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1.
Developments in international inclusive education policy, including in prominent UN documents, often refer to the aim of a quality education for all. Yet, it remains unclear: What exactly is meant by quality education? And, under what conditions are quality educational experiences possible for all learners? In this essay, Diana Murdoch, Andrea English, Allison Hintz, and Kersti Tyson bring together research on inclusive education with philosophy of transformative learning, in particular John Dewey and phenomenology, to further the discussion on these two questions. The authors argue that teacher–learner relationships, of a particular kind, are necessary for fostering environments wherein all learners have access to quality educational experiences associated with productive struggle as an indispensable aspect of transformative learning processes. They define such relationships as “educational relationships that support students to feel heard.” In developing their argument, the authors first analyze the concept of productive struggle, an aspect of learning increasingly recognized in research and policy as an indicator of quality education. Second, they discuss three necessary, though not sufficient, conditions for the teacher to cultivate educational relationships that support students to feel heard. Third, they draw out connections between environments that support feeling heard and those that support productive struggle, and they discuss teachers' challenges and risk-taking in creating such environments. The authors close with a discussion of implications for international policy, practice, and research. 相似文献
2.
Polarized politics is combining with the black‐and‐white thinking that prevails among many traditional‐age college students and the often strong opinions of educators to produce a climate of frustration and discord on some American college campuses.What can be done to create a respectful environment where students feel their perspectives will be heard? 相似文献
3.
周进芳 《郧阳师范高等专科学校学报》2001,21(5):21-25,88
语文学科是一门基础性学科,是学习和工作的基础.而作文不但是广大中学生的学习难点,也是广大教师的教学难点.怎样认识素质教育与作文考试之间的关系?怎样在素质教育的总体要求中给作文教学以科学的定位?怎样通过作文教学实现素质教育?本文提出了自己的管见. 相似文献
4.
Instructors attempting new teaching methods may have concerns that students will resist nontraditional teaching methods. The authors provide an overview of research characterizing the nature of student resistance and exploring its origins. Additionally, they provide potential strategies for avoiding or addressing resistance and pose questions about resistance that may be ripe for research study.
“What if the students revolt?” “What if I ask them to talk to a neighbor, and they simply refuse?” “What if they do not see active learning as teaching?” “What if they just want me to lecture?” “What if my teaching evaluation scores plummet?” “Even if I am excited about innovative teaching and learning, what if I encounter student resistance?”These are genuine concerns of committed and thoughtful instructors who aspire to respond to the repeated national calls to fundamentally change the way biology is taught in colleges and universities across the United States. No doubt most individuals involved in promoting innovative teaching in undergraduate biology education have heard these or variations on these fears and concerns. While some biology instructors may be at a point where they are still skeptical of innovative teaching from more theoretical perspectives (“Is it really any better than lecturing?”), the concerns expressed by the individuals above come from a deeply committed and practical place. These are instructors who have already passed the point where they have become dissatisfied with traditional teaching methods. They have already internally decided to try new approaches and have perhaps been learning new teaching techniques themselves. They are on the precipice of actually implementing formerly theoretical ideas in the real, messy space that is a classroom, with dozens, if not hundreds, of students watching them. Potential rejection by students as they are practicing these new pedagogical skills represents a real and significant roadblock. A change may be even more difficult for those earning high marks from their students for their lectures. If we were to think about a learning progression for faculty moving toward requiring more active class participation on the part of students, the voices above are from those individuals who are progressing along this continuum and who could easily become stuck or turn back in the face of student resistance.Unfortunately, it appears that little systematic attention or research effort has been focused on understanding the origins of student resistance in biology classrooms or the options for preventing and addressing such resistance. As always, this Feature aims to gather research evidence from a variety of fields to support innovations in undergraduate biology education. Below, we attempt to provide an overview of the types of student resistance one might encounter in a classroom, as well as share hypotheses from other disciplines about the potential origins of student resistance. In addition, we offer examples of classroom strategies that have been proposed as potentially useful for either preventing student resistance from happening altogether or addressing student resistance after it occurs, some of which align well with findings from research on the origins of student resistance. Finally, we explore how ready the field of student resistance may be for research study, particularly in undergraduate biology education. 相似文献
5.
Sunyoung Park Ingu Kang Taryn R. Valencic Yonjoo Cho 《Action Learning: Research and Practice》2013,10(1):4-24
The purpose of this study was to examine the contexts in which action learning has been used and provide implications for the design of action learning programmes. We performed a content analysis of 127 articles (case studies and case reports included) published in Action Learning: Research and Practice between 2004 and 2012. In this study, we address the following research questions: (a) In what contexts has action learning been used? (b) What are the distinctive features of cases identified? (c) What are the implications for the design of action learning programmes? The results showed that the UK and European countries have most frequently used action learning, and the most dominant purposes for action learning were leadership development, organization development, and professional development. We also elaborated on design considerations and implications for action learning research and practice. 相似文献
6.
