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1.
马义伦 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1987,25(2):93-105
本文报道了国产岩蕨科19个种l变种的比较形态解剖研究结果，其中10个种为我国 特有。 通过对根、根状茎、叶轴和叶柄关节的解剖，对叶、毛状体和孢子囊群的比较形态观察，及对20种孢子扫描电镜观察，扼要讨论了它们与系统发育和分类的关系。 相似文献
2.
张明理 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1997,35(2):136-147
锦鸡儿属Caragana是一个典型的温带亚洲分布属。本属在青藏高原和喜马拉雅约有24种1变种，约占整个属的1／3。这些种类几乎全部处于演化高级阶段，且既有叶轴宿存类群，也有假掌状叶类群。反映出种的分化很活跃，在横断山地区形成本属的分布中心、分化中心。本区内绝大多数种类是特有分布。替代现象主要受气候、植被变化作用，沿横断山和喜马拉雅分布的长齿系Ser. Bracteolatae Kom．是一个典型的替代分布类群。锦鸡儿属植物生态适应性很强，可在其生长的灌丛中形成优势种。 寒化和旱化现象十分突出，它们有一系列森林种、草原种和荒漠种及相关的形态变异。用锦鸡儿属植物进行青藏高原和喜马拉雅区域内的分布区关系分析及最小生成树MST和特有性简约性分析(PAE)，表明横断山地区特别是其北部是本属植物的一个地理结点。以此沿横断山向北部唐古特和西部藏东南适应性辐射。横断山和西喜马拉雅联系微弱，看不出植物长距离扩散的踪迹，大多是由于生态因子限制而产生的隔离。虽然本区不可能是锦鸡儿属的起源地，然而，通过本区与邻近地区的地理联系，可推测它们在我国适应性辐射方向是从东北向西南。结合豆科蝶形花亚科其它属化石记录及其分布区局限在温带亚洲等现象，认为锦鸡儿植物是一组特化、晚近衍生的类群，起源于北方东西伯利亚晚第三纪中新世后期至上新世。 相似文献
3.
本文以云南西北部怒江峡谷的豹子花属及其近缘的百合属、大百合属和贝母属的12个分类群为
材料，分析比较了这几个属的核形态特征。 12个分类群的体细胞静止期染色体形态相似，均属于复杂染色中心微粒型；有丝分裂前期染色体形态也相似，都属于中间型；染色体数目均为2n=24；染色体着丝点端化值在79.9-82.2％之间；核型不对称程度一致；故这4个属的关系密切。对本地区的12个分类群来说，核型变异主要在于次缢痕位置的差别。豹子花属和百合属在它们的一对m或sm染色体近着丝点处具有次缢痕，并且豹子花属和高海拔处的百合属植物(如L．souliei)在其st或t染色体的短臂上缺乏次缢痕，表明豹子花属同百合属特别是同高海拔处的百合属植物关系密切。 相似文献
4.
本文报道了黑龙江依兰煤矿早第三系始新统达连河组的上、下两个层位所产的植物化石的区系组成及植物群特征：一个系产于煤层下部的砂页岩中的植物群A，另一个是产于煤层上部油页岩中的植物群B。植物组合共计35科49属52种，其中有蕨类植物2种，裸子植物10种，被子植物40种，其中包括1个新种。对其进行区系成分和叶相分析表明，A段植物群的古植被为北亚热带常绿阔叶和落叶阔叶混生林；B段植物群的古植被为暖温带落叶阔叶林。通过与邻近地区的国内外相应植物群比较及植物群的属种地史分布分析，确定A段植物群的时代为早始新世，B段植物群的时代很可能为晚始新世。两个层位间植物群区系成分的变化，表明始新世我国东北地区发生了较明显的气温下降过程，即古气候发生了由亚热带向暖温带的变化。 相似文献
5.
中国唐松草属植物的化学系统学初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文根据唐松草植物所含化学成分并结合其外部形态及地理分布对属内各群的亲缘关系进行了
探讨。结果表明：(1)从化学系统学角度看，中国植物志中所安排的属内各组植物间的关系是适宜的。(2)植物中所含生物碱的种类及含量与植物的进化有一定关系。在较原始的组中，成分的类型和含量相对较少；而在较进化的组中，各种结构类型得到较大发展。(3)唐松草属在毛茛科中有较特殊的地位。在科内，它是联系蓇葖果和瘦果植物群的过渡类群；在科外，它使毛茛科与小檗科、防己科和罂粟科发生联系，使其成为一个自然的分类群。 相似文献
6.
