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1.
近十年来,中国光伏产业迅速发展,并成功追赶和超越其他发达国家成为全球光伏产业领导者。基于创新生态系统视角,本研究探索中国光伏产业追赶与超越的机制。通过对中国光伏企业的案例分析发现,在进入阶段,中国光伏企业利用国际市场需求机会窗口,通过嵌入全球创新生态系统进行技术引进、建立合法性、获取国际资本来提高企业绩效。在追赶和超越阶段,中国光伏企业利用创新生态系统互补性技术机会窗口,通过选择性地知识共享、上下游合作创新、形成全产业链及集聚效应、互补性技术创新来建立本地创新生态系统,以提高绩效并实现追赶和超越。此外,在超越阶段,中国政府帮助光伏企业培育本地下游市场需求,中国光伏企业利用制度政策机会窗口稳固了本地创新生态系统,有效协调生态上下游企业共同创新,保持了中国光伏产业的领先地位。 相似文献
2.
This paper aims to analyse the risk of intellectual property (IP) infringements by competitors from abroad and in particular to consider whether this risk is higher for international innovating firms. We distinguish three different types of IP infringements from abroad: the usage of firms’ technical inventions, product piracy, and copying of corporate names and designs. Our analysis rests on the German data from the Europe-wide Community Innovation Survey (CIS). We use a unique data set of about 900 observations, which are retrieved from two survey waves. While the earlier wave contains information about international and domestic innovation activities, the later wave reports IP infringements. In a second analysis, the likelihood of infringements from innovation host countries and no-innovation host countries abroad is examined. Before the empirical analysis, an exploratory study was carried out in China with interviews of German firms with innovation activities in China and with a legal advisor for small and medium-sized German enterprises. The results show that firms with international R&D activities are increasing their chances of losing technological knowledge to their local competitors abroad. R&D activities in countries with weak intellectual property rights increase the risk for all types of IP infringements compared to domestic R&D activities. Infringements by competitors from the host country are driven by the production of new produces in this country. Export intensity is the major driver of infringements from no-innovation host countries. R&D activities in China and North America also increase the risk of an infringement. However, firms that innovate only in their home country experience significantly more product piracy cases than international innovating firms. 相似文献
3.
This paper presents data from Brazilian Patent Office (Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial, INPI) and compares them with data from the United States Patent Office (USPTO). Developing countries have technological activities that are important locally but not significant at international level (imitation, local learning, adaptation of foreign innovations). These activities might be patentable only at national level. Therefore, the study of domestic patents of developing countries provides a broader picture than USPTO patents. This paper compares 8309 INPI patents with 475 USPTO patents (between 1980 and 1995). Domestic patent data show peculiarities in the Brazilian case, possibly shared with other countries in similar technological level: (a) high share of individual patents; (b) foreign-owned firms with important activities; (c) low firm involvement in R&D activities. Some characteristics are shared with developed countries: (a) domestic firms as the major patentees; (b) according to firm size, there is a U-shaped distribution of patents; (c) evidences of multi-technology large firms; (d) a relatively small share of firms have more than one patent in the whole period. The contrast between USPTO and national patenting statistics shows different rankings according to ownership structure, leading firms, industrial sectors, and international patent classification. These differences highlight sources of international competitiveness and point to weaknesses in Brazilian innovative activities. This paper concludes evaluating the contributions (and weaknesses) of this database for the evaluation of the Brazilian National System of Innovation. 相似文献
4.
