共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
Hsin-Yih Cindy Shyu 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2000,31(1):57-69
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of computer-assisted videodisc-based anchored instruction on attitudes toward mathematics and instruction as well as problem-solving skills among Taiwanese elementary students. Results from a t-test indicate a significant main effect on student attitudes toward mathematics. Results from a two-way Repeated Measures ANOVA show that students' problem-solving skills improve significantly with anchored instruction. Results also indicate that all the students benefit from the effects of anchored instruction on their problem-solving performance regardless of their mathematics and science abilities. The findings suggest that video-based anchored instruction provide a more motivating environment that enhanced students' problem-solving skills. This study is significant because it establishes an example of video-based anchored instruction for Taiwanese students and also provides empirical evidence of its effects on affective and cognitive responses among fifth graders in learning mathematics. This study is helpful to educators who want to help students learn to think and learn throughout technology. 相似文献
2.
Donald A. Stepich Peggy A. Ertmer Molly M. Lane 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2001,49(3):53-67
This paper proposes the use of specific coaching strategies to facilitate student use of expert-like problem-solving strategies
while analyzing and solving instructional design case studies. Findings from an exploratory study, designed to examine changes
in students' problem-solving skills as they analyzed case studies, suggested that students could show expert characteristics
at times, under some circumstances, but did not perform like experts on a regular basis. At two midwestern universities, 37
students analyzed 6 to 10 case studies both in class and in on-line discussions. Comparisons were made both within and across
students, as well as across time, to examine patterns and changes in student problem-solving approaches. Findings suggested
that primary influences on the incidence of expert performance were more external than internal and might be more aptly characterized
as “coached expertise”. Specific suggestions are included for coaching the development of student problem-solving skills within
a case-based course. 相似文献
3.
Russell D. Blyth 《PRIMUS》2015,25(3):265-278
AbstractThe author has taught an inquiry-based liberal arts mathematics class using the text “The Heart of Mathematics: An Invitation to Effective Thinking” by Edward B. Burger and Michael Starbird a total of 20 times since Spring 2001. The students in this class have almost all been in non-technical majors and many started the semester with negative or ambivalent attitudes toward mathematics based on their prior experiences. The author has gathered responses from students in this class that illustrate significant changes in their attitudes towards mathematics during the course. In particular, the responses gathered at the end of the semester are often eloquent about understanding the great ideas of mathematics that students confronted in this course and about seeing many more and varied connections between mathematics and the “real world” than they had previously realized existed. 相似文献
4.
Little is known about the development of mathematics anxiety in elementary school students. To address this gap in knowledge, the authors evaluated students in Grades 3 and 6 on measures of mathematics anxiety, school test anxiety, and attitudes toward mathematics to determine (a) whether different forms of mathematics anxiety exist, (b) whether mathematics test anxiety differs from school test anxiety, and (c) whether mathematics anxiety is related to different attitudes toward mathematics. Evidence was found for two distinct forms of mathematics anxiety: test and problem-solving anxiety. Mathematics test anxiety increased with age relative to mathematics problem-solving anxiety; this result demonstrated that children become more anxious about mathematics testing situations as they progress through school. Mathematics test anxiety was related, but not identical, to school test anxiety, and students in both grades were less anxious about math tests than about academic testing generally. Finally, older students tended to show more positive attitudes toward mathematics than did younger students, and relations between these attitudes and the two forms of mathematics anxiety also changed between Grades 3 and 6. 相似文献
5.
This study investigates the changes in mathematical problem-solving beliefs and behaviour of mathematics students during the
years after entering university. Novice bachelor students fill in a questionnaire about their problem-solving beliefs and
behaviour. At the end of their bachelor programme, as experienced bachelor students, they again fill in the questionnaire.
As an educational exercise in academic reflection, they have to explain their individual shifts in beliefs, if any. Significant
shifts for the group as a whole are reported, such as the growth of attention to metacognitive aspects in problem-solving
or the growth of the belief that problem-solving is not only routine but has many productive aspects. On the one hand, the
changes in beliefs and behaviour are mostly towards their teachers’ beliefs and behaviour, which were measured using the same
questionnaire. On the other hand, students show aspects of the development of an individual problem-solving style. The students
explain the shifts mainly by the specific nature of the mathematics problems encountered at university compared to secondary
school mathematics problems. This study was carried out in the theoretical framework of learning as enculturation. Apparently,
secondary mathematics education does not quite succeed in showing an authentic image of the culture of mathematics concerning
problem-solving. This aspect partly explains the low number of students choosing to study mathematics.