老鸦瓣群(Amana群)是百合科中的一个东亚特有类群,仅分布在中国中东部、日本和朝鲜半岛。该类群在形态上与广义郁金香属Tulipa L.相似,但也具有与子房近等长的花柱以及2-3(-4)个苞片等与郁金香属不同的形态特征。有关该类群是否应置于郁金香属中或是否应独立为属的问题长期以来存在争议。为了澄清该问题,我们对产于中国的Amana群进行了广泛的标本室和野外形态观察,并采用分支系统学方法,对该类群3个种以及郁金香属的其他15种植物(包括土耳其的3个种)的28个形态性状数据进行了分支分析。结果表明广义郁金香属并非是一个单系类群。Amana群与广义郁金香属的其他4个组sect. Orithyia、sect. Eriostemones、sect. Leiostemones、sect. Tulipanum以及Lloydia属的两个种共同构成一个大支的3个分支。我们对广义郁金香属5个组共19种植物的ITS以及trnL-F分子序列综合分析的结果也表明：sect. Tulipanum、sect. Leiostemones、sect. Eriostemones和sect. Orithyia构成一大支,Amana群和猪牙花属的Erythronium sibiricum构成另一大支。因此,我们认为Amana群应从广义郁金香属中独立出来,恢复其老鸦瓣属Amana Honda作为属的分类地位。 相似文献
7.
本文采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对茶藨子属Ribes L. 植物19种、2变种的花粉形态进行了观
察。根据本属植物的花粉，在内萌发孔周围有一外萌发孔，有别于广义的虎耳草科Saxifragaceae(s．
lato各类群的特点，结合本属其它形态特征，作者支持将茶藨子属独立为科的意见。从观察材料看，可
将其归之为4个花粉类型：即醋栗型(Grossularia-type)、茶藨子型(Ribes-type)、拟醋栗型(Grossu-
larioidestype)和单性花茶藨子型(Berisia-type)，这正好与分类学家根据形态划分的4个亚属相吻合，
而且它们之间存在着密切的联系，是一个不可分割的自然群。据此，作者认为过去划分的亚属是合理的，醋栗类群不独立成属，似更自然。 相似文献
8.
本文报道秃杉(Taiwania flousiana Gaussen)的雌雄配子体和胚胎发育的研究结果及其与
杉科各属的比较。秃杉的大孢子经10次游离核同时分裂，产生1019—1021个游离核。 6月
初游离核开始向心地形成细胞壁。雄配子体具两个大小、形状相同的精子。受精作用在湖北
发生于6月底至7月初(1960)。受精卵经3次游离核分裂，形成8核原胚，排列成两群，紧接
着形成壁。上下2群细胞的数目分配为5：3或4:4,少数为6:2。
从胚胎学的资料来看，秃杉与台湾杉一样，它们最接近杉木属和水松属，与柳杉属、落羽松
属和水杉属也有类似之处。它们的共同特征是：精子形状、大小相同，复合颈卵器顶生，原胚
具8个游离核，兼具裂生多胚。而红杉属、巨杉属、密叶杉属和金松属的胚胎发育各有特点，应分别属于杉科不同的类群。 相似文献
9.
测定了红豆杉科、三尖杉科、罗汉松科及松科共9属13种植物的matK基因序列,发现3′端的单碱基插入造成mat k基因在这些类群间有较大的长度变异(1488∽1548bp),其它插入或缺失的长度为3、6或9bp(白豆杉中有一个长为27bp的缺失),且绝大多数插入或缺失事件具有系统发育信息。matK基因中,密码子第1、2及3位的变异率较为相近,平均同义替代率约为平均非同义替代率的2倍。以松科2属3种植物为外类群,运用PAUP软件进行的系统发育分析仅得到一棵最简约树(步长为895,CI=0．850,RI=0．876),该简约树的各分支均得到bootstrap分析的极强支持。结果表明：红豆杉科与三尖杉科均为单系群,二者互为姐妹群;白豆杉属与穗花杉属为红豆杉科中两个很自然的属,白豆杉属为红豆杉属的姐妹群,穗花杉属为榧树属的姐妹群。竹柏属与罗汉松属聚为一支,二者间的亲缘关系得到boot-strap分析的100％支持,从分支分类学及遗传距离角度,作者不赞同将竹柏属提升为科。 相似文献
10.
