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1.
?se Hansson 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2012,81(1):103-125
In the multilingual mathematics classroom, the assignment for teachers to scaffold students by means of instruction and guidance in order to facilitate language progress and learning for all is often emphasized. In Sweden, where mathematics education is characterized by a low level of teacher responsibility for students’ performance, this responsibility is in part passed on to students. However, research investigating the complexity of relations between mathematics teaching and learning in multilingual classrooms, as well as effect studies of mathematics teaching, often take the existence of teachers’ responsibility for offering specific content activities for granted. This study investigates the relations between different aspects of responsibility in mathematics teaching and students’ performance in the multilingual mathematics classroom. The relationship between different group compositions and how the responsibility is expressed is also investigated. Multilevel structural equation models using TIMSS 2003 data identified a substantial positive influence on mathematics achievement of teachers taking responsibility for students’ learning processes by organizing and offering a learning environment where the teacher actively and openly supports the students in their mathematics learning, and where the students also are active and learn mathematics themselves. A correlation was also revealed between group composition, in terms of students’ social and linguistic background, and how mathematics teaching was performed. This relationship indicates pedagogical segregation in Swedish mathematics education by teachers taking less responsibility for students’ learning processes in classes with a high proportion of students born abroad or a high proportion of students with low socio-economic status. 相似文献
2.
谢歆鑫 《张家口职业技术学院学报》2012,(1):76-78
针对高职院校高等数学教学效果不佳的现状,以及数学与物理在发展过程中互相影响、互相促进的独特关系,通过实践教学案例发现,合理运用物理情境辅助数学教学,可以使得数学教学具体、生动和形象,进而达到启发学生实际应用和培养学生综合素质的教学目的。 相似文献
3.
将师生关系置于生态学视域内,为构建相融相生的教学生态环境切入科学视角。指出数学教学之师生关系研究的意义：师生关系是构建数学教学环境的生物因素;构建数学教学资源的动态因素;有生命的师生关系是提高数学教学有效性的前提。故从四个方面提出思考：生态学限制因子定律;阿里氏原则;教育生态位原理;教育生态系统的整体效应。 相似文献
4.
In mathematics education, a vast amount of research has shown that students of different ages have a strong tendency to apply
linear or proportional models anywhere, even in situations where they are not applicable. For example, in geometry it is known
that many students believe that if the sides of a figure are doubled, the area is doubled too. However, also history of science
provides several cases of thinkers who inadequately postulated linear relations to describe situations. This article focuses
on secondary school students’ over-reliance on linearity in physics. Now and then, science educators report students’ tendency
to assume and impose linear relations in physics, but—as far as we know—no substantial efforts were undertaken to study this
phenomenon systematically. We conducted an empirical investigation aimed at identifying the competence of 8th- and 11th-graders—before
and after being taught the relevant physical topics—to qualitatively grasp various situations in physics, as well as their
tendency to quantify that qualitative insight linearly. The results provide an ambivalent picture of students’ overuse of
linearity in physics: Although linear reasoning is sometimes used as a default strategy, even after instruction that addresses
the relevant physical contents, this study also indicates that context is taken into account more often than is suggested
by research on mathematical problem solving. 相似文献
5.
Thomas Goetz Hanna Cronjaeger Anne C. Frenzel Oliver Lüdtke Nathan C. Hall 《Contemporary educational psychology》2010
The present study investigated the relations between academic self-concepts and the emotions of enjoyment, pride, anxiety, anger, and boredom as experienced in mathematics, physics, German, and English classes (N = 1710; grades 8 and 11). In line with our hypotheses derived from appraisal-based emotion theories and self-efficacy research, within-domain relations between self-concepts and emotions were relatively strong and notably stronger within quantitative domains (mathematics and physics) than verbal domains (German and English). Also consistent with our hypotheses, stronger relations between self-concepts and emotions were observed among older students. Self-concept and emotion relations further differed as a function of the specific emotion assessed, with pride showing the strongest and boredom the weakest relations with academic self-concepts in the four domains assessed. Methodological and educational implications as well as directions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
6.
