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1.
T. Malati 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2009,24(2):111-122
Reference Intervals denote normative values related to laboratory parameters/analytes used by diagnostic centers for clinical
diagnosis. International guidelines recommend that every country must establish reference intervals for healthy individuals
belonging to a group of homogeneous population. Considering enormous racial and ethnic diversity of Indian population, it
is mandatory to establish reference intervals specific to Indian population. The overview on reference interval describes
why the national organizations in India need to initiate nationwide efforts to establish its own laboratory standards for
apparently healthy reference individuals belonging to our polygenetic, polyethnic, polyracial, multilinguistic and multicultural
predominantly rural and appreciable urban Indian population with varied dietary habits. 相似文献
2.
Rituparna Maji Sukla Nath Surajit Lahiri Mita Saha Das Ajit Ranjan Bhattacharyya Harendra Nath Das 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2014,29(2):167-173
Reference intervals (RIs) of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) were determined in 402 healthy pregnant women by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique after partitioning them into three trimesters. The reference population was chosen from a study population of 610 pregnant females by applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. The assays were done using proper quality control measures. RIs were calculated from the central 95 % of the distribution of TSH and fT4 values located between the lower reference limit of 2.5 percentile and upper reference limit of 97.5 percentile value 0.90 confidence intervals for the upper and lower reference limits were also determined. The reference intervals for TSH were 0.25–3.35 μIU/ml for the first trimester; 0.78–4.96 μIU/ml for the second trimester and 0.89–4.6 μIU/ml for the third trimester. Similarly, the reference intervals for fT4 for first, second and third trimesters were 0.64–2.0, 0.53–2.12 and 0.64–1.98 ng/dl respectively. The values thus obtained varied from those provided by the kit literature. In comparison to our derived reference intervals, the reference data from kit manufacturer under-diagnosed both subclinical hypo- and hyper-thyroidism within our pregnant reference population. 相似文献
3.
Mascha Verma Rashmi Khadapkar Priyadarshi Soumyaranjan Sahu Bibhu Ranjan Das 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2006,21(2):90-94
An increase in the communication within the healthcare services, both nationally and internationally, has strengthened the
need for harmonization of measurements and reference intervals in laboratory medicine. In the present report, the calculated
reference interval for serum creatinine (sCr) levels of healthy normal individuals (n=1121) in different sex and age groups
are compared with the established interval. The calculated reference interval for sCr level was 0.4–1.3 mg/dL and 0.6 to 1.3
mg/dL in the age groups of 21–40 and 41–60 years respectively. The difference between the mean sCr values in total males and
total females (age range 21–60 years) was statistically significant (p<0.0001); When male and female subjects were analyzed
age-group wise, the data showed a significant difference in mean sCr values (p<0.0001) in three age groups (21–30, 31–40 and
41–50 years) however, in older age group (51–60 years), the difference was non-significant (p=0.07). The reference ranges
were 0.7–1.3 and 0.4–1.0 mg/dL for males and females respectively where the lower limit was 0.1–0.2 units less than that of
standard limits. An increase in the mean value of sCr was observed particularly in females with an increase in age. Hence
it is of interest to validate an age specific reference ranges for sCr in our population. 相似文献
4.
Sultana Furruqh D. Anitha T. Venkatesh 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2004,19(2):72-79
Reference intervals in clinical chemistry are commonly based on results of measurements in reference western population or
are taken from the western literature. Reference Values are thought to aid physicians to interpret results of measurements
and, should be representative of a defined group of individuals. This group should be as similar as possible to the patients
under investigation. The reference population in this, study has been recruited from the individuals attending the Health
Plan Clinic who fulfill the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria as well as defined partition criteria. The samples were
sorted based on the decision by the physician. The emerging group of individuals was considered as a reference population
for the hospital patients and the results of measurements in this study was evaluated statistically, to stress on the urgent
need to establish the in-house reference values. The reference limits are defined as the central 95 percentile of the population
after eliminating the outliers. The lower, reference limit is the 2.5 percentile while the upper reference limit constituted
the 97.5 percentile for the population. 相似文献
5.
Alice Atieno Juma Joseph Jeremiah Ngari Ngeranwa Eliud Nyaga Mwaniki Njagi 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2012,27(1):40-45
A population based, cross-sectional study was carried out at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in collaboration with the
Regional Blood Transfusion Center, North Rift. 367 participants (211 males and 156 females) were involved in the renal function
reference range establishment. Reference ranges were constructed using non-parametric methods to estimate 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles
of distribution as lower and upper reference limits, respectively. Results showed significant sex and age specific reference
values in some of the established renal function parameters. North Rift Kenyan population clinical chemistry reference ranges
differ from the American values commonly used in Kenyan Hospitals. The renal function reference values established in this
study some of which are sex and age specific can be adopted for the North Rift Kenyan population. 相似文献
6.