普通中小学教师参与决策研究综述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
教育决策的科学化、民主化是学校管理中一个永恒的研究课题。杜威指出民主作为一种政治制度的核心就是参与的精神。具体到学校中,教师参与就成为民主的象征和标志之一。要顺应要求,满足教师的需要,教师应参与学校的决策。目前关于教师参与是什么,谁来参与,应参与哪些决策,影响教师参与的因素有哪些,埃德姆·布雷杰斯等许多研究者作了非常详细的研究,各自有不同的观点,这些研究和观点对今后的探讨有启示意义。 相似文献
7.
Peter Rogers 《欧洲师范教育杂志》1993,16(2):113-124
The prospect of European integration calls urgently for educational provision which will enable Europe's school‐leavers to understand and appraise the process. Essentially, this provision is historical. What is distinctive about Europe? What made us what we are? It is suggested that modem Europe is, at bottom, the result of two related things‐‐conflict and ideas‐‐and that the conflicts have arisen because of the ideas, and have constituted their final working‐out. Three ideas, with their related conflicts, seem fundamental, and these three pairings indicate the appropriate content for a history course for Europe's senior pupils. The three ‘ideas ‘ are the Reformation, the Enlightenment and Nationalism, and the related conflicts are the 30 Years’ War, the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars and the World Wars of this century. The coverage of the first pairing is sketched as an example of how the whole course may be mounted and to introduce a master theme of European history for the last 300 years. The paper ends with a brief discussion of why other seemingly crucial factors are not selected and discussed. 相似文献
8.
This article focuses on professional work placements for teachers of business and management. These one-year work placements seek to develop the teachers’ knowledge of the business world, allowing them to improve their teaching practice and produce new pedagogical resources. We examine here, from the teachers’ point of view, two questions: What are the particularities of the work placement as a context for learning (in terms of processes, roles and organisation, products)? What are the effects on their professional development? Two perspectives are articulated. On the one hand, a didactic perspective will examine the reconstruction of ‘business’ as an object to be taught by the teachers. On the other hand, the professionalisation dynamics point of view will examine the shifts in teachers’ perceptions. 相似文献
9.
Activity and Interaction of Students in an Electronic Learning Environment for Problem-Based Learning 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper contains the results of an experimental study in which students used a collaborative learning tool in the time between regular meetings of a tutorial group in problem-based learning. The analysis of the learning situation for which this tool was developed, as well as the evaluation of the experiment, is based on a model of collaborative learning that covers three sections. The first is the learning environment that mediates the second section learning behaviour and the third section learning mechanisms . From the perspective of the stimulation of productivity in collaborative learning, the relation between characteristics of the problem task (learning environment) and interactions (learning behavior) was explored. In problem-based learning students formulate learning issues after a brainstorm discussion in the group. Students formulate theoretical and practical learning issues. Two research questions are presented in this study: What types of learning issues generate most interactions? and What types of learning issues generate the highest level of information processing? The first question is concerned with an analysis of the number of interactions and the second with the quality of these interactions. Practical learning issues generated more interactions, as well as a higher level of information processing. These results are discussed in the context of social factors in learning. 相似文献
10.
The purpose of this study is to examine key research themes in human performance technology (HPT) through content analysis of the 20 most influential articles identified in Cho, Jo, Park, Kang, and Chen (2011). Three questions guiding this inquiry are: (1) What are the key themes of the 20 most influential articles in PIQ, (2) What information do the 20 most influential articles add to an understanding of HPT, and (3) What are the implications of the content analysis for HPT research practices? Five key themes emerged from the content analysis, including instructional design, HPT scholarship, performance technology, performance support, and transfer of training. HPT scholarship was the most distinctive key research theme in this study. The qualitative details about the 20 most influential articles were provided, related issues were discussed, and implications for research practice were articulated. 相似文献
11.
《About Campus》2002,7(4):1-32
- Climbing Blind: Charles Schroeder Interviews Erik Weihenmayer
- The first blind man to reach the summit of Mount Everest shares what he has learned about teamwork, leadership, and overcoming limitations.
- The Underside of Service Learning
- by Susan R. Jones
- Is service learning for everyone? Have we been seduced by its positive potential into underestimating, even ignoring, its complexities? Only by identifying, addressing, and incorporating these complexities into the service‐learning enterprise, says the author, can we better serve those students who just don't get it.
- What are Research Universities Doing for First‐Year Students?
- by Marc Cutright
- Research universities do not have the best reputation when it comes to the first‐year student experience, but is this reputation deserved? The author shares preliminary results of a new study that illustrates how research universities are working to create supportive environments.
