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1.
1.发光、火焰、火星发光是固体物质微粒被烧灼产生的现象。如,镁条在空气中燃烧发出耀眼的白光。火焰是可燃性气体燃烧产生的现象。受热时能够产生可燃性气体的固体或液体燃烧时一般都产生火焰。如,氢气在空气中燃烧产生淡蓝色的火焰;硫磺在空气中燃烧发出微弱的淡蓝色火焰,实际是硫磺受热时变成的硫蒸气在燃烧。火星一般是沸点很高的固体燃烧产生的现象。火星实际是炽热的固体或固体熔化物。如,固态铁在氧气中燃烧时火星四射,这些火星实际是炽热的四氧化三铁的熔化物。2.烟、雾、烟雾烟是大量细小固体颗粒分散在空气中产生的现象。如,磷在…  相似文献   

2.
气溶胶与大气环境由美国航空航天局与法国国家空间研究中心合作研制的“卡里普索”(C A L IPSO,全称“云-汽溶胶激光雷达和红外开拓者观测”卫星)定于2006年3月发射升空,它的主要任务是观测研究大气中的悬浮质———气溶胶粒子。气溶胶粒子是悬浮在大气中的多种固体微粒和液体微小颗粒,有的来源于自然界,如火山喷发的烟尘、被风吹起的土壤微粒、海水飞溅扬入大气后而被蒸发的盐粒、细菌、微生物、植物的孢子花粉、流星燃烧所产生的细小微粒和宇宙尘埃等;有的是由于人类活动,如煤、油及其他矿物燃料的燃烧物质,以及车辆产生的废气排放至空…  相似文献   

3.
目的:铁矿石烧结需要对原料进行制粒,而焦炭被细粉颗粒覆盖,会影响其燃烧。本文旨在建立制粒模型分析粘附比例和粘附层的有效面积,并研究铁矿石制粒粘附层厚度对NO_x生成的影响。创新点:1.建立制粒模型计算多组分原料制粒的粘附比;2.结合制粒模型计算粘附比和在不同粘附比下进行NO_x释放实验,并对制粒中的焦炭进行合理分布。方法:1.通过理论分析,建立原料颗粒参数与制粒粒径分布的关系(公式(1)~(11));2.通过实验和制粒模型分析水分以及各种原料的特性对制粒粒径分布的影响(图4~10);3.通过管式炉实验分析不同粘附层厚度对NO_x释放的影响(图12和13)。结论:1.制粒模型可以用于多组分原料的制粒粒径分布和粘附比预测;2.粘附层对焦炭氮释放有较大影响,需要对烧结中的燃料进行合理分布;3.通过原料成分和对粘附比的预测,可定性分析铁矿石烧结过程中NO_x的排放。  相似文献   

4.
为研究输送固液两相流介质时固体颗粒的物性变化对熔盐泵内部流场分布及外特性的影响,采用Navier-Stokes方程及RNG k-ε湍流模型对泵内固液两相流场进行数值模拟分析。结果表明:固体颗粒直径对叶轮内流场分布影响较小,对蜗壳内压力数值及速度分布有一定影响;大尺寸固体颗粒在蜗壳内更倾向于沿壁面流动;泵内固体颗粒ds为1.5 mm时,泵扬程、效率几乎不随入口固相体积分数的变化而改变;泵内输送含微小颗粒(ds1.5 mm)的固液两相流时,固体浓度的增加有助于提高泵效率,大尺寸颗粒浓度的增加则不利于泵的高效运行。这些研究的发现有助于进一步改善熔盐泵的水力性能。  相似文献   

5.
1.发光、火焰、火星。发光是固体物质微粒被灼烧的结果,如镁条在空气里燃烧发出耀眼的白光。火焰是指可燃性气体燃烧的结果,受热时能够产生可燃性气体,固体或液体燃烧时一般都能产生火焰。如氢气在空气中燃烧发出淡蓝色的火焰,硫磺在空气中燃烧发出淡蓝色的火焰,实际是硫磺受热时变成的硫蒸气在燃烧。火星一般是沸点很高的固体燃烧产生  相似文献   