胡文光 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1990,28(5):379-383
火红杜鹃亚组是杜鹃花属中常绿杜鹃亚属的一个较大的亚组，含27种、8亚种和24变种。本
文根据形态特征、种的亲缘关系和地理分布，将所有的种分为4个植物群，并讨论了它们的演化。其中最后的一群即植物群D在形态演化上有较为进化的特征。本亚组植物的现代分布中心在中国西南部的横断山区。 相似文献
11.
12.
秦仁昌 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1964,9(1):31-36
The fern genus Diplaziopsis C. Chr. of Index Filicum has long been considered as
a monotypic one, with the sole species, D. javanica (B1.) C. Chr. from tropical Asia. In
1906, H. Christ described a second species, Allantodia cavaleriana Christ (=D. cavale-
riana C. Chr.) from Kweichow, West China, but this was since not fully recognized by
fern students in general, being often considered as a variety of the first species. This
is certainly a mistake, as is shown by ample herbarium specimens today. In the recent
work on the genus, the writer has found among the herbarium material two additional
new species from China, thus bringing the genus up to four species in Asia, mainly from
China, where, as it is, the genus has its center of development from the long past.
Phylogenetically, Diplaziopsis C. Chr. represents one of the offshoots from the great
stock of diplazioid ferns, of which the genus Diplazium Sw. constitutes the main body
of the group and from which our genus differs chiefly in its leaves of a thin texture with
reticulated venation, but not so much in its type of indusium as it has generally been
emphasized by most botanists in the past, for, as it is, the type of indusium in Di-
plaziopsis also prevails in many species of Diplazium, for which C. B. Clarke (Trans.
Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. I:495, 1880) created, but really superfluously, a subgenus Pseudal-
lantodia, about which the writer will dwell in another paper in the near future. Suffice
it to say here that the indusium in Diplaziopsis as revealed by the species treated here
is, indeed, typical of diplazioid ferns, only often, as it happens, with its adaxial edge
pressed so tight under the expanding sorus that it is unable to open freely along its upper
free edge and, as a result, its thin vaulted back bursts open from the pressure of the ex-
panding sorus underneath.
As a result of the present study, following four species of the genus have been re-
cognized.
Diplaziopsis javanica (B1.) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. (1905) 227.
Wide spread in tropical Asia, northwardly to Bakbo and the southern part of Yun-
nan, China.
D. cavaleriana (Christ) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. Suppl. I (1913) 25.
Ranges from West China through northern part of Fukien of East China to Japan.
D. intermedia Ching, sp. nov.
Endemic in West China: Mt. Omei, Szechuan, and Kweichow.
D. hainanensis Ching, sp. nov.
In conclusion, it may be pointed out that with the modern plant taxonomy pursued
in a more efficient manner than in the past, and especially by the introduction of the
cytotaxonomic methods, the so-called “monotypic genera”, as conceived by the orthodox
systematists, will continue to prove, to a great extent, to be lack of enough scientific
ground. The fact that the “monotypic genus” of Diplaziopsis C. Chr. is now found to
be a genus of four well-defined species is once again an instance to illustrate the pointat issue. 相似文献
13.
王铸豪 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1965,10(2):121-130
The object of this paper is to deal with the taxonomical problems of the family
Aspidiaceae from the mainland of Asia. In recent years I have had the opportunity to
study copious materials of the family from this region, and recognized the following nine
genera, namely, Lastreopsis Ching, Ctenitis C. Chr., Ctenitopsis Ching, Pleocnemia Presl,
Arcypteris Underw., Tectaria Cavanilles, Quercifilix Cop., Hemigramma Christ and
Pteridrys C. Chr. et Ching.