- DEPARTMENTS
- The Electronic Campus—Bringing Technology to the Learning Enterprise: John Harwood Talks to Educause's Carole A. Barone
- Using technology can be a big challenge for educators who still cling to more traditional teaching methods. What can we do to bridge the technology gap on campus and better support student learning?
- In Practice—Student Cheating: Encouraging Students to Reflect on their Actions
- by Barbara J. Moore
- What can we do about the increasing prevalence of cheating and plagiarism on today's campuses? How can we communicate the importance of responsible academic behavior to our students? Here is one approach used by Queens College.
- Campus Commons—A Dorm Is a Dorm Is a Dorm
- by Colette M. Shaw
- The peculiar potency of a simple word.
- What They're Reading—Mavens, Sticky Messages, and the Power of Context
- by Michael D. Coomes
- Our reviewer examines how Malcolm Galdwell's insights into social trends and epidemics can apply to our own work
12.
What are secondary school teachers' views on testing and grading practices? What clusters of opinions can be categorized as ‘flexible,”“opposed to difficult testing,” or “hard-nosed?” How should the use of test results for grading be treated in teacher in-service training programs? 相似文献
13.
Pia Williams Sonja Sheridan 《Educational research; a review for teachers and all concerned with progress in education》2013,55(4):335-350
Background:?Teacher-organised group work, in which pupils work together in groups or pairs, is one of many learning situations pupils may encounter at school. Research (Williams, P. and Sheridan, S., Collaboration as one aspect of quality: a perspective of collaboration and pedagogical quality in educational settings. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 50, no. 1: 89–93, 2006) shows that even though pupils are aware of the benefits that working in groups can generate, they tend to avoid structured group work at school. Purpose:?The aim of this study is to gain knowledge about necessary conditions for collaborative learning and constructive competition to develop among pupils at school. What conditions are necessary for collaboration and constructive competition to develop in learning situations among pupils at school? Sample:?The study was carried out in Sweden and involved a total of 66 children, 6–18 years of age, and 25 teachers. Both sexes were equally represented among the pupils. The participating schools and teachers were selected by means of a stratified sample involving different geographical and socioeconomic areas and different educational programmes. Twelve children were selected from each of school grades 1, 5 and 9, whilst a total of 30 students were selected from five different upper secondary school programmes. Design and methods:?To study the conditions under which constructive competition could develop in school, the methodology used involved individual interviews. The analysis was qualitative and focused on the phenomenon of constructive competition and situations in which pupils and teachers compete. The process of analysis was interplay between empirical data and interactionistic theory, an analytical process of abduction, which consists of interpreting data and devising a theory to explain them. The intentions were to highlight perspectives of constructive competition in a variety of ways. The analyses converge, as well as generating information and knowledge about how pupils and teachers understand constructive competition. Conclusions:?Several factors emerged as important for collaboration and constructive competition to develop among pupils in school. These were categorised into three conditions: attitudes, organisation and the meaning of learning. Competition between pupils and teachers does occur in school but it is not often explicitly articulated. The ways in which competition develops, either in destructive or constructive directions, becomes more a question of chance or coincidence than as evolving out of a conscious choice. To compete constructively in a conscious manner requires knowledge of how to be able to control the situation in a positive manner, about the characteristics of this kind of competition and of how – that is to say under what kind of conditions – it will develop constructively between people in school contexts. Content and conditions are thus seen as inseparable in the development of constructive competition. 相似文献
14.
利用网络表达民众的话语是一个国家民主的象征,但网络舆情所表达的意思必须有一个理性规范,网络舆情监督从初期的政府干预的一端,转变到了面对社会矛盾复杂而采取自我限制策略的另一端,其中暴露出了对这种监督动作边界模糊问题。本文从网络舆情监督范围及其原则加以阐述,以厘清思路。 相似文献
15.
Emmy Vrieling Antoine van den Beemt Maarten de Laat 《Studies in Continuing Education》2019,41(1):76-93
It is increasingly recognised that social learning by teachers can stimulate professional development. In this study, we search for the social behaviour patterns which can act as a catalyst for professional development, with an explicit focus on student teachers’ learning. Based on the ‘Dimensions of Social Learning (DSL) Framework’, including 4 dimensions and 11 indicators of social learning, the present study explores the social configuration of one network of primary teachers (n?=?12), student teachers (n?=?12) and teacher educators (n?=?2). Two research questions guide this exploration: (1) What patterns of social behaviour in teacher networks are likely to lead to professional learning? (2) What network facilitation guidelines can be discerned to assist teachers and teacher educators wishing to optimise student teachers’ professional development? Data collection consisted of video recordings, reflective notes and semi-structured interviews with network members. The findings paint a picture of how social learning in teacher networks is related to the group’s social configuration. Observation criteria and student facilitation guidelines are suggested to support professional development within teacher networks. For each dimension in the DSL Framework, one point of attention is discerned to optimise students’ learning in teacher networks. 相似文献
16.
