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1.
论中国幼儿教育财政体制的重构 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper presents a profile about the financial system of the early childhood education (ECE) in China. The problems discussed
are related to (1) segmentation of Tiao and Kuai (some education institutions are directly administered by provincial governments,
and some were affiliated to the relative administrative departments of the state), (2) inequality, (3) indistinct responsibility
in investment of all levels, and (4) the challenge of reform. On the basis of the current situation in China, ECE and international
experience, this paper aims at putting forward suggestions on how to reconstruct the financial system for ECE and also how
to make relevant provision of laws and regulations to make various levels of governments, children’s parents, kindergartens
and communities share economic responsibility of ECE.
Translated from Jiaoyu Yanjiu Yu Shiyan 教育研究与实验 (Educational Research and Experiment), 2006, (2): 21–24 相似文献
2.
Along with the “massification” of higher education in China since the late 1990s, the issue of quality and excellence appeared
at the top of China’s higher education agenda. Since faculty evaluation of teaching is one of the major approaches adopted
by China’s higher education sector to pursue quality and excellence, it is valuable to examine the effectiveness of faculty
evaluation of teaching practices adopted by the Chinese higher education institutions (HEIs). Study of current literature
reveals some similarities and differences between the faculty evaluation of teaching policies and practices between Chinese
and American higher education sectors. This paper examines the specific practices adopted by some top-tier Chinese HEIs and
American elite colleges and universities, summarizes and analyzes the major differences and similarities of faculty evaluation
of teaching practices between these two countries’ top-tier HEIs, and discusses the applicability of the American models to
the Chinese setting of higher education. Finally, a set of best practices regarding faculty evaluation of teaching are proposed
for Chinese HEIs. 相似文献
3.
俞建海 《Frontiers of Education in China》2008,3(2):236-245
Policy burdens of HEIs (higher education institutions) lead to the soft budget constraint (SBC) and the excessive loans of
HEIs. Since information asymmetry and incentive are incompatible, policy burdens will result in the adverse selection of the
president, and the excessive loans and low efficiency of HEIs. When HEIs are with policy burdens, the government’s restriction
of the loan autonomy of HEIs is usually a hypo-optimizing institutional arrangement. The key to hardening budget constraint
of HEIs is to free HEIs of policy burdens.
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Translated from Gaodeng Jiaoyu Yanjiu 高等教育研究 (Journal of Higher Education), 2007, 28(9): 37–42 相似文献
4.
本文以1999年扩招以来中央预算内财政支出和地方预算内财政支出为研究对象,采用1998年和2003年中央部属院校和地方所属普通高等学校预算内生均经费作为主要指标进行实证研究,以此来分析中央和地方两级政府投入的变化特点,并得出结论:中央投入在扩招过程中相对集中,从而强化了高层次地区的优势,而地方投入的基础性作用增强,有效地对中低水平地区予以支持,最终使地区间高等教育经费差距有所缩减。 相似文献
5.
In order to help students make well-informed choices, reliable college ranking systems with comparable information about higher education institutions worldwide have been welcomed by many students. Because traditional college rankings had many methodological problems, a new type of user-based ranking, called “personalized college ranking” started to develop in many nations in the late 1990s. In 2008, Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of Taiwan (HEEACT), launched a ranking project called “College Navigator in Taiwan” which developed the first Asian student-based college search engine to provide local and international students with transparent information on Taiwan’s higher education institutions. The main objective of this paper, therefore, is to compare the rational, strategies and pathways for establishing personalized college rankings. In order to analyze the gap between students’ preferences and university presidents’concerns over ranking indicators, HEEACT’s “College Navigator in Taiwan” is adopted as a case study at the end of paper. 相似文献
6.
Min-xuan Zhang 《Frontiers of Education in China》2006,1(4):475-486
From a financial perspective, the criteria for category distinction of higher education institutions should be based on the
ownership of institution property and income for recurrent expenditure. The development of modern higher education witnessed
the period wherein higher education institutions have both private property and private payment for recurrent expenditure.