6.
目的:因NEPE推进剂具有独特的燃烧性能和燃烧机理,现有模型无法直接用于其燃烧相关研究。本文希望对现有模型进行改进,并基于自由基裂解模型建立一个计算NEPE推进剂燃速的模型,然后对NEPE推进剂燃烧进行观察和测量,研究其燃烧特性,以期为所建模型提供数据支持。创新点:1.基于自由基裂解模型,计算每种成分同时存在多种粒径分布的NEPE推进剂的燃速;2.建立试验系统,观察NEPE推进剂燃烧火焰形态。方法:1.通过理论推导,构建燃速与推进剂成分的粒径和含量以及燃烧室压强之间的关系,得到燃速计算公式(公式(1)–(10));2.利用建立的模型,计算四种不同粒径分布的NEPE推进剂在不同压强下的燃速,并与试验结果进行比较,验证模型的可行性(图7);3.建立试验系统,测量NEPE推进剂的燃速和燃面温度,并观察其燃烧火焰(图5和6),分析不同成分对燃烧的影响。结论:1.基于自由基裂解模型建立的燃烧模型可用于预测NEPE推进剂的燃速;2.铝颗粒的添加对NEPE推进剂的燃烧火焰形态和气相反应都有较大影响;3.氧化剂(高氯酸铵和奥克托今)颗粒的粒径对燃速的影响比铝颗粒的粒径对燃速的影响大,但对燃速压强指数的影响相对较小。  相似文献   

7.
根据稠密气体运动学理论,在近平衡条件下,给出粒度呈分形分布的颗粒速度分布函数,并建立颗粒和流体之间因颗粒的随机运动而产生的热传导模型.当Biot数小于0.1、BiFo数远小于1.0时,推导出颗粒固体体积百分比V较低、劲度比较高的剪切流的有效热导率解析表达式;计算结果表明系统结构特征参数η、固体体积百分比V和粒度分形维数D对有效热导率有显著的影响,并与单一颗粒流的有效热导率理论和实验结果进行了比较,本文的理论结果与实验更接近.  相似文献   

8.
该文建立了质子交换膜燃料电池二维稳态等温多相模型,在多孔介质中,利用MaxwellStefan多组分扩散方程与相变方程进行数值计算,探讨了阴极多孔电极与质子膜中的水分布,分析了操作条件和结构对燃料电池输出性能的影响.数值结果表明,液态水含量具有明显的空间分布,受结构和操作条件的影响明显,适当降低阴极进气湿度、提升进气压力和使用疏水性材料有利于电池性能达到最优.基于气液两相模型的燃料电池的极化曲线与实验数据具有很好的一致性,表明了模型的有效性,采用优化的1 mm宽流道可以有效改善阴极催化层中水和氧气浓度分布的均匀性,从而提高电池性能.  相似文献   

9.
根据内变量的概念与质量、动量、能量和熵衡算方程,利用Gibbs局部平衡原理,获得化学、扩散、热传导过程均存在时材料的熵流和熵产,把Ziegler所提出的能量耗散广义正交原理量从一般固体的粘塑性领域推广到存在化学、扩散、热传导和力学现象相互作用的多孔介质领域,统一了粘性理论和塑性理论,建立了包括化学、扩散方程、热传导和力学过程的单相多组分和多相多组分两类介质模型的一般本构理论。  相似文献   

10.
本文采用的无功优化数学模型虑了系统的实际约束条件和无功调节手段,能够准确直观地反映电力系统无功优化的实际问题。在此基础上对基于粒子群算法的无功优化作了深入的研究,尝试利用粒子群优化算法对无功优化问题进行求解。对常规粒子群算法的搜索策略进行了改进,对约束条件、离散变量都采取了一定的改进处理措施。以IEEE-6节点系统为例进行了仿真计算,验证了本文模型和算法的正确性、适用性和经济性。  相似文献   

11.
The low temperature plume exhausted from a cryogenic wind tunnel may sink down, posing a severe threat to public health and safety. Quantitative risk assessment of cryogenic plume flow behavior therefore plays an important role in the design and optimization of a cryogenic wind tunnel. A numerical model with a modified Hertz-Knudsen relation considering the phase change physics of the small quantity of water involved is applied to analyze the dispersion of the low temperature nitrogen plume exhausted from a 0.3 m cryogenic wind tunnel. The homogeneous multiphase flow is modeled using the single-fluid mixture model. A model validation is presented for the exhaust plume from the US National Transonic Facility (NTF). The predicted results are found to be better than those predicted by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)’s two-stage analytical model. The influences of the environmental wind speed, the environmental wind temperature, the relative humidity, and the exhaust flow rate, on low temperature nitrogen plume dispersion are obtained. In particular, the parametric sensitivities of different influence factors are analyzed. The environmental wind temperature and the exhaust flow rate of the nitrogen gas have greater impact on the temperature of the plume near the ground than do the environmental wind speed and the relative humidity. The exhaust flow rate of the nitrogen gas has greater impact on the oxygen concentration near the ground than does the environmental wind speed, while the environmental wind temperature and the relative humidity have negligible impacts. The results provide guidance on the operation and design improvement of a cryogenic gaseous nitrogen discharge system to avoid its potential hazards.  相似文献   