Wilfred W. F. Lau Vicky Lui Samuel K. W. Chu 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2017,65(3):533-553
This study explored the use of wikis in a science inquiry-based project conducted with Primary 6 students (aged 11–12). It used an online wiki-based platform called PBworks and addressed the following research questions: (1) What are students’ attitudes toward learning with wikis? (2) What are students’ interactions in online group collaboration with wikis? (3) What have students learned with wikis in a science inquiry-based project in a primary school context? Analyses of the quantitative and qualitative data showed that with respect to the first research question, the students held positive attitudes toward the platform at the end of the study. With respect to the second research question, the students actively engaged in various forms of learning-related interactions using the platform that extended to more meaningful offline interactions. With respect to the third research question, the students developed Internet search skills, collaborative problem solving competencies, and critical inquiry abilities. It is concluded that a well-planned wiki-based learning experience, framed within an inquiry project-based approach facilitated by students’ online collaborative knowledge construction, is conducive to the learning and teaching of science inquiry-based projects in primary school. 相似文献
17.
This paper illustrates the on-going efforts of an innovative science program called “Kids as Global Scientists” to take full advantage of Internet technology for better learning and teaching. We analyzed electronic communication between students and scientists on the Message Board and the development of students’ scientific understanding through electronic communications. Our research shows that the Internet has great potential to foster the development of students’ scientific understanding, which is difficult to achieve through traditional instruction alone. Despite increasing interest in the use of the Internet in the classroom, research on the educational benefits of the Internet on learning and teaching are still limited. This study will serve in this continuing research base in order to help expand our understanding by opening a discussion around the following questions: What are the characteristics of new learning opportunities and interaction patterns that students experienced? What new classroom dynamics and challenges are introduced as a result of the use of our technological innovations? 相似文献
18.
The middle years of life, from the 20s through the 50s, have been neglected by psychology in general and educational psychology in particular. The current increase in numbers of mature learners calls for more, better, and better-understood psychological data so that learning can be enhanced in this age group. This issue of Contemporary Educational Psychology addresses five relevant questions: (1) What does research tell us about the capacities of adults to learn and retain? (2) What factors other than cognitive functioning affect adult performance? (3) How and in what ways does the adult wish to involve himself as a learner? (4) How might we go about guiding the mature learner, using present knowledge? (5) What theoretical concerns arise from consideration of the foregoing? 相似文献
19.
There is emerging interest on the interactions between modelling and argumentation in specific contexts, such as genetics learning. It has been suggested that modelling might help students understand and argue on genetics. We propose modelling gene expression as a way to learn molecular genetics and diseases with a genetic component. The study is framed in Tiberghien’s (2000) two worlds of knowledge, the world of “theories & models” and the world of “objects & events”, adding a third component, the world of representations. We seek to examine how modelling and argumentation interact and connect the three worlds of knowledge while modelling gene expression. It is a case study of 10th graders learning about diseases with a genetic component. The research questions are as follows: (1) What argumentative and modelling operations do students enact in the process of modelling gene expression? Specifically, which operations allow connecting the three worlds of knowledge? (2) What are the interactions between modelling and argumentation in modelling gene expression? To what extent do these interactions help students connect the three worlds of knowledge and modelling gene expression? The argumentative operation of using evidence helps students to relate the three worlds of knowledge, enacted in all the connections. It seems to be a relationship among the number of interactions between modelling and argumentation, the connections between world of knowledge and students’ capacity to develop a more sophisticated representation. Despite this is a case study, this approach of analysis reveals potentialities for a deeper understanding of learning genetics though scientific practices. 相似文献
20.
The article is an essay on Naoko Saito's recently published book American Philosophy in Translation. We attempt to draw out the central argument of the book as it moves through its eight chapters. The author finds that American philosophy, which she takes to be rooted in pragmatism, whilst it owes much to Dewey, needs to be reconstructed in order to meet contemporary political challenges, with their implications for political education. She asks questions such as what is the place of the tragic sense of life in philosophical thought? What is a philosophy of affirmation and chance? How are we to understand the significance of the untranslatable? What are these connections between transcendence, translation and transformation? More specifically, how are we to understand the distinction between philosophy in translation and philosophy as translation? And how does all this offer us new ways of thinking about the current state of democracy, political education and education more generally? One specific suggestion is that an education in foreign language can be transformative in terms of political education. The article concludes that Saito's project throws up some important ideas that are pertinent to our times. We question the central idea regarding language education, whilst we welcome this scholarly volume. 相似文献