An audit of technological innovation capabilities in chinese firms: some empirical findings in Beijing, China 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Recent studies have advocated different technological innovation capabilities (TICs) and discussed their impact on a firm’s competitive performance. This paper introduces a study framework of innovation audit and examines the relevance of seven TICs to building and sustaining the competitiveness of Chinese firms. Empirical data was acquired through a recent study of 213 Chinese firms in Beijing, China. Regression analysis was employed to examine the correlation between TICs and innovation rate, sales growth, and product competitiveness among these firms. The findings verify that R&D and resources allocation capabilities are the two most important TICs. A strong R&D capability could safeguard innovation rate and product competitiveness in large and medium-sized firms, whereas a resources allocation capability would enhance the sales growth in small firms. However, the impact of learning and organising capabilities on a firm’s innovation performance has yet to be investigated.The findings of this paper suggest that Chinese firms should consider a more balanced focus on their TICs’ harmonising enhancement. In order to maintain their sustainable development, effectively plan and implement their innovation strategies as well as enhance their whole innovation capability, Chinese firms should closely relate their TICs to the formulation of technology strategy and harmonisation of innovation and R&D activities. 相似文献
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6.
中国科技政策与产业协同演化年 《科学学研究》2018,36(12):2129-2131
本文回顾了改革开放40年来中国科技政策和产业发展的协同演化历程,指出了后发国家科技政策的着力点和着力方式应当伴随其产业追赶的进程而不断调整。在产业追赶初期,科技政策的主要着力点应放在促进技术引进,其着力方式主要体现在为本土企业创造学习国外先进技术的机会。在产业追赶中期,科技政策的重点应逐步转向促进企业自主创新,避免对国外技术形成依赖。而在产业追赶后期,由于走向国际创新前沿的本土企业面临技术和市场的双重不确定性,科技政策的重点应进一步转到引导技术方向和创造市场需求之上。 相似文献
7.
市场需求最终决定技术创新方向,据此提出市场定义产品的概念。世界市场在表现一体化趋势的同时,也呈现异质性格局,突出表现为不同国家市场的差异。大市场还是小市场,领先市场还是跟随市场,是决定一国市场重要性的两个主要方面。当兼具大市场和领先市场的特征时,一国市场就能定义有关产品创新方向。中国正在迅速成为大市场,并存在成为领先市场的持久趋势,因此中国市场定义产品的时代正在到来。国内市场是中国企业实现技术赶超,进而形成创新竞争力和争夺产业主导权的战略依托。着眼于技术赶超目标,中国企业需要立足国内市场,面向全球市场,实施开放创新战略。建立包括技术吸收能力在内的基础能力是实施这一战略的前提。 相似文献
8.
当前后发企业的技术寻求型的跨国并购发展迅速,然而并后成功实现整合并获得技术升级的企业并不多见,一直以来是困扰后发跨国企业的一大难题。本研究在二次创新理论的基础上构建了全球化进程中的动态演化模型,试图通过组织学习与组织合法性两个维度,解释后发跨国企业如何在跨国并购过程中实现技术能力的积累与提升。通过追踪研究中国民营车企吉利集团十余年内多次跨国并购行为,我们发现：吉利集团凭借三次螺旋上升的互补资产寻求型跨国并购,利用组织内外部合法性的杠杆效应,确保了并购后组织学习的有效性,正是通过这种全球二次创新的动态演进模式,吉利集团成功实现了后发者的追赶。 相似文献
9.
本文首先对传统上本土企业"知识溢出"的思想进行质疑,认为代工企业存在学习失效。本文通过好孩子公司沿全球价值链攀升的案例,认为代工企业转型升级需要组织学习模式的转化:从学习方向上来说成功地从外驱式学习转化为内省式学习、从学习方式上来说从单一的探索式或利用式学习转化为两者均衡的双元学习。此过程中公司创业是制度保证。本文最后还强调了技术创新与管理创新的同步性,并对有些代工企业不成功的原因进行了解读。 相似文献
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专利技术许可与中国企业创新能力发展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章综合考察了技术许可、技术学习与企业创新能力之间的关系。采用2000-2003年间186家本土中国企业的专利技术许可数据进行计量分析,结果表明：技术许可提高了引进企业的自主创新能力。相对于国内技术许可而言,国外技术引进对企业表现出了更强的作用力,无论是创新数量还是质量上。但是,计量结果并不支持国际技术许可引进可以提高企业国际创新能力的假设。企业吸收能力和企业规模对企业技术引进学习和自主创新能力提高具有积极影响,而区域创新体系和企业行业特征的作用并不显著。文章结尾针对企业和国家层面提出若干建议。 相似文献
11.