The development also saw the period wherein all the institution properties were owned by the state and all the recurrent expenditure
were paid by the government. Accordingly, universities could be divided into two categories of “public” and “private” institutions
until the 1970s. However, things have been changing greatly over the past 20 years. Property ownership and payment for recurrent
expenditure have been separated. The public institutions appeal to more and more individuals sharing recurrent expenditure,
while private institutions ask for more and more public financial support. Therefore, some financially mixed institutions
came into being and “three categories with sub-groups” has become a new phenomenon.
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Translated from Peking University Education Review, 2004 (2) 相似文献
7.
Peter Riley Bahr 《Research in higher education》2012,53(1):94-121
The traditional unidirectional (“linear”) postsecondary path from high school to a community college to a 4-year institution
into the workforce represents accurately a decreasing proportion of the pathways actually taken by students through higher
education. Instead, students increasingly exhibit patterns of enrollment that take them through multiple postsecondary institutions,
both within levels of the higher education system (e.g., multiple community colleges, multiple 4-year institutions) and across
levels (e.g., movement back and forth between community colleges and 4-year institutions). These “swirling” patterns of enrollment
are widely recognized by scholars of higher education, but they remain poorly understood. In this study, I employ data that
address 89,057 first-time students in the California community college system to answer a number of key questions concerning
lateral transfer between community colleges, which, according to prior research, constitutes one sizeable component of student
“swirl”. Building on the very limited work on this topic, I examine whether the reported high prevalence of lateral transfer
holds true under a more stringent operational framework than that employed in prior work. I explore whether lateral transfer
is primarily an artifact of students enrolling simultaneously in multiple community colleges, sometimes called “double-dipping”.
I investigate the timing of lateral transfer from several different perspectives to determine how lateral transfer fits in
students’ progress and development. Finally, I probe the relationship between students’ level of academic investment in their
current community college and the risk of lateral transfer. 相似文献
8.
Peter Sloat Hoff 《Innovative Higher Education》2009,34(4):203-217
In a crisis-plagued world looking to higher education for knowledge, wisdom, and solutions, higher education itself is stumbling.
Its transformational thinking has frozen up like an overstressed computer program; and we need, in effect, to “push the reset
button.” In 1953, the renowned and controversial president of the University of Chicago, Robert M. Hutchins, authored a refreshing
and provocative work, The University of Utopia, containing ideas that still challenge today’s paradigms. He argued for institutional independence over “accountability,”
“outcomes,” and “stakeholders.” He indicted educational evils he called “industrialization,” “specialization,” “philosophical
diversity,” and “social and political conformity” and suggested ways to defeat them. Although his 56-year-old thoughts on
reconceptualizing the multiversity are not a panacea, they could help higher education make a fresh start. This essay reintroduces
the modern reader to Hutchins’s iconoclastic and stimulating ideas in the hope of restarting the stalled agenda for educational
reform. 相似文献
9.
This study investigates the effective research-based characteristics of professional development (ERBCPD) of the National
Science Foundation’s GK-12 Program—a program which partners institutions of higher education with local school districts and
places science, technology, engineering, and mathematics graduates in the K-12 classroom with teachers. Final evaluations
of 26 GK-12 sites were analyzed with a priori and emergent content analyses, which included rigorous inter- and intra-reliability
testing. The results of the a priori analysis demonstrated that the GK-12 program incorporates all ERBCPD, but to drastically
varying degrees (76–5%). The a priori characteristics that appeared most often were “Treats Fellows as professionals,” and
“Professional development is on-going.” The two emergent characteristics included “Improves communication skills” and “Has
real world application.” 相似文献
10.
In recent years, closing down private higher education institutions (HEIs) has become a serious problem in China. It seems
that doubt is cast on the rationality of private HEIs and severe competition contributes a lot to their development. Many
problems in the process of self-development are caused by both internal and external factors. From the perspective of sustainable
development and the healthy development of students, priority should be given to the evolution of an idea to provide a positive
environment for the development of private HEIs. This paper is an effort to deal with the statement that higher education
in China is a seller's market and aims to do an objective estimate of the development space for private HEIs. In addition,
it shows a clear understanding of establishing the prediction system for relevant issues of private higher education to guarantee
the sound development of private HEIs.
