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芍药科化学和系统学的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从栽培的牡丹Paeonia suffruticosa根中分离到7个化合物，它们是芍药甙I，苯甲酰芍
药甙Ⅱ，羟基芍药甙Ⅲ，丹皮酚Ⅳ,丹皮酚甙Ⅴ，丹皮酚原甙Ⅵ和丹皮酚新甙Ⅶ。 用薄层
扫描仪测定了23种芍药科植物(包括19个种和6个变种)根中这7个成分的含量。结果表明
芍药甙在芍药科植物中是普遍存在的，可作为本科的特征性成分; 丹皮酚类成分只存在于木
本类型的牡丹组，在草本类型的芍药组中缺乏。
从化学上比较芍药科和可能相关的15个科，结果表明，芍药科与毛茛目内各科及木兰目
均不相似，而与五桠果科、茶科、蔷薇科相近; 因此建议把它提升为芍药目。这些结果与近来的解剖学、孢粉学、胚胎学的研究结果是一致的。 相似文献
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《中国科技信息》2014,(12)
<正>竹子科研,有他科学家的智慧和韧劲;竹子产业,有他企业家的冒险和精明;竹材管理,更体现大学校长的务实和才干。因恋竹而辞官,再入仕途,也缘于竹-中国竹子面积居世界第二,产量第一。宝贵的资源大都窝在山里。院士张齐生瞄准的就是这个课题,就是把竹子变成汽车的箱板,变成大厦的模板,在全国各大桥和重点的工程上使用。他的初衷是把竹子变成钱,让竹子从山里走进城。竹林扶疏物我两忘张齐生带我去南京林业大学里的那一大片竹林。好家伙,枝叶繁茂,层林叠翠,风一吹,林影摇动,沙沙作响。这个意境谈情说爱真好。我说。张教授笑了,是有那么点意思。可我跟竹子打交道几十年,怎么就没看出来呢? 相似文献
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张定成 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1989,27(6):451-453
本文报道了安徽黄山和九华山产草芍药Paeonia obovata Maxim．的校型，两个居群植物的核型
均为k(2n)=2x=10=6m+2sm+2st, 未见随体。它们的最长和最短染色体的比值均为1．47；臂
比大于2的染色体的百分比均为0.2，属Stebbins的2A核型。这说明草芍药种内不同居群植物的染 色体数目和核型都是极其稳定的，而且和芍药属Paeonia内已报道的其它种的染色体数目一致。 相似文献
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秋天的时候，来到山里看风景。满眼尽是黄色的银杏叶、红色的火烧云、蓝色的天空和透明的空气，如果运气好还能发现熟透的柿子。把这样的美景留在纸上然后装裱起来放在床头应该是个不错的主意。 相似文献
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<正>笔者:您原来是在高校搞教学的,后来怎么想到去研究茶叶呢?罗以迪:我今年76岁了,退休前在上海一所高校任教。1960年,在上海华东师范大学毕业后,先后内蒙古、北京等地工作。我的家乡在浙江余姚燕窝山,从小生长在山里。50岁那年,有一天,我看书时,发觉要把书放远点,才看得清,母亲说:"茶叶养肝明目,你喝我给你的茶试试。"我泡了杯浓茶,喝下后,感觉好多了。这样,喝了大约两个月以后,胃有粗糙感,不舒服!心想:可能是传统绿茶制作上有问题吧。 相似文献
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自我们近年发表一系列牡丹组分类文章以来, 国内外基本上赞同我们8个种的分类系统,但对一些问题仍有不同见解。本文进一步申述牡丹Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews 是一个独立的种而不是人工杂种, 以及银屏牡丹P. suffruticosa ssp. yinpingmudan是牡丹P. suffruticosa的野生类型而不是逸生的P. ostii的理由。上述论点也得到了分子树的支持。P. jishanensis T. Hong & W. Z. Zhao是一个合法名称, 而P. spontanea (Rehder) T. Hong & W. Z. Zhao则确实是一个多余名。太白山紫斑牡丹的学名应是P. rockii ssp. atava (Brühl) D. Y. Hong & K. Y. Pan, 因此P. moutan Sims ssp. atava Brühl不应是可疑的分类群。本文还对Halda的6个组合和两个杂交种名作了处理。结果, 本文包括了5个新异名和一个新组合。 相似文献
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对芍药属牡丹组Paeonia L.sect.Moutan DC.（全部野生种）40个居群进行了基于形态学证据的系统学分析，试图建立组内种间的系统发育关系。利用PAUP （4.0）计算机程序分别构建了建立在25个形态学性状基础上的所有研究类群的距离树（UPGMA、NJ）和最大简约树（MP）。所得树的拓扑结构基本一致，差异只发生在距离树和简约树之间，在由形态和细胞学关系都很近的5个种（牡丹P.suffruticosa、矮牡丹P.jishanensis、卵叶牡丹P.qiui、紫斑牡丹P.rockii和凤丹P.o 相似文献
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王亦军 《大科技．科学之谜》2010,(9):1-1
<正>如果有人问:日月星辰运动的这个空间是从哪里来的?恐怕许多人会认为,提这个蠢问题是吃饱了没事干:这个空间不是一直有嘛!难道它会有个母亲,把它生出来的? 相似文献
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《大科技．科学之谜》2015,(1)
<正>多少个世纪以来,关于球形闪电的奇闻异事层出不穷。据调查,在150个人当中,至少就有1人自称亲眼见过球形闪电。绝大多数见过的人都把它描述成一个球形的发光体,大小从网球到气球不等;一般在雷暴天气出现;会滚动、弹跳、漂浮;运动时发出嘶嘶的声音;能把窗玻璃熔化,把所过之处的一切化为灰烬;存在时间极短,消失得很快;消失时,在有些情况 相似文献
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芍药属的研究(1)——国产几个野生种核型的报道 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In the present paper 8 species with 15 populations of the genus Paeonia L. (if P.
papaveracea and P. japonica are recognised as species) were collected from Sichuan, Shaanxi
and Hebei provinces (see the Appendix for detail of the materials). The micrographs of their