Mohammad Taha Jalali Abdolhosain Mosavi Honomaror Abdolkarim Rekabi Mahmod Latifi 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2013,28(3):277-282
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are recognized as major mortality causes and imposes tremendously heavy socio-economic burden worldwide. A vast variety of risk factors have been introduced in the literature known to enhance the incidence of CVD, such as hyperlipidemia. Therefore in order to make an accurate clinical decision it is essential to have appropriate reference ranges for lipids and lipoprotein particles in a particular population. Healthy female (n = 601) and male (n = 617) cases were randomly selected according to certain exclusion criteria from individuals visiting the major University hospital clinics situated in different part of Ahvaz city, Iran, from June 2010 to December 2010. Fasting blood samples (10 ml) were collected and analyzed for total cholesterol, total triglyceride and HDL-C employing enzymatic assays of CHOD-PAP, GPO-PAP and homogenous methods respectively. The samples were obtained such to include the ethnic populations of Persian, Arab. Lore leaving in this city. The data were analyzed statistically by SPSS-18 software. The obtained results were analyzed then age ethnic-wise and reference ranges (mean ± 1SD) were calculated. Remarkable differences between the obtained results for our population with other nations were seen. Also ethnic difference for HDL-C among our cases was noted. The observed significant differences among different nations and ethnicities emphasizes the need for nation-specific, local reference ranges for lipids and lipoproteins particles, to be established. 相似文献
7.
网络环境下的参考咨询服务 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
本文对网络环境下的参考咨询服务工作的产生、工具、价值和服务模式以及为适应用户需求及数字图书馆建设的需要而推动的服务作了论述,探讨了参考咨询服务工作中的几个问题,提出了当前虚拟参考咨询服务的主要形式和发展趋势以及今后努力的方向。 相似文献
8.
Kapil D. Lahiri Himadri Datta Harendra N. Das 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2014,29(1):74-78
Hyperhomocysteinemia has been shown to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease as well as retinal vascular occlusion. Because of the epidemiological, dietary, genetic and environmental diversity among the different countries, each country should establish the reference interval of homocysteine of their own population for recommending appropriate medical decision limits. Hence a total of 1,288 apparently healthy subjects including 636 male and 652 female were enrolled in the present study to determine the reference intervals of homocysteine in an Indian population. Results of the study were presented as mean, standard deviation, median and 2.5th and 97.5th percentile with the 0.90 confidence interval of each percentile values of homocysteine along with decade-wise changes. 相似文献
9.
Pushpa Durgawale Sangita Patil P. S. Shukla Ajit Sontakke Satish Kakade Sunil Yadav 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2009,24(1):30-35
Fasting samples of 914 subjects from healthy population were analyzed for total cholesterol, triglyceride and three major
fractions of lipoproteins i.e. high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low lipoprotein cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein
cholesterol. The values obtained were (in mg/dl) 165.7±30.2,88.36±31.2, 44.86±10.68, 101.66±29.8 and 18.11±7.35 respectively.
When these subjects were grouped according to the age and sex, no appropriate differences were observed between most of the
groups. Triglycerides were found to be low and HDL cholesterol was high in female when compared with male of similar age.
Beyond age 40 years cholesterol level and low density lipoprotein cholesterol was found to be gradually increased in case
of women. Minor difference was observed with dietary pattern. Present study suggests that clinical evaluation of patient should
be made on the basis of these reference values for Western Maharashtra population. 相似文献
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大学图书馆参考服务的发展趋势 总被引:16,自引:2,他引:16
Internet及电子信息资源给大学图书馆的参考服务带来了冲击和挑战,文章分析了当前参考服务环境的变化,根据国外图书馆实施数字化参考服务的状况,提出了参考服务数字化和深层次化是今后大学图书馆参考服务的发展趋势。 相似文献
12.
12hrs fasting samples of 1485 apparently healthy, Assamese population in the age group of 20–80 yrs., mostly from the urban
area of Assam were tested for serum lipid profile that includes total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high density lipoprotein
cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) over
a period of three years. The values (median and range in mg/dl) obtained were 170 (93–263); 110 (40–256); 40 (23–73); 103
(40–173) and 22 (8–51) respectively. After grouping these subjects according to the age and sex no significant difference
were observed between most of the groups. Median and upper range of total cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C were found to be higher
in women than in men in all the age groups. But triacylglycerol and VLDL-C concentrations were observed to be higher in the
men than women except in age group of 61–70 yrs. It can be suggested that lipid values obtained in this study can be used
as the reference value, based on which clinical correlation can be made. 相似文献
13.
M. Mercedes Martínez-Gonzlez Pablo de la Fuente 《Information processing & management》2007,43(6):1808
References to parts of structured documents use their structure to locate the piece of document which is the reference target. On the other hand, XML has become an increasingly important language for structured documents. One of its most important related languages is XPath, the language that permits fragments of XML documents to be selected. In this article we present a methodology, and an application case, to automatically extract and solve references to fragments of structured documents. This approach combines structure manipulation and information extraction, to enhance reference extraction tools by improving the precision of the references extracted. We take advantage of XML markup to locate the position within the structure in which the references are found. The use of XPath, one of the most important XML related languages, for reference resolution is original: the resolution tool automatically builds XPath expressions. This proposal is inspired (and implemented) from our work with legislative documents. 相似文献
14.
