of
universities in society, and finds support among policy makers who have sought to enhance the ‘transfer’, ‘translation’, ‘uptake’,
or ‘valorization’ of research knowledge in several areas of public services. This paper reports on an exploratory study of
the strategies used by selected Canadian and international faculties of education to mobilize research knowledge. Drawing
on data from semi-structured interviews with senior administrators of 13 faculties of education, the analysis reveals several
themes. Academic leaders recognize knowledge mobilization as a desirable institutional mission, but they identify a number
of barriers to greater efforts in this area. Although a number of strategies are employed, changes across multiple organizational
dimensions to encourage and support knowledge mobilization were reported at only two institutions. These results are relevant
to faculty administrators, scholars, and policy-makers interested in understanding the role of academic institutions in the
mobilization of research knowledge to the broader education community. 相似文献
17.
As teacher-educators, we designed and implemented a small study that mapped teacher-education students' understandings of
their own identities and how they made sense of ethnicity and class differences among their secondary students while on teaching
rounds. While we didn't set out to ‘teach’ our research participants, it was during the analysis of data from the research
project, that we began to realise the potential of research to create opportunities for learning. In this paper we speculate
on the ‘conditions’ of knowledge production and suggest that the dialogic nature of interviews and focus group discussions
can offer pedagogical spaces for learning. Research designs that incorporate opportunities for participants to re-tell narratives
over periods of time, may position participants as experts in knowledge production and may reposition them and researchers
in more equitable power relations. We present an example of one participant's narrative together with our interpretations
to explore how research potentially offers ‘evidence’ of learning. While this is tentative only, we suggest there is a need
to create spaces for pedagogy in the design and execution of educational research. 相似文献
18.
Donna Pendergast Kay Whitehead Terry de Jong Lesley Newhouse-Maiden Nan Bahr 《The Australian Educational Researcher》2007,34(2):73-90
Teacher education programs focussing on the development of specialist teachers for ‘the middle years’ have proliferated in
Australian universities in recent years. This paper provides some insights into middle years’ teacher education programs at
the University of Queensland, Edith Cowan and Flinders Universities with regard to their: philosophical underpinnings; specific
educational context; scope and nature of the program. In addition, some of the research directions and efficacy strategies
utilised in conjunction with the programs will be shared, along with some early findings from a longitudinal study in one
of the programs. We propose that the pattern of programmatic growth heralds a new time for teacher education, and we speculate
about the production of new kinds of teacher identities as graduates take their place in the profession. 相似文献
19.
Charlotte Woods 《Higher Education》2010,60(2):171-185
This article has dual aims. First, it proposes an explicit focus on emotion as a means of enriching thinking about employee
health and wellbeing in the higher education (HE) sector. Second, in order to bring conceptual clarity to a highly complex
area, it presents and illustrates (using a fictional scenario) a framework for understanding emotion. The article begins with
an overview of recent published research relevant to the HE workplace as an affective domain and argues that research with
an explicit focus on emotion is a so far little exploited means of investigating aspects of working life in HE that have implications
for health and professional practice. It then presents a conceptualisation that views emotion as a system within which individual
and environmental factors interact in highly intricate ways in emotional experience (Lazarus in Emotion and adaptation. Oxford
University Press, Oxford, 1991, 1999). Viewed from this perspective ‘emotions’, as opposed to less powerful ‘affects’ (such as attitudes, beliefs and opinions),
are uniquely relevant to physical and mental health. The article concludes by considering implications arising from this perspective
on emotion for researchers and other practitioners in HE with an interest in how the university workplace impacts on the wellbeing
of an increasingly diverse workforce. 相似文献
20.
教育实验研究方法的再认识 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Xiaowei Yang 《Frontiers of Education in China》2007,2(3):349-365
The scientificalization of educational research methods was always the most predominant in the two tides of educational experiment
in China in the twentieth century, the result of which was unexpectedly dissatisfactory, because researchers misunderstood
the connotation of scientificalization in such a degree that resulted in the worship for methods and thought of replacement.
If researchers reflect dialectically on the classic codes of experiment, and aim at reconstructing the viewpoint of experiment
in education in the dimensions of ideas and pattern, they would guide the research on education by an “ideal type”, decently
intervene the “logic of practice” with the “logic of theory”, so that the theorists and practitioners in education can finally
coexist and co-develop.
相似文献