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1.
Jean Goodwin 《Child abuse & neglect》1981,5(3):217-221
Suicide attempts occurred in 11 of 201 (5.4%) families in which sexual abuse was substantiated during a 2-year study period. Thirteen attempts occurred in the eleven families—five in mothers and eight in daughter-victims. No perpetrators in this social agency sample attempted suicide. Three mothers made attempts within the 1st week after the sexual abuse report; these three had borderline personalities, prior suicide attempts, personal histories of incest, and, surprisingly, all returned rapidly to adequate maternal functioning. The two mothers who made attempts later had primary depressions with underlying dependent personalities and never returned to successful mothering of their victimized daughters, both of whom themselves attempted suicide later in the family's treatment course. All eight daughters who attempted suicide were 14 to 16 years old and had been involved in incest with father figures. None of their families remained intact after the disclosure of incest, and their mothers actively blamed and disbelieved these victims. Seven of the eight had behavior problems which may have masked depression. 相似文献
2.
Patricia Phelan Ph.D. 《Child abuse & neglect》1986,10(4):531-539
This article compares incest between biologic fathers and their daughters and stepfathers and their stepdaughters. The term "incest" is applied to each of these types of families. The sample for the study was located in a mental health treatment facility designed to work specifically with incestuous families and includes 102 cases (56 stepfather families; 46 biologic father families). The data were obtained by interviews with the four primary program therapists. Differences in sexual behavior between the two groups indicated that biologic fathers more frequently engaged in full intercourse, more frequently involved multiple daughters and more frequently began the sexual activity when their daughters were adolescents than did stepfathers. Possible explanations of the differences are explored. 相似文献
3.
Previous studies have shown that most abusing parents have a history of physical abuse or neglect in their own childhoods. There is little data on the frequency of prior sexual abuse among parents who physically or sexually abuse their children. Many case reports describe the uncovering of a prior incest experience in a parent during the investigation of the child's current incest accusation, but it is unclear how frequently this occurs. One hundred mothers of abused children were asked about sexual incidents that occurred before age 18; the control group consisted of 500 normal women from the same community who were surveyed during meetings of various voluntary organizations. Age and ethnicity did not differ in the two groups. Of the mothers of abused children, 24% reported a prior incest experience, whereas only 3% of the control women reported prior incest. This eightfold difference was highly significant. The 34 mothers from families where sexual abuse was occurring were no more likely to report prior incest than were the 66 mothers from families where physical abuse occurred. The one case of genital mutilation of a child occurred in a family where both parents had been incest victims. Case studies indicate that the parent who has been an incest victim has inhibitions and fears about tenderness, traceable to the childhood incest experience, which are important in the development of either physical abuse or sexual abuse in the family. 相似文献
4.
Thirty-six mothers whose children had been abused were interviewed and compared with 36 mothers matched for social class and ethnic background. The abuse group mothers had lower self-esteem than the comparison mothers as judged by their desire that their children should not grow up to be like themselves or their partners. They were also less likely to discuss their problems with other people. They were less likely than the comparison mothers to have been brought up by their own parents. They had significantly more negative feelings than the comparison mothers towards their fathers when they were children and these negative feelings persisted into adult life. It is important that emphasis on treatment programs for these mothers should be placed on building up self-esteem and skills in interpersonal relationships. 相似文献
5.
In a random sample of 500 admissions to a residential treatment center for chemically dependent adolescents. 150 cases of physical and sexual abuse had been identified. These adolescents were matched for age, race, and socioeconomic status, with two comparison groups: a group of nonabused chemically dependent adolescents and a group of nonabused, nonchemically dependent adolescents. Self-esteem was measured, utilizing the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS), which was administered to all subjects. The abused, chemically dependent adolescents were found to demonstrate significantly lower self-esteem on all subscales when analyzed against these two comparison groups. There were negligible differences within the abused group when the TSCS scores were analyzed according to type of abuse. Aggressive/physically abused adolescents scored higher on the Physical Self subscale and the incest group scored significantly lower on the Identity subscales. These results suggest that abuse is equally devastating, regardless of the type of abuse, e.g., physical, sexual, incest, and has a long-lasting impact on self-esteem. 相似文献
6.