Yesim Ozarda 《Biochemia medica : ?asopis Hrvatskoga dru?tva medicinskih biokemi?ara / HDMB》2016,26(1):5-11
Reliable and accurate reference intervals (RIs) for laboratory analyses are an integral part of the process of correct interpretation of clinical laboratory test results. RIs given in laboratory reports have an important role in aiding the clinician in interpreting test results in reference to values for healthy populations. Since the 1980s, the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) has been proactive in establishing recommendations to clarify the true significance of the term ‘RIs, to select the appropriate reference population and statistically analyse the data. The C28-A3 guideline published by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and IFCC is still the most widely-used source of reference in this area. In recent years, protocols additional to the Guideline have been published by the IFCC, Committee on Reference Intervals and Decision Limits (C-RIDL), including all details of multicenter studies on RIs to meet the requirements in this area. Multicentric RIs studies are the most important development in the area of RIs. Recently, the C-RIDL has performed many multicentric studies to obtain common RIs. Confusion of RIs and clinical decision limits (CDLs) remains an issue and pediatric and geriatric age groups are a significant problem. For future studies of RIs, the genetic effect would seem to be the most challenging area.
The aim of the review is to present the current theory and practice of RIs, with special emphasis given to multicenter RIs studies, RIs studies for pediatric and geriatric age groups, clinical decision limits and partitioning by genetic effects on RIs.Key words: multicenter study, common reference intervals, reference values, clinical decision limits, genetic information 相似文献
The aim of the review is to present the current theory and practice of RIs, with special emphasis given to multicenter RIs studies, RIs studies for pediatric and geriatric age groups, clinical decision limits and partitioning by genetic effects on RIs.Key words: multicenter study, common reference intervals, reference values, clinical decision limits, genetic information 相似文献
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网络参考咨询服务模式研究 总被引:23,自引:1,他引:23
概述了网络参考咨询服务概念及特征,详细论述了目前网络参考咨询服务3种主要模式:电子参考咨询服务、实时参考咨询服务、合作数字参考咨询服务,分析归纳了各个模式的特点,提出优化网络参考咨询服务的5条措施。 相似文献
18.
在概括了网络环境下图书馆数字参考服务的概念、涵义和形式的基础上,详细论述了国外图书馆开发运行的几种合作式数字参考服务模式,以及我国图书馆合作式数字参考服务开展的情况。通过对比分析,指出我国图书馆应寻求适应我国国情和馆情的数字参考服务合作化发展之路。 相似文献
19.
Innovators and imitators: Organizational reference groups and adoption of organizational routines 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Firms vary greatly in their rates of creating and adopting technological and organizational innovations, in part because of their choice of reference group. We argue that the selection of a reference group is a crucial and neglected source of firm heterogeneity. Comparisons to the average of other firms in a population cause most firms to adopt innovations once they are widely accepted. A distinctive feature of the minority of innovating firms that create innovations or adopt them early is that they compare themselves with, compete with, and try to differ from other innovating firms, whereas the majority of firms compare themselves with, and conform to, a broader group of firms. We elaborate this argument based on the behavioral theory of the firm and institutional theory, and test it on a two-period survey on adoptions of innovative organizational forms in Europe and the US. The analysis shows the predicted differences in the adoption patterns of innovating and imitating firms. 相似文献
20.
Shrilekha Sairam Suhasini Domalapalli Sundaram Muthu Jayanthi Swaminathan Vivek A. Ramesh Lalitha Sekhar Palak Pandeya Udhaya Balasubramaniam 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2014,29(3):290-297
Clinical reference intervals among Indian population are poorly defined. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish local clinical laboratory reference intervals for healthy Indian population. The present study aimed to identify the 95 % reference interval for hematological and biochemical parameters in apparently healthy Indian population. We undertook a multicentric cross-sectional study conducted at Apollo Hospitals Educational and Research Foundation across India. Of which 10,665 reference individuals identified as healthy by physicians. The 95 % of the reference distribution was estimated using 2.5th and 97.5th percentile reference limits. The 95 % reference intervals for hemoglobin (Males: 12.3–17 g/dL; Females: 9.9–14.3 g/dL), platelet count (Males: 1.3–3.8; Females: 1.3–4.2 Lakhs/µL), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (Males: 2–22; Females: 4–55 mm/h), serum uric acid in males: 3.5–8.2 mg/dL, gamma glutamyl transferase (Males: 13–61 U/L), fasting blood glucose (Males: 78–110 mg/dL), total cholesterol (Males: 115–254 mg/dL), low density lipoprotein (Males: 60–176 mg/dL) and triglycerides (Males: 55–267 mg/dL, Females: 52–207 mg/dL) were different from currently used reference values. Additionally need for gender based partitioning were observed for triglycerides and gamma glutamyl transferase. The observed findings are of clinical significance and it needs to be validated with additional community based studies. 相似文献