Translated from Gaodeng Jiaoyu Yanjiu 高等教育研究 (Journal of Higher Education), 2006, (5): 46–53 相似文献
11.
Fengchun Cheng 《Frontiers of Education in China》2007,2(3):394-403
Neither of the “Three Industry” Theory nor the “General Agreement of Trading Service” (GATS) of the World Trade Organization
(WTO) can be the essential criteria to analyze the property of education. The property of education can be defined from consumers’
perspective. The direct consumers of education are students; but the ultimate consumers of education include parents, employers,
society and governments as well. From the perspective of consumers, education is both a service and a productive institution.
Translated from Beijing Shifan Daxue Xuebao (Shehui Kexue Ban) 北京师范大学学报 (社会科学版) (Journal of Beijing Normal University (Social Sciences)), 2006, (2): 5–10 相似文献
12.
For several years Portuguese higher education institutions have been waiting for the legislation framework necessary for the
implementation of the Bologna process. Such legislation was passed quite recently (2006) and has resulted in an unexpected
flood of proposals presented at very short notice by higher education institutions to the Ministry. It is possible that such
fast implementation rate corresponds to implementation “in form” rather than “in substance”, thus softening tensions between
the European and the national and local levels. This hypothesis will be tested by analysing the outcomes of a survey conducted
in all higher education institutions that have presented proposals of Bologna-type degree programmes or adaptations of old
degree programmes to the new Bologna-type structure. 相似文献
13.
The aim of this article is to shed light on some aspects of professional responsibility by investigating students’ visions
of future work and notions of professional responsibility. The data is based on interviews with samples of freshmen in three
educational programmes at the University of Oslo in Norway. The data has been analysed in relation to two thesis claimed by
Steven Brint: “The rise of a utilitarian ethos” in higher education and the movement from “social trustee professionalism”
to “expert professionalism”. The findings show that the students in our sample do not think of higher education primarily
as a means to get credentials that will be useful in the labour marked. An intellectual interest in the discipline is the
most prevalent reason for the students’ educational choices. Furthermore our findings support an orientation towards “expert
professionalism” rather than “social trustee professionalism”. But, embedded in the perspective of an expert there is an emphasis on ethical knowledge, moral and/or societal responsibility
and the wish to do good for others. However, the students’ sense of responsibility seems to be restricted to certain “localism”
of their specific occupation. Based on the findings we argue that the students reveal a moral awareness that should be taken
seriously by the educational institution in order to foster critical rationality and professional commitments. 相似文献
14.
By probing into the relationship of senior students’ demand for “internationalization”, students’ expected economic returns
in future careers, and their individual concept of modernity, this study attempts to explore several factors that are influencing
the demand for overseas higher education.
Translated from Jiaoyu Yu Jingji 教育与经济 (Education and Economy), 2006, (1): 51–54 相似文献
15.
There is widespread recognition that higher education institutions (HEIs) must actively support commencing students to ensure
equity in access to the opportunities afforded by higher education. This role is particularly critical for students who because
of educational, cultural or financial disadvantage or because they are members of social groups currently under-represented
in higher education, may require additional transitional support to “level the playing field.” The challenge faced by HEIs
is to provide this “support” in a way that is integrated into regular teaching and learning practices and reaches all commencing
students. The Student Success Program (SSP) is an intervention in operation at the Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
designed to identify and support those students deemed to be at risk of disengaging from their learning and their institution.
Two sets of evidence of the impact of the SSP are presented: First, its expansion (a) from a one-faculty pilot project (Nelson
et al. in Stud Learn Eval Innov Dev 6:1–15, 2009) to all faculties and (b) into a variety of applications mirroring the student life cycle; and second, an evaluation of the
impact of the SSP on students exposed to it. The outcomes suggest that: the SSP is an example of good practice that can be
successfully applied to a variety of learning contexts and student enrolment situations; and the impact of the intervention
on student persistence is sustained for at least 12 months and positively influences student retention. It is claimed that
the good practice evidenced by the SSP is dependent on its integration into the broader First Year Experience Program at QUT
as an example of transition pedagogy in action. 相似文献
16.