In a study addressing controversies regarding the impact of incest, we postulated that clinical consequences (a) are not solely due to family dysfunctionality, (b) need not appear with global measures, and (c) are demonstrated when specific zones of functioning are examined. These hypotheses were tested with a clinical sample of 57 girls, aged 8 to 14 years, from multiproblem families, half having experienced incest. The Child Behaviour Check List (CBCL; Achenbach and Edelbrock, 1979), the Piers-Harris (1984) Self-Esteem measure and the Harter and Pike (1984) Self-Competence Scale were completed and questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were conducted with both the girls and their clinicians. Their dossiers were analysed as well. As hypothesized, there were no differences on global measures (CBCL). In specific areas, however, the girls having undergone incest demonstrated significantly lower self-esteem, more troubled relations with their mothers, more sexualized attitudes and behaviours and more aggression turned inwardly than girls not having undergone incest from equally dysfunctional families. The powerful impact of incest on the prepubertal child is thereby underscored. 相似文献
7.
Grandfather-granddaughter incest accounts for about 10% of all reported cases of intrafamilial childhood sexual abuse. In a sample of 10 such cases, all referrals came from mothers fo the child victims; six of these mothers had themselves been abused in childhood by the perpetrator. For eight of the 10 perpetrators, multiple child sexual victims were identified in a pattern that suggests facultative pedohphilia. Ony two of the 18 grandchildren sexually abused by the 10 grandfathers were asymptomatic at the time of report. Grandchild victims from chaotic families showed educational and behavioral symptoms; those from stable families exhibited fears and phobias. Eight of the 18 grandchildren were victimized by multiple perpetrators. The results cast doubt on the assumption that grandparent incest is a benign form of abuse and indicate that there is some justification for the fears expressed by adult incest victims about visitation between their children and the father-perpetrator. 相似文献
8.
Constance A. Flanagan 《Child development》1990,61(1):163-177
The interactions of parental work status, family integration, and sex of child on parent-adolescent decision making were examined in a 4-wave study of 504 adolescents and their mothers. 3 work status groups were compared. Deprived families reported a layoff or demotion at Time 1 and no recovery by Time 4. Recovery families reported similar work status losses at Time 1 and reemployment by Time 4. Nondeprived families reported stable employment at both times. Adolescents in deprived households, especially boys, reported the highest conflict with parents. Adolescents in recovery families reported high conflict when parents were unemployed, but levels declined when parents were reemployed. According to mothers, daughters in deprived households enjoyed the highest level of autonomy of any adolescent group. 相似文献
9.
Linking Extreme Marital Discord, Child Rearing, and Child Behavior Problems: Evidence from Battered Women 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
Relations between marital discord, parental behavior, and child behavior were investigated in a sample of 37 battered women and 37 comparison mothers and their children, aged 2-8 years. It was hypothesized that violent fathers would be more irritable but less involved, battered women more stressed and inconsistent in discipline, and both parents would reportedly use fewer positive and more negative child-rearing responses than comparison families. Based on maternal self-reports and mother-child observations, the only robust self-report difference between the groups of mothers were the level of stress and reports of inconsistency in parenting; in contrast, all of the expected differences were found between the mothers' reports of the 2 groups of fathers. Group effects on child behavior problems were also found. Children from violent families were reported to have more internalizing behavior problems, more difficult temperaments, and to be more aggressive than the comparison children. In the violent families, maternal stress and paternal irritability were the 2 significant predictors of child behavior problems, whereas in the comparison families only maternal stress was a reliable predictor. 相似文献
10.
Effi Argyrakouli Maria Zafiropoulou 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2003,50(2):181-195
The present study assessed the impact that children with intellectual disabilities have on their mothers' self-esteem. It also examined the differences in self-esteem between mothers of children with intellectual disabilities and mothers of non-disabled children. The study sample consisted of 50 mothers of children with intellectual disabilities living in Central Greece and a comparison group of 50 mothers of non-disabled children. Two instruments were used for the data collection: (a) a questionnaire for biographic information and (b) an adaptation of the Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory. Results indicated significantly lower self-esteem for the mothers of children with intellectual disabilities. Moreover, the best predictor of maternal self-esteem in the disabled group was the size of the family. 相似文献
11.
