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1.
Concept mapping was developed as a method of displaying and organizing hierarchical knowledge structures. Using the new, multidimensional presentation software Prezi, we have developed a new teaching technique designed to engage higher-level skills in the cognitive domain. This tool, synthesis mapping, is a natural evolution of concept mapping, which utilizes embedding to layer information within concepts. Prezi’s zooming user interface lets the author of the presentation use both depth as well as distance to show connections between data, ideas, and concepts. Students in the class Biology of Cancer created synthesis maps to illustrate their knowledge of tumorigenesis. Students used multiple organizational schemes to build their maps. We present an analysis of student work, placing special emphasis on organization within student maps and how the organization of knowledge structures in student maps can reveal strengths and weaknesses in student understanding or instruction. We also provide a discussion of best practices for instructors who would like to implement synthesis mapping in their classrooms. 相似文献
2.
An Investigation of Concept Mapping to Improve the Reading Comprehension of Science Texts 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Kevin Oliver 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2009,18(5):402-414
This study investigated how well 74 6th-grade science students represented text structures from a 900-word textbook chapter
on soil conservation, given a concept map template with four superordinate terms and 24 unsorted concepts. Findings suggest
students were more successful at classifying pre-selected terms under given superordinate categories than they were at fully
identifying relevant concept sets and articulating three different relationship types between terms. No significant differences
were noted in the mapping performance of students at different reading levels. About two-third of students indicated they
enjoyed concept mapping and would prefer to both read and map rather than just read without mapping. Students also expressed
a strong preference for mapping in pairs or small groups compared to mapping alone. Multiple recommendations are provided
for improving the relational thinking of students tasked with concept mapping expository science texts, including bridging
to more open-ended maps, embedding mapping in longer-term inquiry projects, and leveraging collaborative and tool-based scaffolds. 相似文献
3.
Marion Haugwitz John C. Nesbit Angela Sandmann 《Learning and individual differences》2010,20(5):536-543
Data were gathered from 248 secondary students (14 years old, 56% female) who learned about the circulatory system in 77 self-selected collaborative groups. The learning outcomes of biology students who summarised by collaborative concept mapping were compared with those of students who summarised by collaborative writing. Learning groups randomly assigned to construct concept maps instead of conventional summaries generated more relations in the summary task and their members obtained higher individual scores on a post-test. The concept mapping strategy was found to be advantageous only for students whose cognitive ability was below the median for the sample and who were placed in groups with other students having low cognitive ability. 相似文献
4.
This study investigates the effect of a shared concept-mapping task on high school students' learning about kinematics in a collaborative simulation-based inquiry setting. Pairs of students were randomly assigned to a concept-mapping condition (12 pairs) or a control condition (13 pairs). Students in the concept-mapping condition had a computer-supported collaborative concept-mapping tool that aimed to integrate concepts and propositions. Students in the control condition used the same learning environment without the concept-mapping tool. Students' interactions with each other and with the simulation were tracked by log files. Learning was assessed with tests of intuitive and structural knowledge and a proposition test. Students in the concept-mapping condition exchanged significantly more chat messages related to experimentation, interpretation, and drawing conclusions and were more engaged in integration-oriented consensus building, which regression analysis showed to be positively related to learning gains for both intuitive and structural knowledge. Students in the concept-mapping condition outperformed their peers on the intuitive and structural knowledge tests. These results suggest that concept maps can positively influence consensus-building activities and learning in a collaborative inquiry-learning setting. The findings of the current study thereby contribute to the ongoing debate about (shared) graphical representations as scaffolds for collaborative learning. 相似文献
5.
Tania von der Heidt 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2015,40(2):286-308
This paper explains the application of concept mapping to help foster a learning-centred approach. It investigates how concept maps are used to measure the change in learning following a two-week intensive undergraduate Marketing Principles course delivered to 162 Chinese students undertaking a Bachelor of Business Administration programme in China. Using four scoring procedures (breadth of knowledge, relational quality, structural quality and holistic quality), student learning is assessed in terms of prior and new knowledge, as well as improvement in knowledge structure. Concept map scores are correlated with conventional measures of overall student performance. The results provide strong evidence for improvement in students’ ability to externalise new learned concepts resulting from intensive instruction. Incorporating concept maps as a contemporary method of learning in the curriculum potentially enriches student learning, provides a measure of the impact of teaching on students’ learning and adds value to students’ higher education experience. 相似文献
6.
