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1.
《中国科技论坛》2017,(5)
本研究以环境全要素生产率对经济增长的贡献比作为经济增长模式度量指标,对1995—2012年中国经济增长模式的现状及变化特征进行了分析,并基于区域市场整合的视角检验了经济增长模式的影响因素。结论表明:1995—2012年经济增长中环境全要素生产率贡献比经历了"先上升,后下降"的过程,但要素投入、生态环境破坏型粗放增长是经济增长的主旋律,东部、中部及西部三大地区环境全要素生产率变动对经济增长贡献的趋势有所交叉与重叠,各地区之间的差距整体上呈现收敛态势;区域市场整合对经济增长模式转型升级产生显著正向影响,且与对外经济开放形成"替代效应",促进各地区经济增长模式趋于收敛。产业结构、技术进步对经济增长模式转型升级起到正向影响,而资本强度、能源强度则起到显著的负向影响,且经济增长模式转型升级具有一定的滞后效应。 相似文献
2.
基于Malmquist-DEA的中国能源产业技术进步与技术效率研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文在构建1999-2010年中国29个省区市能源产业面板数据的基础上,应用Malmquist-DEA方法,对中国能源产业的生产率、技术进步、技术效率的增长来源、差异与变化趋势进行了实证分析.结果表明,考察期内中国各地区能源产业平均的全要素生产率呈下降趋势,技术进步是生产率提高的决定因素,全要素生产率的提高对于技术进步的依赖是非常明显的,但是中国能源产业全要素生产率的增长主要来源于规模效率而不是技术效率.此外,各地区的技术效率存在显著的条件收敛,但不存在显著的绝对收敛;技术进步既存在条件收敛,也存在着绝对发散.因此,我国各省份能源产业的生产率将不能实现最终趋同. 相似文献
3.
《中国科技论坛》2015,(11)
利用Sequential Malmquist指数方法评价中国29个省份1998—2012年高校科技创新全要素生产率增长,并将其分解为纯技术效率变化、纯技术进步和规模报酬变动,继而对高校科技创新全要素生产率增长及其分解的差异及收敛进行实证检验。研究发现,高校科技创新全要素生产率总体呈现增长态势。其中,全部省份的高校科技创新均实现了技术进步,但高校科技创新纯技术效率则显著下降,且总体处于规模报酬递减阶段;高校科技创新全要素生产率增长及其分解在区域层面和省级层面均不同程度上存在空间分布差异;高校科技创新全要素生产率增长及其分解的σ指标值呈现波动下降态势,并且各指标值均存在显著的绝对β收敛。最后,提出针对性政策建议。 相似文献
4.
以2000-2008年中国大陆28个省份的面板数据为基础,应用超越对数随机前沿模型,实证测评了各地区高技术产业研发创新的相对效率与全要素生产率增长情况.研究显示,各地区高技术产业研发创新技术效率存在差异,且东部地区高于中、西部;研发创新的全要素生产率与技术进步均有所增长,多数地区高技术产业技术进步率高于全要素生产率增长率;技术进步是全要素生产率增长的主要动力,而技术效率在考察期内并未发生明显变化. 相似文献
5.
本文运用Malmquist-Luenberger指数法测度了我国各地区1995-2007年碳排放约束下全要素生产率增长及构成.估计了在碳排放约束和传统情形下全要素生产率指数及其构成,并检验两种情况下全要素生产率及其构成的差异.主要结论有:碳排放约束条件下东部地区TFP增长最快,西部地区增长最慢,中部地区则均介于二者之间;我国全要素生产率增长水平不断提高,技术效率变化是全要素生产率增长的源泉,但在碳排放约束情况下不及传统全要素生产率高;在28个省市区中,有8个地区至少移动生产可能性边界1次;本文还实证考察了人均GDP、工业化水平、技术无效率水平、劳均资本、能源强度和开放度等因素对在碳排放约束条件下全要素生产率影响效果,并据此给出了一些政策性建议. 相似文献
6.
环境约束下我国西南地区农业全要素生产率度量及收敛性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
首先用清单分析法对我国西南地区农业面源污染进行核算,将其纳入农业全要素生产率框架,并基于Malmquist-Luenberger生产率指数和新古典收敛模型实证分析我国西南地区农业全要素生产率增长及其演进规律。实证结果显示:(1)考虑环境约束的农业全要素生产率显著低于传统不考虑环境约束的测算结果,反映出西南地区农业经济呈现以牺牲生态环境为代价的粗放型增长。(2)环境约束下桂川渝地区农业全要素生产率高于云贵地区,贵州农业发展呈现出典型的增长与环境双重恶化现象。(3)环境约束下西南地区农业全要素生产率存在σ收敛和β收敛,但是σ收敛趋势并不稳定。基于上述结论,提出相关政策建议。 相似文献
7.
能源、环境约束下的经济增长效率测评——以安阳市工业为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在综合考虑能源和环境因素的条件下,采用基于方向性距离函数的DEA模型和经济增长的四元分解模型对安阳市各地区2004—2010年的工业效率进行测算和评价,同时利用面板数据模型对全要素生产率影响因素进行计量分析。研究发现,安阳市各地区平均绿色全要素生产率虽实现了增长,但总体低于其传统值,并且地区内部差距也较大。通过工业经济增长源泉的分解发现,安阳市工业增长总体上是粗放的"要素驱动型"增长,绿色全要素生产率对工业产出的贡献份额仅为5%。基于上述结论,结合绿色全要素生产率影响因素的计量结果提出促进安阳市工业可持续发展的对策建议。 相似文献
8.
以丝绸之路经济带沿线10省市为研究对象,采用DEA-Malmquist法对各省份2001~2014年的全要素生产率进行测算比较,并分析了收敛性特征和影响因素。结果表明:10省市2001~2014年全要素生产率总体上为负增长,平均Malmquist指数为0.992,低于全国平均水平;与全国相比,10省市的优势在于规模效率变化,劣势在于技术变化;各省市全要素生产率存在显著差异,且受内外部环境的影响较大;10省市全要素生产率不存在σ收敛和绝对β收敛,但存在条件β收敛。最后,提出了增加人力资本投资、优化产业结构、构建安定和谐社会环境和注重质量效益等建议。 相似文献
9.
10.
中国地区研发创新的技术效率与技术进步 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
摘要：以1998-2006年中国大陆30个省级行政区域的研发面板数据为分析样本,应用DEA的方法,实证测评了各地区研发创新过程中的技术效率、技术进步及全要素生产率增长情况,并就技术效率的收敛问题进行了进一步探讨。主要的研究发现有：中国地区研发创新的技术效率整体较低,且其原因主要是纯技术效率不佳所致;考察期内各地区全要素生产率明显提高,这主要得益于技术进步,而效率改善的作用并不明显;全国及东、中、西部三大地区的技术效率存在显著的收敛趋势,落后地区向先进地区的学习与追赶效应已初步显现。本文结论为国家及地方创新工程建设的效率改善提供启示。 相似文献
11.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
12.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
13.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
14.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
15.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
16.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
17.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
18.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
19.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
20.
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献