somatic metaphase (also Mii in the case of P.veitchii) are shown in Plates 1-4, the karyo-
type formulae, ranges of chromosome length and classification of karyotypes according to Steb-
bins (1971) are shown in Table 5: the idiograms in Figs. 1-2, and the parameters of chromo-
somes in Table 1-4. The essential points are mentioned as follows:
(1) Chromosomes of the various species in the section Modan have so far been examined
and they are all diploid, the two species in the section Onaepia are also diploid, and thus
tetraploids exist only in the section Paeonia.
(2) Chromosomes in the genus Paeonia are relatively stable except for the differentiation
of ploidy. The karyotypes (Table 1-4) show no differences among different taxa in Sect.
Modan and the same can also be said about the taxa in Sect. Paeonia (Table 1). Not only
are the karyotypes very similar, but also among the members within either section have the
same parameters of chromosomes, and, differences, if occur, are not statistically significant.
Between the two sections, however, the situation is different. The arm ratios of the first pairs of
chromosomes in Sect. Modan are 1.53, 1.52 and 1.48 (Table 1), but those in Sect. Paeonia
are 1.12-1.28 (Table 2-4), 95% confidence limits are 1.46-1.60 for the section Modan and
1.07-1.28 (1.21-1.35 only for PB85078) for the section Paeonia, not overlapping, which indi-
cates that the two sections have differentiated in respect of the first pairs of chromosomes.
(3)The population PB85024, which belongs to the P. obovata complex, has a karyotype of
2B (stebbins, 1971), which is a new one in the genus Paeonia. This karyotype is a stable one,
for several individuals in the population are uniform in this respect, which shows that Steb-
bins’ (1971) generalization that all the species in Paeonia have 2A does not hold true.
(4) Three populations of P. obovata complex studied in this work from Sichuan and
Shaanxi are all tetraploids, and one from Hebei is a diploid. From the present work and
the previcus reports, the materials from Japan and Korea, no matter whether flowers are pink
or white, are diploids, those from Heilongjiang Province (with both pink and white flowers)
(Liu Ming-yuan, personal communication) and from Heibei Province (with pink flowers)
in China are also diploids, the one from Sakhalin (pink flowers) is tetraploid, those from
Priamur of the Soviet Union are a tetraploid (with white flowers) and a diploid (with pink
flowers), and those from Shaanxi (the Qinling Range) and western Sichuan (with both pink
and white flowers) are all tetraploids. As far as we have now known, ploidy in this parti-
cular complex is correlated with the geographical distribution: diploids are found in the cen-
tral part, tetraploids occur in the northern limits, and in the south letraploids are the only
cytotype.
(5) The materials of P. mairei from western Sichuan and Shaanxi (the Qinling Range)
are found all to be tetraploids, which shows that two cytotypes, diploid and tetraploid, exist in
this species, but the geographical distribution pattern of these two cytotypes is to be revealed
in the future investigation. 相似文献