The members of this family are middle-sized, terrestrial ferns; rhizome erect or sub-
erect, dictyostelic, scaly; leaves tufted, generally uniform, simple pinnate to tripinnatifid;
veins free or anastomosing, forming areoles with or without free included veinlets; rachis
and costa raised on the upper surface, and, as a rule, covered with pale brown multi-
cellular articulate hairs (ctenitis-hairs); sori round or in a few cases acrostichoid; indusia
reniform, or in some genera absent; spores bilateral with perispore.
Dryopteridaceae and Lomariopsidaceae are closely related to Aspidiaceae, and both
were placed in the latter family by the fern students in the past. The main differences
of Dryopteridaceae from Aspidiaceae are: leaves pale green when dried; costa and costule
grooved and free from articulate hairs (ctenitis-hairs) on the upper side; veins free or
very rarely anastomosing (venatio cyrtomii). In general appearance the genus Ctenitis
of Aspidiaceae is very similar to the bipinnate species of Dryopteridaceae, such as
Dryopteris filix-mas (Linn.) Schott, but its costa and costule are raised and covered by
ctenitis-hairs on the upper side, and the leaves turning dull brown when dried, so that
it has no difficulty in distinguishing the genus from the true Dryopteris. The recognition
of the free-veined Ctenitis and its allies as the primitive tectarioid ferns is very important
in delimiting both Aspidiaceae and Dryopteridaceae, which were all mixed up in the past.
Moreover, from the standpoint of plant geography, these two families are also distinct,
for the Dryopteridaceae are mainly ferns of the temperate regions and the mountains in
subtropics in the Northern Hemisphere, but the Aspidiaceae are pantropical by origin.
The chief differences of Lomariopsidaceae from the Aspidiaceae are: rhizome creeping or
high-climbing; leaves strongly dimorphous, free from the ctenitis-hairs; sori acrostichoid.
That Holttum has made Aspidiaceae a subfamily Tectarioideae of the family
Dennstaedtiaceae proves to be very unnatural, because there is hardly any affinity be-
tween the two families; while Aspidiaceae of Copeland is a terrible mixture of Thely-
pteridaceae, Athyriaceae, Dryopteridaceae and Aspidiaceae (sen. strict.) and a few other
families, for even he himself admitted that no one can use the definition to identify any
unknown members of his family.
Finally, I feel grateful to my teacher, Professor R. C. Ching, for his constant encou-
ragement and warm guidance received both in the course of my study and in the prepara-tion of the present paper. 相似文献
14.
朱格麟 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1982,20(3):323-328
Tile distinguishing characters between Lithospermum and Arnebia are tabulated
and these two genera are considered different between each other. Five species of the
former and six species of the latter are recognized in China, and two keys to species are
given for the two genera respectively. The pattern of the disjunct distribution ofLithospermum offici nale is discussed, and a map of its distribution range is given. 相似文献
15.
中国裸子植物分布区的研究(1)——松科植物的地理分布 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应俊生 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1989,27(1):27-38
松科是裸子植物中最大的科，共有10属，约240种。我国有9属，约119种，其中2属
为我国特有属，67种为特有种。 本文概述了我国松科各属的水平分布和垂直分布规律；对各
属分布区进行了对比分析。除油杉属和松属外，其余各属的分布，既不深入到极为干旱的地
区，也不深入到热带山区。本文提出川西滇北地区是松科大部分属的发展中心，同时讨论了某
些属的分布区的退却变化。本文还认为，在目前该科化石资料不十分充足的条件下，要确定松 科及其各属的起源中心，可能性是不大的。 相似文献
16.
本文报道了睡莲科6个种比较解剖学的研究结果。莼菜的叶柄具一对维管束，其它5个种为
有限的、星散排列维管束，它们与单子叶植物相似；叶柄基本组织中除萍蓬草无气道外，其它种均有。叶为两面叶页，毛茛型气孔局限分布于叶腹面，但莲叶背面亦发育有少量气孔。莲的气孔在发育时属单唇型，成熟时则呈毛茛型。排水器、厚壁异细胞只见于莲。腺毛及吸水器除莲外，供研究的其它种在叶背面均存在。除莼菜及莲外，其它种都有星状石细胞。
根据本文的观察结果，我们认为莼菜属是睡莲科中较简化的属，它和Cabomba属有密切的亲缘关系，它们可独立成莼菜科(Cabombaceae)，包括于睡莲目内。睡莲属、 萍蓬草属、芡属和王莲属(Victoria)彼此亲缘关系密切，可留于睡莲科。莲属具独特的形态，与睡莲科的其它属亲缘关系不甚密切，因此，不但可分立为莲科，而且可独立成莲目。 相似文献
17.