相似文献
| Jacob PerrenetEmail: |
6.
High-School Students' Attitudes Regarding Procedural Abstraction 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bruria Haberman 《Education and Information Technologies》2004,9(2):131-145
During the last decade a new computer science curriculum has been taught in Israeli high schools. This curriculum introduces CS concepts and problem-solving methods independently of specific computers and programming languages, along with the practical implementation of those concepts and methods encountered in actual programming languages. The advanced study unit of the curriculum, Software Design, introduces the students to various aspects of software systems design through the use of abstract data types (ADTs). One main goal of the unit is to develop abstract thinking skills and problem-solving abilities. More specifically, the unit presents principles such as procedural abstraction, data abstraction, information hiding, modularity, efficiency, and reuse of code.We present the results of a preliminary study whose aim was to assess students' attitudes regarding procedural abstraction. The research population consisted of high-school students who attended the Software Design course (beginners), and a control group of undergraduate CS students (advanced). The results of the study clearly indicated a significant difference between the attitudes of the two groups. We found that the advanced students preferred algorithms that were formulated to some extent with high-level abstraction; however, they encountered a cognitive barrier when dealing with algorithms that they had evaluated as too abstract for them. However, beginners felt more comfortable with algorithms with low-level abstraction. Nevertheless they showed open-mindedness toward some degree of procedural abstraction. The results of the study were used to design scaffolding problem-solving tools for algorithm development, utilizing procedural abstraction techniques that can be adapted to various student populations (Haberman, B. (2002) SIGCSE Bulletin, 34(4), 60–64). 相似文献
7.
作为一种数学学习资源,情境在数学教学中发挥着多种作用:激发兴趣,促进学生参与数学学习;揭示知识的产生背景,促进学生对数学的理解;启迪思维,引导学生探寻解决问题的策略;提供运用数学的机会,培养学生解决问题的能力;等等。深刻理解情境多方面的作用,有助于促进学生有意义的数学学习。 相似文献
8.
This paper explores the nature and source of mathematics homework and teachers’ and students’ perspectives about the role
of mathematics homework. The subjects of the study are three grade 8 mathematics teachers and 115 of their students. Data
from field notes, teacher interviews and student questionnaire are analysed using qualitative methods. The findings show that
all 3 teachers gave their students homework for instructional purposes to engage them in consolidating what they were taught
in class as well as prepare them for upcoming tests and examinations. The homework only involved paper and pencil, was compulsory,
homogenous for the whole class and meant for individual work. The main source of homework assignments was the textbook that
the students used for the study of mathematics at school. ‘Practice makes perfect’ appeared to be the underlying belief of
all 3 teachers when rationalising why they gave their students homework. From the perspective of the teachers, the role of
homework was mainly to hone skills and comprehend concepts, extend their ‘seatwork into out of class time’ and cultivate a
sense of responsibility. From the perspectives of the students, homework served 6 functions, namely improving/enhancing understanding
of mathematics concepts, revising/practising the topic taught, improving problem-solving skills, preparing for test/examination,
assessing understanding/learning from mistakes and extending mathematical knowledge. 相似文献
9.
