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《科学学与科学技术管理》2015,(10)
中国作为碳排放大国,如何实现碳减排成为各界关注的焦点。采用2000—2013年省级面板数据,通过中介效应法分析环境规制对碳排放的作用路径,得出环境规制对碳排放不仅存在直接作用效应,还会通过产业结构调整这一路径间接地影响碳排放。在此基础上,采用面板门槛回归模型,实证分析环境规制下产业结构调整对碳排放作用效应的区域异质性以及地方政府晋升锦标赛对产业结构调整的碳减排效应影响。结果表明:环境规制水平越高的地区,产业结构调整的碳减排效应越显著;以地区经济发展水平作为门槛,得到环境规制对产业结构的调整效应与碳排放量呈倒"U"型;以FDI作为门槛,得到环境规制对产业结构的调整效应与碳排放量呈"N"型。据此对我国利用环境规制实现碳减排提出了针对性的对策建议。 相似文献
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《软科学》2019,(8)
利用2009～2017年中国大陆30个省域的面板数据,研究其碳排放绩效并分析其驱动效应。选取资本、能源消费、劳动力为投入指标,GDP为合意产出、碳排放量为非合意产出,采用SE-SBM模型测算全要素碳排放绩效;其次,通过构造门槛面板模型,分析环境规制对碳排放绩效的门槛效应,以及经济发展、产业结构、技术进步、FDI、对外开放等控制变量对碳排放效率的影响效应。结果表明:我国区域的碳排放绩效呈现U型,东、中、西部存在差异,但呈现收敛趋势,就中国现阶段而言,环境规制对碳排放绩效存在双门槛效应,但是目前仍处在"绿色悖论"阶段,人均生产总值、技术进步、FDI、对外开放程度对碳排放效率有促进作用,工业比重与碳排放绩效负相关,未出现"污染避难所"效应。因此,应该选择合理的环境规制政策、改革能源价格、升级产业结构、积极利用外资、提高技术创新能力以保证良性发展。 相似文献
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采用我国2000—2014年30个省份的面板数据构建面板门槛回归模型,从FDI及其与环境规制相结合的角度实证分析FDI对技术创新的影响。研究结果表明,FDI对技术创新存在显著的门槛效应,当经济发展水平和环境规制强度跨越相应门槛时,其能有效促进技术创新;环境规制会抑制FDI技术溢出效应,对技术创新产生间接影响;FDI技术溢出效应存在明显的地区性差异。政府应结合不同地区的现状,有针对性地提高地区经济发展水平,合理制定地区环境规制强度,以此显著提升地区技术创新能力。 相似文献
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利用2001—2013年中国省级面板数据,基于超效率DEA模型测算各地区生态效率,结合面板门槛模型对影响环境规制的生态效率溢出效应的因素及其门槛特征进行分析,发现外商投资规模、开放化程度和研发投入具有显著的门槛特征,在越过一定的门槛值后,环境规制对于生态效率由负面作用变为正向溢出。目前我国绝大多数地区这三项指标均处在门槛值以下,应以合理引进外资、扩大对外开放以及提高研发投入等措施来改善现状,为可持续发展的路径规划提供政策借鉴。 相似文献
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基于中国2003-2010年省域面板数据,以信息化发展指数(IDI)作为门槛变量,构建面板数据门槛回归模型,实证检验技术获取型FDI溢出对技术进步的作用效果。结果表明:人力资本、研发投入是长期推动我国技术进步的重要因素。区域信息化发展不均衡,东部地区门槛值最高,中部地区门槛值最低且呈现集中趋势,西部地区门槛值跨度最大。随着信息化水平的提升,全国与西部地区的技术获取型FDI溢出对技术进步的促进作用呈现出"两头高、中间低"且明显增强的趋势,东部地区呈现稳步增强的促进趋势且贡献率最高,中部地区的抑制作用正逐渐减弱。 相似文献
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本文运用门槛检验方法,测度中国各地区基于经济发展、研发水平及人力资本水平的吸收能力情况。结果表明,GDP、人均GDP、高等教育发展水平存在单一门槛,研发经费投入、研发投入强度存在双重门槛,人力资本存量存在三重门槛。吸收能力跨过一定门槛后,OFDI对中国部分地区技术创新的作用效果会显著提高。能够有效吸收OFDI母国技术创新效应的主要是部分东部沿海地区,而绝大部分中西部地区的省份仍未跨过吸收能力的高门槛。 相似文献
7.
《科学学与科学技术管理》2017,(1)
以供给侧改革为理论出发点,利用1995—2014年中国30个省份的面板数据,分析了不同时期环境规制强度对绿色技术创新的影响。结果表明:在时期I,环境规制挤占了生产的研发投资,对绿色技术创新产生负向的直接和间接效应,在时期II,环境规制对绿色技术创新的直接影响呈"倒U型"关系,通过研发投入对绿色技术创新的间接影响为正,这与时期II创新能力和研发投入水平明显增强密切相关。据此提出,应注重环境规制实施的阶段化差异,加强环境规制,深化环境治理供给侧的改革,有效平衡环境规制和研发政策,并给地区和企业一定的积极适应期,通过增加创新投入、进行技术改革使得创新能力增强。 相似文献
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在我国步入经济发展新常态下,针对研发投入与人力资本的合力能否有效促进科技创新的争议,根据创新价值链理论,将科技创新分成科技研发和科技成果转化两个阶段,选取2000—2018年我国30个省份的面板数据,构建以研发投入为门槛的门槛模型,实证人力资本结构高级化对科技创新的影响。研究发现：（1）人力资本结构高级化有利于科技研发,却不利于科技成果转化;（2）人力资本结构高级化对科技研发存在双重门槛效应,当研发投入分别跨过门槛1.22和1.92后促进作用显著加强,对科技成果转化存在单一门槛效应,研发投入跨过门槛0.24后高级化的抑制作用减弱;（3）科技研发阶段,东部地区人力资本结构高级化的影响比中西部地区更大,但在科技成果转化阶段,东部和中西部区域间人力资本结构高级化的影响差异并不大;（4）尽管人力资本结构高级化抑制科技成果转化,但是人力资本存量对科技成果转化有积极促进作用。基于研究结论,得到应分类施策促进人力资本结构高级化、持续加大研发投入、坚持推进科技体制改革和正确处理好人才引进和人才培养之间关系等管理启示。 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
12.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
13.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):83-96
The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence 相似文献
20.
Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3):267-268
<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese 相似文献