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以环境污染指数作为非期望产出,基于SBM方向性距离函数,测度我国30个省份2000年至2018年工业Malmquist-Luenberger指数,并将工业全要素生产率变化指数进行分解,进一步分析出工业技术进步的投入要素偏向性与产出偏向性,从中探索其变动与区域分布特点.结果表明,我国工业TFP持续增长,但增长幅度逐渐下降;TFP增长主要依靠工业技术进步,工业产业效率有待改善;东部地区技术进步偏向于使用资本要素,中西部地区偏向于使用劳动要素;TC变动与MATC变动一致,规模技术进步为拉动技术进步的主要动力,其次是投入偏向型技术进步,最后是产出偏向型技术进步;东部和中部地区技术进步偏向于促进期望产出,西部地区技术进步加重了环境污染.最终结合实证分析给出相关对策. 相似文献
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高校和科研机构的RD资本对区域内企业的技术溢出是促进企业转型升级的关键。本文利用中国30个地区1999-2010年的面板数据,将高校和科研机构的RD资本分为基础研究和应用研究,运用扩展的全要素生产率模型实证分析高校和科研机构不同类型的RD资本对工业企业全要素生产率的影响机理与效果。研究发现:从全国看,高校和科研机构的基础研究和应用研究均对工业企业全要素生产率产生显著的促进作用;分区域看,沿海地区基础研究的促进作用大于应用研究,而内陆地区应用研究的促进作用大于基础研究。 相似文献
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对于FDI引致的国际RD知识溢出的研究,通常主要基于OLS方法构建的线性模型,忽视了知识溢出的空间时滞性和空间局限性。利用中国29个省(直辖市、自治区)2000—2010年的面板数据,以C-H模型为基础构建了国际RD知识溢出对我国全要素生产率的影响模型。考虑到不可测度的隐性知识资本所具有的空间属性,将其作为遗漏变量,扩展为空间杜宾模型。将知识溢出效应按照空间邻接矩阵的阶数进行分解,用于分析知识溢出的空间滞后性。分析结果表明国际RD知识溢出对我国的全要素生产率具有显著正效应,但由于空间局限性的作用,知识累积的溢出效果对区域创新的作用呈现先增大后减少的空间衰减趋势。 相似文献
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本文利用2002-2012年中国分省面板数据,借助于随机前沿模型和空间面板计量模型对各省域研发全要素生产率的空间溢出效应及其地理距离特征进行了分析。研究发现:中国研发全要素生产率呈现显著的空间溢出效应,且溢出效应随着时间推移不断加强,而随着地理阈值增加不断衰弱;东部地区研发全要素生产率的空间溢出效应最大,中部地区次之,西部地区最低;从全国范围来看,无论是智力资本投入还是物质资本投入均能显著提升研发全要素生产率;从分区域来看,物质资本对东部地区研发全要素生产率的驱动空间接近消失,而中、西部地区存在智力资本存量不足和层次偏低的问题。 相似文献
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基于1995~2008年中国各省区技术创新产出的面板数据,运用技术创新集中度从大区和省区两个层面综合考察技术创新区域变化趋势,从空间计量经济学角度,采用Moran’s I指数验证了中国区域技术创新的空间特性。在此基础上借鉴Griliches-Jaffe的知识生产函数(KPF),利用Panel Data结合空间滞后模型实证分析中国技术创新区域空间格局变化的成因。计量结果显示,大中型工业企业RD支出以及创业投资与企业研发结合对区域技术创新贡献显著,是影响我国区域技术创新空间格局变化的主要因素。空间滞后模型参数结果表明本地区的技术创新会受到相邻地区技术创新正方向的影响。文章最后提出了相应的政策启示。 相似文献
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《软科学》2019,(11):47-52
基于全要素生产率理论与虚拟前沿面思想,构造虚拟前沿面的非期望产出SBM模型对中国工业大气环境效率进行科学测度,并通过SPVAR模型探讨中国工业大气环境效率、工业要素流动与工业经济产出的时空动态关系。结果显示:第一,中国工业大气环境效率发展态势良好,但效率值总体偏低;工业大气环境效率区域差异明显,东优西劣格局明显;第二,在工业劳动力总量下降约束下,工业大气环境质量提升能够增强区域竞争优势,吸引劳动力流入和固定资产投资,环境优势可带来经济发展竞争优势。在上述研究基础上,各省市应当立足区域大气环境质量现状,采取差异化大气环境保护策略,加强高素质人才和绿色资本引入,推动工业绿色发展。 相似文献
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依据1995～2007年中国东、中、西部三大区域的相关数据,采用面板数据模型进行计量经济分析表明:不同类型的RD投入对全要素生产率(TFP)的增长均有正向促进作用,但RD活动的溢出效果不同。区域之外的RD累积投入(技术引进费用)带来的TFP增长效应最大;企业RD累积投入对TFP增长作用的效果居其次;高等院校与科研院所RD累积投入TFP增长效应最小。区域自主创新对东部地区TFP的作用大于中、西部;技术引进对西部地区TFP的作用大于中部,对中部地区的作用大于东部。同时不同类型的RD活动彼此影响的程度和方向不同,这给科技政策的制定提供了参考的依据。 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献