This study assessed responsiveness to a 16-week mathematical problem-solving treatment as a function of students' risk for disability. Among 301 third graders, TerraNova scores were used to categorize students as at risk for both reading and mathematics disability (MDR/RDR; 20 control and 12 experimental), at risk for mathematics disability only (MDR-only; 5 and 8), at risk for reading disability only (RDR-only; 12 and 15), or not at risk (NDR; 60 and 69). Interactions among at-risk status, treatment, and time showed that as a function of treatment, MDR/RDR, MDR-only, and RDR-only students improved less than NDR students on computation and labeling, and MDR/RDR students improved less than all other groups on conceptual underpinnings. Exploratory regressions suggested that MDR/RDR students' math deficits or their underlying mechanisms explained a greater proportion of variance in responsiveness to problem-solving treatment than reading deficits or their underlying mechanisms. 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
M.W. Duffrin 《Journal of Food Science Education》2003,2(1):2-6
ABSTRACT: Problem-based learning (PBL) activities incorporated into an introductory food science course can aid in student understanding of basic food science principles while developing students' problem-solving and critical thinking skills. This article describes one example of how problem-based learning was introduced into an introductory food science course designed for food and nutrition majors. Included are the problems that were developed for the course and the observed outcomes of the problem-based learning activities. Integrated problem-based learning aided students in developing communication, problem-solving, self-directed learning, and other desired skills and demonstrates the potential to be an enjoyable and challenging classroom experience for both students and teachers. However, poor problem design, such as introducing numerous problems for one subject area, may generate unanticipated quick answer approaches to solving problems. 相似文献
13.
This phenomenographic study documented changes in student-held electrical concepts the development of meaningful learning
among students with both low and high prior knowledge within a problem-based learning (PBL) undergraduate electrical engineering
course. This paper reports on four subjects: two with high prior knowledge and two with low prior knowledge. Subjects were
interviewed at the beginning and end of the course to document their understanding of basic electrical concepts. During the
term, they were videotaped while solving problems in lab. Concept maps were generated to represent how subjects verbally connected
concepts during problem-solving. Significant to PBL research, each subject’s body of meaningful learning changed with each
new problem, according to how the subject idiosyncratically interpreted the activity. Prior knowledge among the four subjects
was a predictor of final knowledge, but not of problem-solving success. Differences in success seemed related more to mathematical
ability and habits of mind. The study concluded that, depending on context, meaningful learning and habits of mind may contribute
significantly to problem-solving success. The article presents a testable model of learning in PBL for further research. 相似文献
14.
Louis van Schalkwijk Theo Bergen Arnoud van Rooij 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2000,43(3):293-311
The Mathematics Department of the University of Nijmegen in collaboration with the Graduate School of Education has developed
a math course in the field of fractals and dynamic processes for volunteer students in the second phase of secondary education
in the Netherlands. The students, of approximately 16 years of age, show a special interest in, and an aptitude for mathematics
and informatics. One of the main goals of the course was to highlight the deductive aspect of mathematics, an aspect that
is neglected in the ordinary math curriculum of secondary education in the Netherlands. That goal was pursued by giving the
students ample opportunity to conduct investigations on their own and in a way that they would be responsible for judging
the correctness of their arguments in making mathematical deductions. In that way proving is imbedded in a larger structure
and becomes a tool for the students to convince each other. During the courses we searched for the right way for teachers
to coach these investigations, that is: to find a balance between mere concentration on guiding the process of the students'
investigations and active intervention in the learning process of proving. In this article we illustrate with two examples
– the first from the '95–'96 course and the second from the '96–'97 course – in what way we adjusted our coaching. Our results
are explorative, but our approach appears promising and we are convinced that investigations as learning environment for proving
would also be a valuable part for the regular secondary math education in the Netherlands.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
Blatto-Vallee G Kelly RR Gaustad MG Porter J Fonzi J 《Journal of deaf studies and deaf education》2007,12(4):432-448
This research examined the use of visual-spatial representation by deaf and hearing students while solving mathematical problems. The connection between spatial skills and success in mathematics performance has long been established in the literature. This study examined the distinction between visual-spatial "schematic" representations that encode the spatial relations described in a problem versus visual-spatial "pictorial" representations that encode only the visual appearance of the objects described in a problem. A total of 305 hearing (n = 156) and deaf (n = 149) participants from middle school, high school, and college participated in this study. At all educational levels, the hearing students performed significantly better in solving the mathematical problems compared to their deaf peers. Although the deaf baccalaureate students exhibited the highest performance of all the deaf participants, they only performed as well as the hearing middle school students who were the lowest scoring hearing group. Deaf students remained flat in their performance on the mathematical problem-solving task from middle school through the college associate degree level. The analysis of the students' problem representations showed that the hearing participants utilized visual-spatial schematic representation to a greater extent than did the deaf participants. However, the use of visual-spatial schematic representations was a stronger positive predictor of mathematical problem-solving performance for the deaf students. When deaf students' problem representation focused simply on the visual-spatial pictorial or iconic aspects of the mathematical problems, there was a negative predictive relationship with their problem-solving performance. On two measures of visual-spatial abilities, the hearing students in high school and college performed significantly better than their deaf peers. 相似文献
16.