中美贸易摩擦影响中国企业研发国际化吗? 《科学学研究》2022,40(5):796-807
基于2001-2019年美国对华发起的贸易调查事件,以我国A股制造业上市公司为研究对象,检验中美贸易摩擦对中国企业研发国际化的影响。研究发现：受出口管制、进口竞争和市场压力的影响,贸易调查涉案企业会选择在下一期减少研发国际化活动。进一步检验发现,上述负面冲击在遭受反倾销或反补贴调查的企业,在美国或发展中国家开展研发活动的企业,以及技术密集型、资本密集型的产业中更显著。根据上述结论,本文提出了应对中美贸易摩擦冲击的建议。 相似文献
12.
First- and second-order additionality and learning outcomes in collaborative R&D programs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this paper, we distinguish between firm-level learning effects that result from ‘first-order’ and ‘second-order’ additionalities in innovation policy interventions. ‘First-order’ additionalities represent direct firm-level R&D subsidies, whereas ‘second-order’ additionalities result from knowledge spill-overs, horizontal knowledge exchanges between firms, and from other meso- or community-level effects. Analyzing data from collaborative R&D programs in Finland, we show that enhancing identification with a community of practice among R&D program participants (proxy for second-order additionality) enhances firm-level learning outcomes beyond those resulting from direct R&D subsidy (proxy for first-order additionality). Learning effects facilitated by second-order additionality are not confined to technological learning alone, encompassing also business and market learning. We also show that aspects of program implementation enhance identification with a community of practice, which then mediate the relationship between program implementation and firm-level learning outcomes. 相似文献
13.
In the continuing debate about the positive versus negative effects of inward investments in a host economy, a new perspective has arisen from new firms’ strategy nowadays to internationalise their activity. One aspect is that knowledge that is not completely appropriable by foreign affiliates abroad may spill over into domestic firms. In the absence of conclusive evidence, two questions can be put forward: the first concerns the role played by technology in the generation of those external effects; the second, the micro-assessment of the dynamics of technological spillovers. In this paper, results show that benefits for domestic firms in Spain differ across industries by their technological content. The hypothesis of spillover dynamics is tested and supported by the availability of panel data for manufacturing firms in the 1990s. 相似文献
14.
Albert Guangzhou Hu 《Research Policy》2010,39(7):985-993
Foreign applications for Chinese patents have been growing by over 30% a year. This paper explores two hypotheses in explaining the foreign patenting surge in China: market covering and competitive threat. With foreign companies more deeply engaged with the Chinese economy, returns from protecting their intellectual property in China have increased. As domestic Chinese firms’ ability to imitate foreign technology gains strength and competition between foreign firms intensifies in the Chinese market, such competitive threat creates an urgency for protecting intellectual property. Using a database that comprises China's State Intellectual Property Office patents and the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office patents, I find strong support for the competitive threat hypothesis. The estimates imply that competition between foreign firms in China can account for 36% of the annual growth of foreign patenting in China. 相似文献
15.
基于技术转移的企业能力演化过程研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
如何借助技术转移获得技术能力 ,是发展中国家的企业在国际技术转移过程中所面临的主要课题。本文运用企业资源基础理论和演化理论相结合的分析框架 ,从企业资源与能力分析入手 ,通过刻划技术转移过程的学习性质 ,建立起基于技术转移的企业能力演化过程模式 ,以期加深对发展中国家企业从技术引进到能力培育和成长过程的理解 ,进而为我国企业自主能力的形成提供借鉴。 相似文献
16.