《Learning and individual differences》2007,17(2):193-199
This paper evaluates the effectiveness of concept maps as a teaching and learning tool in university level Principles of Microeconomics courses in Australia and USA. Concept mapping was incorporated in the teaching material in both courses at different countries and, at the end of the semester, the students completed a survey regarding the use, effectiveness, and accessibility of concept maps. It was revealed that USA students valued concept maps relatively less than Australian students. We provide two explanations: First, there may be differences in prior training in economic and/or concept mapping between Australian and USA students. Second, there were significant differences in class structure, which caused the link between collaborative study-groups and the construction of concept maps to not be maintained in the case of USA students. 相似文献
7.
Karthigeyan Subramaniam Pamela Esprívalo Harrell 《Educational research; a review for teachers and all concerned with progress in education》2013,55(3):217-236
Background: Literature contends that a teacher’s knowledge of concept map-based tasks influence how their students perceive the task and execute the creation of acceptable concept maps. Teachers who are skilled concept mappers are able to (1) understand and apply the operational terms to construct a hierarchical/non-hierarchical concept map; (2) identify the legitimacy of the constructed concept map by verifying its graphical structure and its educational utility; and (3) determine the inherent ‘good’ and ‘poor’ qualities of the resulting graphical structure to reiterate the ‘good’ qualities and to coach and provide feedback to alleviate ‘poor’ qualities.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of prospective teachers’ knowledge underpinning the technique used to construct concept maps and thus, explicate their facility to construct concept maps.Sample, Design and Methods: Data consisted of 200 concept maps constructed by prospective teachers in an elementary science methods course.Results: Analysis revealed that the prospective teachers had predominantly constructed either hierarchical and/or non-hierarchical concept maps. It is likely that their maps reflect the teaching that they themselves would have experienced in their science classrooms during their own education. Additionally, most of these concepts maps only contained the root concept and subordinate concepts and lacked directional linking lines, linking phrases, labelled lines and propositions.Conclusions: We argue that teacher educators need to assess their prospective teachers’ understanding of concept mapping in relation to the legitimacy (the nature and quality) of the end-products (graphical structures) of such practices. Prospective teachers also need to understand the educational utility of concept mapping in terms of how these end-products impact and/or effectuate learning. 相似文献
8.
9.
《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2012,36(1):1-14
Concept mapping activities were trialed over a 2 year period as part of an undergraduate microbiology course. This paper describes this developmental process and offers insight into the most beneficial ways of employing this tool in a higher education setting. The aim was to investigate the use of mapping activities to improve students' integration of the material presented and as a method of course evaluation. It was found that the emphasis placed on concepts at the beginning of the course had a profound influence on the trajectory of conceptual development exhibited by students. Once established, initial conceptual structures seemed resistant to change and restricted the subsequent choice of superordinate concepts. The approach was modified in the second year. Students were encouraged to restructure their understanding by producing a concept map as part of a collaborative group. The concept labels were prescribed and excluded the terminology that had appeared to constrain conceptual development in the previous year. Findings suggest that in order to optimize concept mapping activities they should: (1) reflect a student‐centred teaching philosophy; (2) be collaborative; (3) be given sufficient time for reflection and development; (4) avoid using specific terms that restrict conceptual development by hindering appropriate switching between opposing conceptual frameworks. Linking the mapping activity to course grades provided an extrinsic motivation for active engagement in the task. 相似文献
10.
Sabine Gerstner Franz X. Bogner 《Educational research; a review for teachers and all concerned with progress in education》2013,55(4):425-438
Background: This study deals with the application of concept mapping to the teaching and learning of a science topic with secondary school students in Germany. Purpose: The main research questions were: (1) Do different teaching approaches affect concept map structure or students' learning success? (2) Is the structure of concept maps influenced by gender? (3) Is the concept map structure a reliable indicator of students' learning success? Sample: One hundred and forty-nine high-achieving 5th-grade students from four German secondary schools participated in the study. The average age of participants was 10½ years. Gender distribution was balanced. Students produced concept maps working in small, single-sex groups. Design and methods: There were two teaching approaches used: one based upon teacher-centred instruction and one consisting of student-centred learning. Both were followed by a concept-mapping phase. Student groups experienced either one or the other teaching approach. Concept map structures were analysed using of the method of Kinchin, Hay and Adams. We defined three different possible types of concept map structure: spokes, chains and nets. Furthermore, for assessing a student's short- and longer-term learning success, we constructed a multiple-choice knowledge test applied in a pre-, post-, retention-test design. Parametric tests, such as MANOVA, one-way ANOVA and t-tests were used to identify any differences in gender, teaching approach, number of nets per concept map and their interactions. Results: Type of teaching approach had an effect on concept map structure but not on students' longer-term learning success. Students of the teacher-centred approach produced more net structures than those students who participated in the hands-on instruction. Subsequent analyses showed in total more net structures for female groups. The interaction of gender and number of nets per concept map showed a significant effect on students' longer-term learning success. Conclusion: The study suggests that Kinchin's classification scheme for assessing concept map quality may be a good indicator of students' learning success when applied in combination with a knowledge test. 相似文献
11.