This paper reports results of intensive field work in urban high school mathematics and science classrooms based on research
with students attending eight high schools located in large, disparate urban sites across the U.S. During the course of our
observations and interviews we recorded students’ activities as well as their impressions of classroom processes over the
course of a week in each classroom using the Experience Sampling Method (ESM). ESM allows students to record information about
their classroom experiences at intervals during daily mathematics and science classroom lessons. We measured levels of student
engagement and examined relationships between student engagement and an array of predictors. We take a social organizational
approach to interpreting classroom processes, examining the extent to which classroom activities influence student perception
of class and communication among students and how these intervening factors affect student engagement during on-going classroom
activities. Results suggest that there is variation between group members’ reactions to classroom activities. Specifically,
as an example, Latino Students in Chicago, Miami and El Paso were far more engaged and responsive to classroom lessons during
the time they spent in small problem-solving groups during class. Student Engagement in High School Mathematics and Science.
Kazuaki Uekawa is affiliated with the American Institutes for Research, Washinton DC, USA. Kathryn Borman and Reginald Lee
are affilated with the The University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA. Address correspondence to Kazuaki Uekawa, American
Institutes for Research, Washinton DC, USA; e-mail: kuekawa@air.org 相似文献
17.
论国际中学数学课程目标的改革方向 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李吉宝 《天津师范大学学报(基础教育版)》2003,4(4):50-53
注重数学应用是强调问题解决的必然结果;数学交流对培养学生的数学素质有着重要的作用;数学思想方法已被世界各国作为一种精神来传授;学生自信心的培养是数学课程目标的最高境界。这些方面集中体现了当前国际中学数学课程目标的改革方向。研究国际中学数学课程目标的发展方向,对有效地指导我国中学数学教育教学具有积极的现实意义。 相似文献
18.
Kristie Jones Newton 《Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education》2009,12(2):89-109
This study was undertaken in order to better understand prospective elementary school teachers’ motivations for working with
fractions before and after taking a course designed to deepen their understanding of mathematics, as well as what instructional
practices might be related to any changes detected in their motivations. Eighty-five education students were given a motivation
questionnaire at the beginning and end of the semester, and observations were made of the 9 days when fractions were taught.
Three levels of teacher data were collected to understand instructional practices. Students’ ratings of the importance and
usefulness of fractions (value), self-concept of ability, and anxiety were near the center of the scale at pre-test, with only value in the desired direction. At posttest, value and self-concept of ability increased while anxiety decreased, but these changes differed somewhat by instructor. In particular, reform-oriented practices, such as engaging
students in high-level discourse, seemed to be associated with lowered anxiety. 相似文献
19.
Dr. J. A. Woolnough 《Research in Science Education》1993,23(1):355-355
This paper presents an evaluation of the Physics course at Dickson College (ACT). It highlights students' expectations before
the course, and their impressions and feelings during the course. This is the second evaluation carried out as part of a long
term study of student attitudes before and after the introduction of a more ‘conceptual’ approach to the teaching of physics
at this college. Overall, this approach has produced a more positive attitude in all students, but more significantly in girls.
Specializations: senior physics, chemistry and biology. 相似文献
20.
Students’ concerns about mathematics can significantly affect their ability to learn the subject. In particular, their anxieties
and attitudes can greatly affect how they perceive their own mathematical competence, and in return, this may make them reluctant
to pursue mathematical studies. Many researchers believe in the role of active learning environments in reshaping students’
perception of and emotions about mathematics. This paper reports the results of an investigation on the effect of one such
environment. As a result of being exposed to an active learning environment, a group of 21 cohort students showed opinion
changes from a pre- to post-survey statements significantly on emotion and noticeably on confidence and perception statements.
There was, however, no statistically significant change observed on the opinions of a group of 41 traditional students. 相似文献