Yong Wook Cheong 《Science & Education》2016,25(5-6):611-628
An ontological causal relation is a quantified relation between certain interactions and changes in corresponding properties. Key ideas in physics, such as Newton’s second law and the first law of thermodynamics, are representative examples of these relations. In connection with the teaching and learning of these relations, this study investigated three issues: the appropriate view concerning ontological category, the role and status of ontological causal relations, and university students’ understanding of the role and status of these relations. Concerning the issue of proper ontology, this study suggests an alternative view that distinguishes between interaction and property at the macroscopic level, in contrast to Chi and colleagues’ influential view. Concerning the role and status of the relations, we conclude that fundamental ontological causal relations should be regarded as knowledge at the core of relevant physics theories. However, upon analysis of participants’ responses, this study finds that university students’ views on the status of the heat capacity relation and Newton’s second law are quite different. Several possible educational implications of these results are discussed. 相似文献
7.
David Buschhüter Christian Spoden Andreas Borowski 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(9):1109-1132
ABSTRACTOver the last decades, the percentage of the age group choosing to pursue university studies has increased significantly across the world. At the same time, there are university teachers who believe that the standards have fallen. There is little research on whether students nowadays demonstrate knowledge or abilities similar to that of the preceding cohorts. However, in times of educational expansion, empirical evidence on student test performance is extremely helpful in evaluating how well educational systems cope with the increasing numbers of students. In this study, we compared a sample of 2322 physics freshmen from 2013 with another sample of 2718 physics freshmen from 1978 at universities in Germany with regard to their physics knowledge based on their results in the same entrance test. Previous results on mathematics knowledge and abilities in the same sample of students indicated that there was no severe decline in their average achievement. This paper compares the physics knowledge of the same two samples of students. Contrary to their mathematics results, their physics results showed a substantial decrease in physics knowledge as measured by the test. 相似文献
8.
This study examines the gender gaps in mathematics and physics in Chinese middle schools. The data is from the Education Bureau management database which includes all middle school students who took high school entrance exam in a district of Beijing from 2006–2013. The ordinary least square model and quantile regression model are applied. This study consistently shows that the gender gap is unfavorable toward female students in mathematics and physics while favorable toward female students in Chinese and English. Gender gaps favoring males in math and physics become more noticeable among the students who receive the top tier scores in math and physics testing. However, females’ students’ advantage in Chinese and English decreases along the distribution from the bottom to the top percentiles. There are significant intersections between rural residency and gender. Rural students (regardless of gender) perform less well than urban students in all subjects and rural female student show the worst testing scores compared with the other subgroups in mathematics and physics. 相似文献
9.
Maria Concetta Capizzo Silvana Nuzzo Michelangelo Zarcone 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2006,31(6):717-727
The case study described in this paper investigates the relationship among some pre-instructional knowledge, the learning gain and the final physics performance of computing engineering students in the introductory physics course. The results of the entrance engineering test (EET) have been used as a measurement of reading comprehension, logic and mathematics skills and basic physics knowledge of a sample of 47 Computing Engineering freshmen at the University of Palermo (Italy). These data give a significant picture of the initial knowledge status of a student choosing engineering studies. The students' physics learning gain has been calculated using a standardized tool in mechanics: the force concept inventory (FCI). The analysis shows that mathematical and physical background contribute to achieve a good final preparation in physics courses of engineering faculties; however the students' learning gain in physics is independent of students' initial level of mathematics skills and physics knowledge. Initial logic skills and reading comprehension abilities are not significant factors for the learning physics gain and the performance on physics courses. 相似文献
10.
数学物理方程课程是数学与应用数学专业的一门基础课,是研究物理学、工程学以及其它自然科学、工程技术中产生的一些典型偏微分方程的课程。它是数学联系实际的一个重要桥梁,但素来以“繁”、 “难”的特点让学生生畏,学生处于被动接受状态,主动探索的空间狭小。本文探讨数学物理方程课程研究性教学的一些尝试、见解和体会。 相似文献
11.