OBJECTIVE: One group of women who were sexually abused by brothers and a second group who were sexually abused by fathers are compared with the intent to identify the differing characteristics of each type of abuse and the effects of the abuse on their adult functioning. Our hypothesis was that there would indeed be differences in the characteristics of the abuse and its effects, and that this would necessitate differing treatment strategies. METHOD: Surveys were distributed to women attending support groups for incest survivors. Of the 62 women completing questionnaires, 14 women (23%) had been sexually abused by a brother. A similar number of women (15) who had been sexually abused by their fathers were chosen from the overall sample for comparison. RESULTS: The absence of the father as a vital force in family life played a key role in the sexual abuse of women by their brothers in every case. The duration of the sexual abuse for brother-abused women and father-abused women was lengthy. The characteristics, including use of force, are equally as serious for sisters as for daughters. The family circumstances surrounding the abuse were examined for both groups and the results yielded a fuller understanding of the incestuous family. Despite an appearance of normalcy, the level of family-wide disturbances, for example substance abuse, mental illness and pervasive family-wide violence were profound for both groups. In this study, we also examine the effects in adulthood of the serious disruption of childhood developmental phases for both brother-abused and father-abused women, taking into account the incidence of substance abuse, depression, suicidality, and eating disorders. CONCLUSIONS: The authors conclude that the characteristics and consequences of brother-sister incest are of equal seriousness to those of father-daughter incest. This would suggest that brother-sister incest is one of the current blind spots in incest research, and one that we cannot afford to ignore. In-depth knowledge of the dynamics and effects of brother-sister incest suggest specific treatment strategies are indeed necessary and these are discussed in this paper. 相似文献
12.
《Parenting, science and practice》2013,13(4):347-370
Objective. This investigation was designed to shed light on household structure differences in mother - adolescent conflict. Design. A total of 453 early, mid, and late adolescents from 3 ethnic groups completed questionnaires describing the rate and affective intensity of daily conflicts with mothers and fathers in single-mother (divorced or never married), 2-biological-parent, and blended (remarried) families. Results. Compared to sons, daughters reported more disagreements with mothers and more negative affect in disagreements with mothers and fathers. Adolescents reported more total disagreements and more angry disagreements with single mothers than with mothers in 2-biological-parent families; adolescents in blended families fell in between. Reports of conflict with fathers did not differ across 2-biological-parent families and blended families. There were no household structure differences in conflict with parents (mothers and residential fathers combined), indicating that levels of conflict with single mothers are elevated by approximately the same number of disagreements that otherwise fall to fathers in 2-parent households. Potential moderators (adolescent age, ethnicity, and gender, maternal employment, prior marital status of single-mothers, socioeconomic status, and levels of social interaction) did not alter the results. Conclusions. For adolescents, single parenthood restricts the number of partners available for disagreement but has little bearing on the number or affective tenor of daily disagreements with mothers. In contrast, single parenthood is associated with elevated levels of family discord for mothers. 相似文献
13.
OBJECTIVE: Three groups of girls who were sexually abused (by either brothers, fathers, or stepfathers) were compared. The purpose was to identify the differing characteristics of the abuse, the family environments, and the psychosocial distress of these children. METHOD: Seventy-two girls aged between 5 and 16 were assigned to one of the three groups. Subjects were matched between groups on the basis of their actual age. Children completed measures of traumatic stress; their mothers completed the Child Behavior Checklist-Parent Report Form (CBCL) and other self-report questionnaires on family characteristics. Workers in child protective services completed information regarding the nature and severity of the abuse. RESULTS: Results suggested few differences in the characteristics of sexual abuse between the three groups. However, penetration was much more frequent in the sibling incest group (70.8%) than in the stepfather incest (27.3%) or father incest (34.8%) groups. Ninety percent of the victims of fathers and brothers manifested clinically-significant distress on at least one measure, whereas 63.6% of stepfather victims did. Compared with father and stepfather perpetrators, brothers were raised in families with more children and more alcohol abuse. CONCLUSIONS: The authors conclude that the characteristics of brother-sister incest and its associated psychosocial distress did not differ from the characteristics of father-daughter incest These findings suggest that theoretical models and clinical practices should be adjusted accordingly and that sibling incest should not necessarily be construed as less severe or harmful than father-daughter incest. 相似文献
14.