12.
The psychometric characteristics and practicality of concept mapping as a technique for classroom assessment were evaluated. Subjects received 90 min of training in concept mapping techniques and were given a list of terms and asked to produce a concept map. The list of terms was from a course in which they were enrolled. The maps were scored by pairs of graduate students, each pair using one of six different scoring methods. The score reliability of the six scoring methods ranged from r = .23 to r = .76. The highest score reliability was found for the method based on the evaluation of separate propositions represented. Correlations of map scores with a measure of the concept maps' similarity to a master map provided evidence supporting the validity of five of the six scoring methods. The times required to provide training in concept mapping, produce concepts, and score concept maps were compatible with the adoption of concept mapping as classroom assessment technique. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 36: 475–492, 1999 相似文献
13.
The role of writing in learning from analogies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Perry D. Klein Sabrina Piacente-Cimini Laura A. Williams 《Learning and Instruction》2007,17(6):595-611
14.
In English for academic purposes courses, group oral presentations are quite common but essay writing tends to be seen as an individual endeavour, albeit with scope for peer review. This article discusses action research reflecting on student perceptions of a framework to support students through a semester-long collaborative essay assignment in an English-medium instruction university in Macau. The framework presented incorporates collaborative and individual assignment tasks, assisted by information and communications technology, to support the collaborative process and facilitate the assessment of the individual within the group. Even though writing in a group may take more time and effort, it is viewed favourably by the majority of students due to the additional learning gains to be made by writing collaboratively, including the increased quality of ideas and the social interactions (face-to-face and online) required to come to agreement. 相似文献
15.
Ali Günay Balım 《Irish Educational Studies》2013,32(4):437-456
The study aims to investigate the effects of using mind maps and concept maps on students' learning of concepts in science courses. A total of 51 students participated in this study which used a quasi-experimental research design with pre-test/post-test control groups. The constructivist-inspired study was carried out in the sixth-grade science course unit of ‘Light and Sound’ in a primary school with two experimental groups and one control group. The intervention was held in the experimental group 1 by using technology-assisted technique of mind mapping, in the experimental group 2 by using technology-assisted technique of concept mapping, and in the control group by means of traditional classroom instruction. After the intervention in the experimental groups, concept tests and open-ended questions related to the unit were used as post-tests. According to the data obtained from concept tests, it was found out that all groups' understanding of concepts was equivalent. Significantly, students in the experimental group 2 reported positive opinions, stating that learning through concept maps was useful and engaging. 相似文献
16.
Nadira Saab Wouter van Joolingen Bernadette van Hout-Wolters 《Metacognition and Learning》2012,7(1):7-23
Regulation of the learning process is an important condition for efficient and effective learning. In collaborative learning,
students have to regulate their collaborative activities (team regulation) next to the regulation of their own learning process
focused on the task at hand (task regulation). In this study, we investigate how support of collaborative inquiry learning
can influence the use of regulative activities of students. Furthermore, we explore the possible relations between task regulation,
team regulation and learning results. This study involves tenth-grade students who worked in pairs in a collaborative inquiry
learning environment that was based on a computer simulation, Collisions, developed in the program SimQuest. Students of the
same team worked on two different computers and communicated through chat. Chat logs of students from three different conditions
are compared. Students in the first condition did not receive any support at all (Control condition). In the second condition,
students received an instruction in effective communication, the RIDE rules (RIDE condition). In the third condition, students
were, in addition to receiving the RIDE rules instruction, supported by the Collaborative Hypothesis Tool (CHT), which helped
the students with formulating hypotheses together (CHT condition). The results show that students overall used more team regulation
than task regulation. In the RIDE condition and the CHT condition, students regulated their team activities most often. Moreover,
in the CHT condition the regulation of team activities was positively related to the learning results. We can conclude that
different measures of support can enhance the use of team regulative activities, which in turn can lead to better learning
results. 相似文献
17.