Igal Galili 《Science & Education》2018,27(1-2):7-37
The relationship between physics and mathematics is reviewed upgrading the common in physics classes’ perspective of mathematics as a toolkit for physics. The nature of the physics-mathematics relationship is considered along a certain historical path. The triadic hierarchical structure of discipline-culture helps to identify different ways in which mathematics is used in physics and to appreciate its contribution, to recognize the difference between mathematics and physics as disciplines in approaches, values, methods, and forms. We mentioned certain forms of mathematical knowledge important for physics but often missing in school curricula. The geometrical mode of codification of mathematical knowledge is compared with the analytical one in context of teaching school physics and mathematics; their complementarity is exemplified. Teaching may adopt the examples facilitating the claims of the study to reach science literacy and meaningful learning. 相似文献
12.
《International Journal of Educational Research》1997,27(4):283-292
In two studies, one on secondary mathematics education, the other on secondary physics education, data were collected on students' cognitive achievement and characteristics of students and their learning environment. In this chapter the findings of the two studies are brought together in secondary analyses. The purpose is to explore whether relations between cognitive achievement and characteristics of students and their learning environment can be interpreted from a resource perspective. Although the results only partially support the theoretical model, planning of further research from a resource perspective may be fruitful. 相似文献
13.
Süleyman Turşucu Jeroen Spandaw Steven Flipse Geurt Jongbloed Marc J. de Vries 《International Journal of Science Education》2018,40(12):1493-1519
Senior pre-university education (SPE) students experience difficulties applying mathematics to physics. This paper reports the outcome of an online explorative quantitative study of teachers' belief systems about improving transfer of algebraic skills from mathematics into physics, conducted among 503 mathematics and physics teachers working in SPE. We used a questionnaire with 16 beliefs about improving transfer, and asked teachers to select a top 5 and distribute 50 points among them. We used agglomerative hierarchical clustering to cluster qualified SPE teachers with more than 10 years of teaching experience. We found 3 large clusters, each containing naïve and desirable beliefs about transfer. These clusters turned out to be rather coherent sets of beliefs. Hence, these clusters can be interpreted as belief systems, to a certain extent justifying Ernest's [(1991). The philosophy of mathematics education. London: Falmer.] idea to cluster teachers based on their belief systems. We found relations between our groups and those of Ernest. Since naïve beliefs turn out to be weak in each cluster, science teacher educators can help science teachers to change their harmful naïve beliefs, into desirable transfer enhancing beliefs. Furthermore, we discuss some implications of our results for science teacher educators, curricula, teachers and textbooks. 相似文献
14.
Olaf Uhden Ricardo Karam Maurício Pietrocola Gesche Pospiech 《Science & Education》2012,21(4):485-506
Many findings from research as well as reports from teachers describe students’ problem solving strategies as manipulation
of formulas by rote. The resulting dissatisfaction with quantitative physical textbook problems seems to influence the attitude
towards the role of mathematics in physics education in general. Mathematics is often seen as a tool for calculation which
hinders a conceptual understanding of physical principles. However, the role of mathematics cannot be reduced to this technical
aspect. Hence, instead of putting mathematics away we delve into the nature of physical science to reveal the strong conceptual
relationship between mathematics and physics. Moreover, we suggest that, for both prospective teaching and further research,
a focus on deeply exploring such interdependency can significantly improve the understanding of physics. To provide a suitable
basis, we develop a new model which can be used for analysing different levels of mathematical reasoning within physics. It
is also a guideline for shifting the attention from technical to structural mathematical skills while teaching physics. We
demonstrate its applicability for analysing physical-mathematical reasoning processes with an example. 相似文献
15.
Using longitudinal administrative data to track student achievement and choice, we show how social conditioning shapes gender differences in the choice of STEM study fields, after controlling for prior achievement and socio-economic background. The male majority in advanced matriculation electives in mathematics, physics, and computer science, observed among students in Hebrew-language schools in Israel as in other Western societies, is reversed among Arab students, a society with markedly less gender equality. This greater representation of Arab female students in STEM study fields is only partially explained by the large gender gap favoring girls in eighth-grade mathematics and science achievement in Arabic-language schools. Much of the remaining difference in gender gaps can be traced to differences in the relationship between prior circumstance and choice between the two groups. This belies the notion of a congenital female aversion to traditionally male STEM subjects, and accords with previous findings that gender differences in preferences are greater in societies with greater gender equality. Following a cohort of eight-grade students to matriculation eliminates the selection bias that attenuates estimates of gender gaps in studies that analyze choices of college-bound students. 相似文献
16.