Reports of mother-daughter incest are conspicuously absent from the extensive literature on the sexual abuse of children. When homosexual incest has been reported, the relationship usually involves father and son. In some reported cases of father-daughter incest, the mother had an active role in the sexual act. There is one reported case of grandmother-grand-daughter incest. In the present case, the victim, L., entered psychotherapy because of migraine headaches. She was a university student, struggling, ambivalently, to separate from a jealous and possessive mother. She had been involved in several homosexual affairs which had ended with L. rejecting her partner. Early in therapy, she made a self-mutilating suicide attempt. L. was the only child of an older, lower middle class couple. Father was a passive, ineffectual man, overshadowed by L. 's mother. Soon after L. was born, mother and father began sleeping in separate bedrooms. When L. was six years old, mother invited her to share her bed. L. had a room of her own, but was allowed to sleep there only when mother entertained her homosexual lover. L. recalls being extremely jealous of her mother's lover. Starting at age 8, L. recalls awakening to find mother kissing L. on the lips or fondling her breasts. L. thinks that genital fondling also took place while L. was asleep. At age 14 L. insisted that she sleep alone because she felt there was “something wrong” with her relationship with mother. After two years of psychotherapy, L. was able to separate successfully from mother. Soon after this, she rekindled a relationship with a male friend and later married. It can be difficult to distinguish a sexually exploitative mother-daughter relationship from a normal physical closeness that occurs between mothers and female children. This closeness is critical in the development of mothering behaviors in the daughter. Seductive behavior in mothers is more socially tolerated than similar behavior in male caretakers. In some cultures, mothers actively masturbate their nursing infants. In the case of L., the sexual relationship between mother and daughter parallels the patterns seen in father-daughter incest. The incest behavior occurred in the context of a deteriorated husband-wife relationship. L. was confused about whether to relate to mother as a parent or as a sex partner. Sexual contact began when the patient was pre-pubertal and consisted mainly of fondling. L's memories of this contact are vague and dreamlike, and were revealed after a substantial therapeutic relationship had been established. L's subsequent homosexual encounters were a repetition of her seduction by her mother. Less explicit maternal seductions have been implicated in the pathogenesis of female homosexuality. As more women with homosexual life-styles take on the single parenting of daughters, reports of mother-daughter incest may become more common. 相似文献
15.
OBJECTIVES: Although women with histories of child sexual abuse (CSA) perceive themselves as less competent mothers and report greater parenting difficulties than nonabused women, few investigators have actually observed the parenting behaviors of CSA survivors. The primary aim of this study was to examine whether incest history was related to maternal perceptions of parenting efficacy and interactional patterns with their children. The secondary aim of this study was to explore the constructs of internal working models of relationships and maternal psychological adjustment as potential mediators of the relation between incest history and parenting. METHODS: A community sample of 17 incest survivors, 18 nonabused women and their 3-6 year-old children participated. Mothers completed self-report measures of parenting efficacy, parental bonding (i.e., internal working models of relationships), and psychological adjustment. In addition, mothers interacted with their children in a problem-solving task. RESULTS: Although incest survivors reported less parenting self-efficacy than did nonabused mothers, their interactional styles with their children were positive overall and comparable to those of nonabused mothers. Specifically, survivors displayed moderate to high levels of support, assistance, and confidence, and their children showed high levels of affection towards their mothers. Incest survivors reported less bonding with their own mothers in childhood and poorer current psychological adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that incest survivors' perceptions of their parenting abilities may be more negative than their actual parenting behaviors. 相似文献
16.