谢伟 《科学学与科学技术管理》2008,29(10)
管理学习是指发展中国家的企业向发达国家的企业学习管理知识、规范、方法和程序的过程.与技术学习相比,管理学习更多地源自于企业外部.到目前为止,关于中国企业管理学习的研究是较为缺乏的.研究表明,影响管理学习的因素主要包括:意图、学习能力、外方的意图和能力、领导力和学习机制. 相似文献
17.
《Research Policy》2019,48(7):1694-1713
Building on Lee and Malerba’s (2017) framework, we explore how leading firms in Brazil’s forestry and pulp industry responded to windows of opportunity, in learning terms, shaping an early entry into path-creation technological catch-up, shifting that industry into a globally leading position. Drawing on an in-depth inductive study based on 50 years of evidence, a 10-year fieldwork in large firms, and on a novel approach to micro-level external and internal absorptive capacity (AC), as empirically observable external and internal learning mechanisms (LMs) underlying firms’ innovative capability accumulation (technological catch-up), we find that: (1) firms responded to changing windows of opportunity by developing dual AC through the intensity and the manner of use of multiple LMs across the emergence, gradual catch-up, and forging-ahead phases of the path-creation process; (2) however, there were variations within and across firms in the effectiveness with which they developed their dual AC over these phases, leading to a non-homogenous technological catch-up: while some firms reached a world-leading capability level, others became fast-followers. We contribute to deepening and refining the understanding of technological catch-up through robust empirical insights on how the dynamic interplay between windows of opportunity and variation in the micro-level dual AC development’s effectiveness helps to explain the nature and extent of firms’ technological catch-up. We also provide a basis to further the analysis of technological catch-up and its learning processes, particularly in natural resources-rich industries in resource-rich developing countries. 相似文献
18.
Linking induced technological change, and environmental regulation: Evidence from patenting in the U.S. auto industry 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This article uses a carefully screened patent database in automobile emission control technologies and a detailed regulatory action analysis to examine firms’ innovation in response to U.S. technology-forcing auto emissions standards enacted between 1970 and 1998. The study finds that under the performance-based technology-forcing (PBTF) auto emissions regulations, both automakers and component suppliers innovated and introduced more advanced emission control technologies for automobile applications. The study also shows that stringent PBTF regulation temporarily induced domestic U.S. firms to become more innovative than foreign firms that operated in the local U.S. market during the early phase of the regulatory regime. Findings of this research strongly imply that government intervention in the form of technology-forcing regulation can drive firms to invest in technological innovation. 相似文献
19.
Knowledge spillovers through human mobility across national borders: Evidence from Zhongguancun Science Park in China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper investigates the impact of returnee entrepreneurs and their knowledge spillovers on innovation in high-tech firms in China. Using panel data for 1318 high-tech firms in Beijing Zhongguancun Science Park (ZSP) we find that returnee entrepreneurs create a significant spillover effect that promotes innovation in other local high-tech firms. The extent of this spillover effect is positively moderated by the non-returnee firm's absorptive capacity approximated by the skill level of employees. Multinational enterprises’ R&D activities positively affect the innovation intensity of non-returnee firms only when these local firms possess the sufficient level of absorptive capacity. Our findings have important implications for policy-makers and practitioners. 相似文献
20.
This paper develops a history-friendly model of the process of catch-up by Chinese firms in the mobile communications industry. It aims to explain how the sectoral environment in terms of segmented markets and generational technological change facilitated the catch-up of domestic firms with respect to foreign multinationals. Segmented markets provided a nurturing environment in peripheral markets for the survival of domestic firms starting with low level capabilities in their infant stage. Generational technological change opened windows of opportunities for domestic firms to catch-up with foreign multinationals in new product segments. Segmented markets and generational technological change allowed domestic firms to leverage their initial advantages in peripheral markets to catch-up in core markets. Counterfactual simulations highlight that the process of catch-up was facilitated by relatedness across technological generations. This paper contributes to the literature on catch-up and industry evolution by illustrating the role of technological change and market regimes in the process of catching-up. 相似文献