The history of mathematics shows that counter-examples have played a substantial role in the development of functional concepts. We undertook a long-term study about the construction of examples and counter-examples in a college level calculus course. The subjects were three pairs of first year students majoring in mathematics/physics at the University of Fes (Morocco). In addition to the instructional role of constructing examples and counter-examples, our research addressed the students' thought processes. For this propose, their interactions, as well as all their verbal and written productions were collected and transcribed. Each sentence was then classified according to the four qualitative variables: Activity, Expression, Content and Correctness. A factor analysis put in evidence two types of strategies that we interpreted as global and local ones. In addition, a qualitative analysis allowed us to distinguish between `winning' and `losing' strategies. 相似文献
17.
高等数学知识在大学物理中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李自华 《思茅师范高等专科学校学报》2008,24(3):75-77
数学是物理的基础,数学是研究物理学的工具,大学物理中所有的内容均广泛涉及到高等数学知识.可见,掌握相应的高等数学知识是学好大学物理的基础. 相似文献
18.
Many studies have found a strong relationship between the mathematics students study in school and their performance on an academic or school mathematics assessment but not on an assessment of mathematics literacy (ML). With many countries, like the USA, placing emphasis on finishing secondary education being mathematically literate and prepared for college or career, this raises the question about the relationship between the mathematics studied in school and any ML students may have. The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) ML assessment is embedded in real-world contexts that provide an important window on how ready students are to tackle the situations and problems that await them whether they intend to pursue further education beyond high school or intend to go directly into the labour force. In this paper, we draw upon the PISA 2012 data to investigate the extent to which the cumulative exposure to rigorous mathematics content, such as that embedded in college- and career-ready standards, is associated with ML as assessed in PISA. Results reveal that both exposure to rigorous school mathematics and experiencing the instruction of this mathematics through real-world applications are significantly related to all the real-world contextualized PISA ML scores. 相似文献
19.
This study is grounded in the theoretical position that solving problems in different ways creates mathematical connections
when learning and teaching mathematics. It acknowledges the central role teachers play in providing students with learning
opportunities, and it is based on the empirical finding that mathematics teachers are reluctant to solve problems in different
ways in the classroom. In this paper we address the contradiction between theory-based recommendations and school mathematics
practice. Based on analysis of individual interviews and two group meetings with 12 Israeli secondary school mathematics teachers,
we demonstrate that in the context of multiple-solution connecting tasks this discrepancy is caused by the situated nature
of the teachers’ knowledge. We also reveal the complex relationship between different types of teacher knowledge and argue
the significance of developing a common language between members of the mathematics education community, including teacher
educators and researchers.
The names of the teachers have been changed to protect their privacy. 相似文献
20.
Concerns about the influence of students’ perceived negative consequences of engagement in a task (i.e., cost) on their emotions, motivation, and cognition have increased in the last decade. The use of longitudinal models is needed to provide new insights into the role of perceived cost in mathematics learning. Grounded in the control-value theory, this study examined cross-lagged relations of mathematics anxiety, perceived cost, and mathematics achievement. The participants (N = 335) reported their mathematics anxiety and perceived cost four times during Grades 7 and 8, and their mathematics grades were attained from their school records. Cross-lagged panel model analysis revealed evidence of a long-term positive reciprocal relationship between mathematics anxiety and effort/emotional cost, a gradually diminished relationship between effort/emotional cost and mathematics performance, and a positive achievement to anxiety link during the transition between grade levels. Moreover, mathematics performance is a distal predictor of mathematics anxiety through effort/emotional cost rather than a proximal predictor or an outcome of anxiety. This study also clarified the distinction in the central role of effort/emotional versus opportunity cost in the interrelatedness of mathematics anxiety and performance, where the latter failed to demonstrate significant paths. Specific timing for interventions was discerned. Early cost prevention interventions along with considerations of academic achievement to alleviate both anxiety and perceived effort/emotional are highlighted as crucial for a positive high school mathematics experience. 相似文献