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1.
第二次世界大战结束后,代表印度民族资产阶级利益的国大党领导人尼赫鲁,根据当时国内外形势和印度社会国情(多民族、多宗教、多文化)的特点,制定了实现印度政治现代化的四大原则(纲领):即民族主义、议会民主、社会主义和世俗主义,并把它载入国大党党纲。国大党领导人这一富有远见的建国方略\决策和定位,成为独立后印度现代政治发展的主旋律。这四大原则中,民族主义是捍卫印度国家独立和维护主权的象征。社会主义是当时顺乎民心的一个时髦口号,目的是缓和国内矛盾,消除中国革命胜利的影响和谋求政治资本。世俗主义和议会民主则…  相似文献   

2.
20世纪90年代以来,印度低种姓集团的参政意识逐步提高,低种姓政党不断涌现,种姓协会日益活跃,使低种姓成为印度政坛不可忽视的政治力量。这种现象除了低种姓自身政治意识的觉醒外,与政党对种姓的利用以及政府的政策措施等密切相关。它对印度社会发展的影响呈现出双重性的特征。一方面把印度引向民主化、世俗化和现代化;另一方面则把印度保留在传统的社会文化价值观和制度中,这将大大延缓印度社会在整体上突飞猛进的发展。  相似文献   

3.
种姓制是印度社会独特的一种等级制度。印度独立后,采取了种种措施以消除种姓问题,种姓制也发生了很大的变化,但种姓制残余依然存在,“新佛教运动”的兴起表明了种姓问题依然严重。而种姓制度是与印度文明、印度人的思想观念紧密相连的,加上种姓政治的出现,使得这一制度有了得以延续的载体,所以根除它是很不容易的。但只有根除它才能使印度这个文明古国焕发青春,因为它仍是印度社会发展的一大障碍。  相似文献   

4.
种姓制度是印度社会的重要特征,全面地作用于其社会发展的全过程,是印度政治文化的重要组成部分,对古印度的政教关系及社会人群的政治意识有重大的影响,使得印度在近现代以前形成了一种淡漠政治的文化风气。随着英国殖民统治进入印度的资本主义政治制度对印度的传统政治造成了剧烈的改变,使其从表象到实质都发生了深刻的异化。  相似文献   

5.
印度被称为最大的议会民主制国家,但由于特殊的历史国情,印度独立后出现家族政治,自1947年到1989年,尼赫鲁家族三代成员担任政府首脑长达38年。2004年及2009年大选,国大党获胜,家族政治仍然发挥着重要作用。家族政治显然与民主制原则相背离,使印度一度出现独裁专制现象,带来深远的消极影响,但家族政治在印度特殊历史环境下也发挥着一定作用。  相似文献   

6.
在印度存在了几千年的种姓制度,其特点和作用随着社会发展而不断变化。当今种姓制的政治作用不断加强,表现在:低种姓群体政治上进一步觉醒,他们形成自己的政党、协会等组织,积极参与政治活动;政党对种姓的利用增强,各种选举离不开种姓因素;种姓冲突频仍,导致政局动荡,其在政治生活中的分量加重。  相似文献   

7.
安姆贝德卡博士是印度近代历史上一位伟大的贱民反抗运动的领袖,他用毕生的精力致力于反抗种姓制,为下层民众寻求社会平等的斗争.他走上这条道路的原因不是单一的,而是复杂多样的,文章认为安姆贝德卡博士走上这反抗种姓制道路的原因主要是他认识到了自已出身低下,饱受屈辱的根源是印度存在了几千年的种姓制度,尤其是在他留学期间接触到西方启蒙思想和民主平等的思想之后,推翻种姓制获取社会平等的意识更加强烈.而印度思想家的社会改革思想也让他得出了只有彻底推翻种姓制才能改变印度社会的不平等.  相似文献   

8.
萨瓦卡尔是印度教民族主义领导人,其思想对印度影响至深,包括独特的种姓制度观。他号召改革种姓制度,谴责种姓通婚限制,要求根除不可接触制,同时却对种姓的团结和稳定念念不忘,充满矛盾。究其原因,是社会理想主义向政治现实主义的折服。  相似文献   

9.
印度封建社会,经济生活与社会关系自成一体的农村公社继续广泛存在,种姓制度随着社会分工和阶级分化的加深而不断繁衍。印度教既是这种社会现实在意识形态中的反映,又使这种社会状况更加凝固。因而印度政治上的分裂局面愈演愈烈,易于被外来侵略者所征服  相似文献   

10.
印度早期佛教如何对待种姓制度是印度史上的一个重大问题。在资产阶级学者的印度史著作里,对于这个问题,一般所论很少,而且也未能作出深入、明确的分析。就英国资产阶级学者的印度史代表著作来看,V.A.斯密司的《早期印度史》对佛教几乎无所论述;《剑桥印度史》第一卷关于早期佛教时代的两个专章也未论及佛教政治思想。再就印度本国资产阶级学者的代表著作来看,《印度人民的历史与文化》第二卷有一节专论佛教教义,组织与早期发展史,而关于佛教对待种姓制的态度,则只是简单地说“婆罗门之对优越种姓地位的要求遭到了反对,但是种姓制却因刹帝利是高于婆罗门的种姓的教条而暗暗地被认可了”;R.C.马占达在《古代印度》一书中也只是说佛教“反对婆罗门所僭占的优越地位”。他们也说明了一些历史事实,但是由于没有联系到当时历史条件与阶级矛盾特点来进行分析,所以没有能充分阐明佛教种姓制度观的真相和历史意义。  相似文献   

11.
《海外英语》2007,(5):44-45
It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,  相似文献   

12.
一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/  相似文献   

13.
《海外英语》2007,(5):10-11
Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?  相似文献   

14.
The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.  相似文献   

15.
《海外英语》2007,(4):36
There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.  相似文献   

16.
王菲 《华章》2007,(12):273-273
Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.  相似文献   

17.
风的曲线     
Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.  相似文献   

18.
Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F.  相似文献   

19.
裴水妹 《华章》2007,(11):196
Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.  相似文献   

20.
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