Monica Cuskelly David Chant Alan Hayes 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》1998,45(3):295-311
Forty‐five families with a child with Down syndrome and 88 comparison families provided information about their children's behaviour problems and their involvement in household tasks. In addition, parental stress was measured using the Parenting domain of the Parenting Stress Index (Abidin, 1990). There were no differences between the siblings of a child with Down syndrome and comparison children on mothers’ or fathers’ reports of problem behaviour. Siblings of a child with Down syndrome also did not differ in their contribution to family tasks, however, for the brothers of a child with Down syndrome there were significant negative correlations between household tasks and behaviour problems on fathers’ report. Parents of a child with Down syndrome reported more stress than comparison parents and stress was related to reports of problem behaviour for some parent groups. 相似文献
17.
Estefanía Estévez Sergio Murgui Gonzalo Musitu 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2009,24(4):473-483
The present study examined psychosocial adjustment in the following four groups of students: victims, bullies, bully/victims
and a control group of adolescents not involved in bullying or victimization problems. Psychosocial adjustment was measured
considering as indicators: level of self-esteem, depressive symptomatology, perceived stress, feeling of loneliness, and a
general measure of satisfaction with life. Participants (N=1319) were aged from 11 to 16 (47% male) and drawn from seven state
secondary schools in Valencia (Spain). ANOVAs revealed significant differences among groups, reporting adolescents not involved
a general better psychosocial adjustment; they had higher levels of self-esteem and satisfaction with life, and lower levels
of depressive symptomatology, perceived stress and feeling of loneliness. The scores for this group were equivalent to those
of bullies with respect to self-esteem, depressive symptomatology and loneliness. However, bullies perceived more stress and
expressed less satisfaction with life, as did the other two groups, namely victims and bully/victims. Victims reported the
strongest feelings of loneliness. Bully/victims seemed to share characteristics with both bullies and victims, though showing
more similarities with the latter and a general poor psychosocial profile. 相似文献
18.
Unemployment and Work Interruption among African American Single Mothers: Effects on Parenting and Adolescent Socioemotional Functioning 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
Vonnie C. McLoyd Toby Epstein Jayaratne Rosario Ceballo Julio Borquez 《Child development》1994,65(2):562-589
Using interview data from a sample of 241 single African American mothers and their seventh- and eighth-grade children, this study tests a model of how 2 economic stressors, maternal unemployment and work interruption, influence adolescent socioemotional functioning. In general, these economic stressors affected adolescent socioemotional functioning indirectly, rather than directly, through their impact on mothers' psychological functioning and, in turn, parenting behavior and mother-child relations. Current unemployment, but not past work interruption, had a direct effect on depressive symptomatology in mothers. As expected, depressive symptomatology in mothers predicted more frequent maternal punishment of adolescents, and this relation was fully mediated by mothers' negative perceptions of the maternal role. More frequent maternal punishment was associated with increased cognitive distress and depressive symptoms in adolescents, and consistent with predictions, these relations were partially mediated by adolescents' perceptions of the quality of relations with their mothers. Increased availability of instrumental support, as perceived by mothers, predicted fewer depressive symptoms in mothers, less punishment of adolescents, and less negativity about the maternal role. Both economic stressors were associated with higher levels of perceived financial strain in mothers, which in turn predicted adolescents' perceptions of economic hardship. Adolescents who perceived their families as experiencing more severe economic hardship reported higher anxiety, more cognitive distress, and lower self-esteem. 相似文献
19.
Women with a history of father-daughter incest as children often report difficulty in parenting their own children. This study examined the self-reported parenting experience and practices of women who were incest victims as children. Since many incest victims are also children of alcoholics, we compared their reports of parenting with those of women whose fathers were alcoholic but not sexually abusive, and to women who had no known risk during their childhood. The findigns were that incest survivors reported significantly less confidence and less sense of control as parents than nonrisk mothers. In addition, they reported significantly less support in the parental partnership with their spouses, and reported being less consistent and organized, and making fewer maturity demands on their children. The findings are discussed in terms of the incest survivor's sense of inefficacy and loss of control, the potential of the marital relationship to buffer the adverse effects of growing up in the dysfunctional, incestuous family, and future research directions. 相似文献