王中仁 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1985,23(5):344-351
Two new species and one nataral hydrid close to Dryopteris chrysocoma
(Christ) C. Chr. are found by means of cytological study, which shows that D. chrysoco-
ma circumscribed in the past is not a single diploid in its range, but consists of seve-
ral cytotypes.
D. para-chrysocoma is a sexual diploid with narrowly lanceolate laminae that are
almost glandless. The scales on the rachis and pinna rachis are pale brown, longer in
length (4-7 mm) and denser. Indusium lacks glands too. The ultimate segments are
narrower and separated by arrow spaces. These characters distinguish it from D. chry-
socoma.
D. zinongii is a sexual tetraploid. It is recognised by its ovate laminae, sparse,
small and dark brown scales on the rachis and pinna rachis (1-2mm in length),
broad segments closely adjacent one another and membranous indusia.
D. × daliensis is shown to be an apomictic triploid which has rather irregular meio-
sis. There are some free chromosomes at the first metaphase, some lagging chromoso-
mes and bridges at the first anaphase and some micronuclei in young spores. Some un-
paired univalents can even be seen at diplotene. Approximately 14 univalents, 14 bi-
valents and 27 trivalents were observed at late diakinesis. Although a large number of
SMCs were counted, a definite chromosome number has so far proved impossible to be
obtained. This is possibly caused by variable pairing of the three genomes and diffe-
rent trivalent numbers formed in each SMC. As a result, generally less than 64 abor-
tive spores are formed in each sporangium, but the sporangium with 32 spores could
also be found rarely. All these show that this hybrid may be derived from the cross be-
tween a diploid and a tetraploid which have homoeologous genomes.
D. × daliensis is morphologically intermediate between D. zinongii and D. para-
Chrysocoma. in respect to characters such as ovate-lanceolate laminae, brown rachis sca-
les with a dark central stripe, 2-3 mm in length, and abortive spores in unequal size
and different shapes etc. In addition, they are often found growing together in Cang
Shan, Yunnan. It is therefore reasonable to consider that the latter two are probably
the parents of the former.
These new cytotypes show the presence of Dryopteris chry-socoma complex which
is generally characterized by shell-shaped indusia and glandular fronds. Accoding to
the morphology, D. woodsiisora Hayata, D. tenuissima Tagawa, D. alpicola Ching et Z.
R. Wang, D. fangii Ching, Fraser-Jenkins et Z. R. Wang and D. pseudochrysocoma
Ching etc. should be the members of this complex. In order to clarify the relation-
ships between all the members of D. chrysocoma complex, a great deal of further cy-
togenetic study, including artificial hybridization and analysis of meiosis in both wild
and synthesized hybrids, is required.
The author is grateful to Prof. R. C. Ching and Mr. C. R. Fraser-Jenkins of the
British Museum (Natural History) for their kind and helpful suggestion, and thank
Mr. Q. Xia and Mr. Y. L. Ma for their help in the field work. 相似文献
18.
李秉滔 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1987,25(2):132-139
This paper is an outcome of taxonomic studies of Chinese Sauropus and
Cleistanthus. The former consists of two sections and 14 species of which three species are new; the latter is of 6 species, of which 3 species are first recorded from China. These two genera are mainly distributed in southwestern and south China. 相似文献
19.
朗楷永 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1990,28(5):356-371
兰科在横断山地区是维管束植物中的大科之一，共有91属，363种及9变种。 4属为我国特有属，其中1属为本地区所特有；155种及9变种为我国特有种。 其中69种及5变种为本地区所 特有。本文对属、种进行了分析，并对全部种的分布格局作了详细的介绍，概述了本地区兰科植物的区系组成及特点。本文从兰科植物属、种的分布提出了四川峨眉山是东亚植物区中划分中国-喜马拉雅植物亚区和中国-日本植物亚区的分界线上的一个重要的点的看法。 相似文献