We investigated how different levels of information presented by various technologies affected secondary students' understanding of acid, base, and pH concepts. Secondary students who were selected for the study had just completed their study of acid–base chemistry. No attempt was made to provide further instruction. We analyzed changes in the understanding of individual students by constructing concept maps from the propositions that the students used in interviews conducted before and after a series of acid–base titrations. After the initial interview, students were divided into three groups. Within each group, students individually performed the same set of titrations using different technologies: chemical indicators, pH meters, and microcomputer-based laboratories (MBL). After the titrations were completed, all students were interviewed again. We found that students using MBL exhibited a larger positive shift in their concept map scores, which indicates a greater differentiation and integration of their knowledge of acids and bases. The chemical indicator students exhibited a more moderate positive shift in their concept map scores, and the pH meter students exhibited a smaller positive shift. We also found that the MBL students constructed more inappropriate links in their concept maps than the chemical indicator or pH meter students. However, we speculate that this increased number of inappropriate links indicates a high level of involvement with the technology. We therefore argue that the level of information offered by the technology affected students' understanding of the chemical concepts. 相似文献
18.
Annick Weil-Barais 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1994,9(4):367-383
The heuristic value of the concept ofzone of proximal development in the field of scientific instruction is demonstrated by means of a study on the construction of the concept offorce by students aged 14 and 15. Based on an analysis of the differences between the students’ intuitive concepts and those taught in school, a sequence of learning steps are proposed to allow students to achieve the “shifts” needed to receive the concept of force, defined as an interaction between systems. Acting on the zone of proximal development means taking advantage of what students already know in order to help them construct precursory concepts in preparation for new conceptual propositions. The original teaching sequence presented is based on experimental problem situations designed to promote modelling skills. Students are asked to make predictions about measurement variations. To perform these prediction tasks, they must construct new concepts and use specific representation techniques. The study enabled us to show that it is possible in ten sessions to lead students to construct a precursor for the formal concept of force. 相似文献
19.
William J. Pankratius 《科学教学研究杂志》1990,27(4):315-333
Direct teaching of problem-solving methods to high school physics students met with little success. Expert problem solving depended upon an organized knowledge base. Concept mapping was found to be a key to organizing an effective knowledge base. The investigation of the effect of the degree of concept mapping on achievement was the purpose of this study. Six intact high school physics classes, taught by this investigator, took part in the study. Two classes were control groups and received standard instruction. Four classes received six weeks of concept-mapping instruction prior to the unit under study. Two of these four classes were the low-level treatment group and were required to submit concept maps at the conclusion of the instruction. The other two classes were the high-level treatment group and were required to submit concept maps at the beginning and at the conclusion of the unit under study. One class from each treatment group took a pretest prior to instruction. An analysis of the posttest results revealed no pretest sensitization. A one-way analysis of covariance indicated a significant main effect for the treatment level at the p < 0.05 level. A pair of single-df comparisons of the adjusted treatment means resulted in significant differences (p < 0.05) between the control group and the average of the treatment means as well as between the two experimental groups. It can be concluded that for this sample (upper-middle-class high school physics students) mapping concepts prior to, during, and subsequent to instruction led to greater achievement as measured by posttest scores. 相似文献
20.
李海峰 《宁波大学学报(教育科学版)》2014,(1):81-84
本文以数字媒体概论课程的探究式教学改革实践为研究主体,重点探讨大学专业课程探究式教学改革与实践的创新思路。课堂教学改革思路着重体现在课程设计的自主学习上,在创新教学课程的理念指导下,以专业学科探究为基本特征的教学活动。教学改革的实践过程是在教师的启发诱导下,以学生的议题设置、小组讨论、创新思辨和实际操作等独立自主学习形式为前提,进行围绕教学主干内容的实践探究,并让学生以自身的网络数字生活、数字营销以及数字网络社区实践为参照对象,切合自主学习的探究内容,在充分自由表达、质疑、探究、讨论问题的环境中,通过个人、小组和相互间的思辨等多种解难释疑尝试活动,着重培养学生的创新思维和思辨能力。 相似文献