义务教育的均衡发展是教育平等的基石 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Tianshan Zeng Youchao Deng Runyong Yang Xiaomei Zuo Zhaohui Chu Xiejing Li 《Frontiers of Education in China》2007,2(4):469-493
Balanced development of compulsory education is not only the cornerstone of education equity, but also the fundamental part
for realizing a harmonious society. There have been several achievements in balancing the development of compulsory education
in China, such as narrowing the gaps in compulsory education between rural, urban, and other areas. However, the development
of compulsory education is still confronted with several issues, including the gaps between rural and urban schools, the gaps
between teacher’s situations in rural and urban area, higher drop-out rates of rural compulsory education than that of the
national average level, etc. Based on the analysis of these issues and reasons, the suggestions for the policy-makers are
as follows: (1) it must be further clarified that governments at all levels must take all responsibilities for the balanced
development of compulsory education so as to integrate local authorities’ input and the central government’s subsidies; (2)
the allocation mechanism of resources for compulsory education should be set up with “qualitative and fair growth” as its
aim; (3) The quality standard for compulsory education based on the national curriculum standard should be worked out for
playing the role of quality inspection in the fair development of compulsory education, and a relevant system of responsibility
should also be established; (4) A national unified card for compulsory education should be adopted, which would help abolish
extra fees for non-permanent-resident students receiving compulsory education in other places and (5) civilian-sponsored schools
should be encouraged to offer compulsory education.
__________
Translated from Jiaoyu Yanjiu 教育研究 (Educational Research), 2007, (2): 3–11 相似文献
17.
In an era of rapid global economic and social change, educational institutions like schools and universities are struggling
to keep their curricula and programs relevant. Singapore’s schools are no exception, especially when education is viewed as
the essential element for maintaining the nation’s global competitiveness in ways that are totally disproportionate to its
size. The current shift from an ‘efficiency-’ to an ‘ability-’ driven paradigm in education, however, is increasing uncertainty
and raising the stakes in an already pressurized system where schools, educators and students constantly compete for top academic
awards and rewards. The concept of “partnership” in Singapore education is a significant, relatively new, trend that has caught
on among local schools only since the late-1990s, with the focus on creating better “total” learning environments for students.
This paper analyses the challenges of matching rhetoric with professional practice with regard to school–home partnerships
in Singapore, and concludes that the key to authentic collaboration lies in the mutual appreciation and valuing of diversity
as well as a deep sense of shared responsibility by all parties concerned. 相似文献
18.
Since the 1980s, children with disabilities in China have been integrated into general education settings; the practice is
termed sui ban jiu du, literally “learning in a regular classroom” (LRC). The term LRC means “receiving special education in general education
classrooms”, and it is regarded as a practical form of inclusion in China. This paper provides context for understanding the
issues of teacher education and inclusion in China by comparing the concept of LRC in China to the international concept of
inclusive education. It discusses the challenges for and development of LRC at the levels of policy and practice. The main
issues involved in teacher education for special/inclusive education are discussed in relation to the culture and context
of current policy and its implementation, teachers’ attitudes toward LRC, the professional competence of LRC teachers, the
shortage of qualified teachers, and the lack of a national system for special education certification. The final section considers
strategies to develop high-quality inclusive education in China from the perspectives of policy development, professional
development, and the development of procedures for policy implementation. 相似文献
19.
20.
Ulrich Teichler 《Higher Education》2008,56(3):349-379
Debates and policies in Europe as regards the diversity of higher education institutions and programmes have changed substantially
over the years. When expansion of the rate of new entry students was expected to grow beyond 10%, diversification between
types of higher education institutions became the most popular option, whereas no consensus emerged as far as the extent of
diversity and the most desirable classifications are concerned. In the 1980s, attention shifted gradually towards “vertical”
differences among institutions of formally the same type. Since the 1990s, more extreme modes of vertical diversity were more
frequently advocated as options to embark into world-wide competition for “world-class university”. The concurrent popular
debates are criticized as blaming moderate vertical inter-institutional diversity, emphasis on intra-institutional diversity,
efforts to put prime emphasis on a variety of profiles of any model other than extreme vertical diversity as counteracting
“quality”, although evidence for the superiority of the model praised is feeble. 相似文献