12.
This paper presents a KIVA-3 code based numerical model for three-dimensional transient intake flow in the intake port-valve-cylinder system of internal combustion engine using body-fitted technique, which can be used in numerical study on internal combustion engine with vertical and inclined valves, and has higher calculation precision. A numerical simulation (on the intake process of a two-valve engine with a semi-sphere combustion chamber and a radial intake port) is provided for analysis of the velocity field and pressure field of different plane at different crank angles. The results revealed the formation of the tumble motion, the evolution of flow field parameters and the variation of tumble ratios as important information for the design of engine intake system.  相似文献   

13.
北营新1号高炉通过优化高炉煤气处理流程,配置旋切顶燃式热风炉,采用前置预热炉、热管换热器分别预热助燃空气和煤气,使用带横梁的炉箅子技术、管道保温技术以及优化烧炉技术等,为送风温度达到1250℃创造了条件。高炉在精料基础上,通过控制合理炉腹煤气量指数和理论燃烧温度,优化煤气流分布,规范高炉操作等措施,2013年全年平均风温1248℃,达到国内同型高炉领先水平。  相似文献   

14.
建立了热风炉栅格燃烧器内空、煤气流动混合过程的三维物理、数学模型,对燃烧器内流场特性和组分浓度均匀性进行了数值模拟。计算结果揭示了燃烧器内空、煤气流场结构及混合过程;得到了燃烧器空气和煤气通道的阻力系数、速度均匀度以及组分浓度均匀度;同时分析了冷风配气均匀度的影响因素,为热风炉燃烧特性的研究奠定了基础。  相似文献   

15.
Detailed parametric study of three-dimensional gas-particle multiphase flow characteristics in U-beam tube bundle inertial separators was conducted by numerical simulation. The carrier phase was treated in the Eulerian frame, the particles were tracked in the Lagrangian frame, and particle-wall collision was considered. Simulation carried out at different inflow rate and mass loading ratios revealed the pressure losses in the separators, velocity field of the gas phase, and the trajectories of particles. The study results revealed the multiphase flow-dynamic features of the separators, and the relationship between separator pressure losses and different inlet velocity. The numerical simulation can provide basis both for optimal design of impacting-inertial separator used in circulating fluidized bed boiler; and for study of gas-particle multiphase circumfluence flow. Project supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 500065)  相似文献   

16.
INTRODUCTIONTheinternalcombustionengineisthemostwidelyusedpowermachineryinmodernsociety ,butisalsooneofthebiggestenvironmentalpol lutantsources.Tomeetmoreandmorestringentemissionrequirements,manyadvancedtech niques,suchastheleanburntechnique ,multi valvet…  相似文献   

17.
In practical problems, the variation of the free surface around a circular pier is severe. For the Fluent CFD, the multiphase flow models cannot be used together with the LES model to calculate the free surface. Present paper provides a two-step method which joints the 2D compressible ideal-gas equations and the LES model to calculate the 3D flow field with free surface around the pier. The effects of the free surface on the flow structures are studied in detail.  相似文献   

18.
INTRODUCTIONWiththeworldfacingseriouspollutionofen vironmentandinevitabledecliningresourcesofenergy,thedevelopmentoflowerpollutionandlowerenergyconsumptionautomobilehasbe comeamajorresearchtarget.Thehighefficien cyandlowpollutionnaturalgas dieseldualfue…  相似文献   

19.
针对油气管道运输系统存在的固液两相流对管道弯头的冲蚀破坏问题,采用CFD软件Fluent中的DPM和k-ε模型模拟多相流冲蚀现象。分析弯头内流场压力流速分布和颗粒运动轨迹,找出弯头最大冲蚀率与冲蚀位置分布规律。研究表明:在弯头内45°外侧壁面区域流场压强最大;弯头内流体流速在弯头内侧45°近壁区域达到最大值,其附近有二次回流现象。弯头冲蚀率最大值出现在弯头外侧壁面40°~50°之间,且随着流体入口速度和颗粒直径的增大而增大。  相似文献   

20.
In order to predict and improve the performance of natural gas/diesel dual fuel engine (DFE), a combustion rate model based on forward neural network was built to study the combustion process of the DFE. The effect of the operating parameters on combustion rate was also studied by means of this model. The study showed that the predicted results were good agreement with the experimental data. It was proved that the developed combustion rate model could be used to successfully predict and optimize the combustion process of dual fuel engine. Project supported by National Lab. for Automotive Engine and Safety, Tsinghua University, China  相似文献   

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