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网络结构特征是影响企业竞争优势的重要变量,本文以组织理论为基础,从利用式-探索式知识搜索视角出发,构建“产业集群网络结构特征、知识搜索与企业竞争优势”的关系研究模型。通过对178家软件企业问卷调查数据的实证检验,发现产业集群网络结构特征的网络稳定性和位置中心度正向影响知识搜索和企业竞争优势;利用式知识搜索对企业竞争优势有正向影响;利用式知识搜索在产业集群网络结构特征与企业竞争优势关系中起中介作用。企业在集群中应强化网络观和提高知识搜索能力,促进创新资源的流通和共享,实现集群中的知识转移、利用与再生,从而提升企业竞争优势。 相似文献
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企业在合作网络中的结构特征并不能反映企业在知识网络中的结构特征.基于创新网络的社会属性和知识属性的双重视角,以发明人合作网络为主变量,以知识网络为调节变量,研究创新网络对企业探索式创新的影响.利用USPTO授权的纳米技术领域专利数据的实证研究发现：发明人合作网络结构洞对企业探索式创新具有正向影响,合作网络中心性与企业探索式创新之间呈倒U形关系;知识网络结构洞强化了合作网络结构洞对企业探索式创新的正向影响,弱化了合作网络中心性与企业探索式创新之间的倒U形关系;知识网络中心性弱化了合作网络结构洞对企业探索式创新的正向影响,知识网络中心性对合作网络中心性与企业探索式创新没有显著的调节作用. 相似文献
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企业创新行为嵌入在知识网络与合作网络的多重网络结构中。基于复杂网络角度进行多重网络解耦研究,利用我国海洋工程装备产业322家企业在1985-2017年间在的专利数据,构建实证模型,探讨企业知识网络与合作网络的结构属性对其探索式创新的影响,并分析合作网络结构洞、中心性对企业知识网络结构属性与探索式创新关系的调节作用。研究表明,企业知识网络与和合作网络中心性都对探索式创新呈倒U型影响,企业知识网络结构洞与合作网络结构洞均对其探索式创新具有正向影响;合作网络结构洞强化了知识网络结构洞对探索式创新的正向影响,弱化了知识网络中心性与企业探索式创新间的倒U关系;而合作网络度中心性弱化了知识网络结构洞对探索式创新的正向影响,对知识网络中心性与企业探索式创新间倒U关系的调节作用不显著。 相似文献
4.
基于网络视角的企业间知识转移研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于网络视角,使用商业网络理论分析了商业网络的结构特征、企业的网络结构特征与知识转移的关系,得出了商业网络的密度越高,商业网络的稳定性越高,商业网络的联结强度越高,网络中企业间的知识转移越容易,以及企业的网络中心性越高,企业获取其他网络成员的知识转移越多的结论。此研究结论丰富了现有的知识转移和商业网络理论,对于指导企业有效管理网络,获取更多外部知识有重要参考价值。 相似文献
5.
技术联盟网络知识转移影响因素的案例研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文采用案例分析对技术联盟网络知识转移影响因素进行了研究,从网络特征因素具体分析了网络异质性、网络稳定性、网络联接强度、网络规模、网络中心性对技术联盟知识转移的影响.在此基础上,比较分析了股权式技术联盟和契约式技术联盟的差异.研究结果表明:技术联盟网络异质性不利于知识转移;网络稳定性、联接强度、网络规模有利于知识在网络间的转移;网络中心性对知识转移有好的影响也有不利影响,但总体来说,有利影响大于不利影响.相对于契约式联盟,股权式联盟网络异质性更低,稳定性、联接强度、中心性、平均企业规模更强,但网络企业总数往往低于契约式技术联盟网络. 相似文献
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联盟网络对企业竞争优势的影响:知识资源获取的中介效应与环境不确定性的调节效应 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以知识资源获取作为中介变量,环境不确定性作为调节变量,研究了联盟网络与企业竞争优势之间的关系。基于我国195家高新技术企业的问卷调查数据,对所提假设进行实证检验。研究结果表明,企业联盟网络的关系强度以及占据联盟网络中的中心性位置对企业竞争优势具有显著的正向影响,并且知识资源获取在其中起到中介作用。此外,环境竞争性正向调节联盟网络的关系强度与企业竞争优势之间的正向关系,环境动态性正向调节联盟网络中的中心性位置与企业竞争优势之间的正向关系。 相似文献
8.
知识网络与集群企业创新绩效——浙江黄岩模具产业集群的实证研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
集群中知识的流动具有选择性和不对称性特征,集群企业并不能均等地共享“产业空气”带来的溢出效应,进而形成了企业间创新绩效的差异。实证研究显示,集群知识网络开放度、网络中心度、关系质量和关系稳定性对集群企业创新绩效均存在正向影响;而知识网络规模与关系强度仅对集群的中小企业创新绩效存在正向影响,对大企业的创新绩效的影响则并不显著。 相似文献
9.
基于社会网络理论、知识基础理论与组织学习理论,利用德温特数据库中2000—2020年纳米能源技术领域的专利数据构建知识网络,通过联合申请专利信息确定组织间合作关系,采用负二项回归模型检验合作伙伴间技术距离对焦点企业知识获取的影响,以及焦点企业知识存量特征(知识多样性)和知识网络嵌入特征(知识网络中心性和知识网络结构洞)的调节作用。研究结果表明：合作伙伴间技术距离与焦点企业知识获取呈正U型关系,焦点企业知识多样性和知识网络中心性正向调节合作伙伴间技术距离与知识获取的关系,而知识网络结构洞的调节效应并不显著。说明焦点企业选择较小或较大技术距离的合作伙伴更有利于开展外部学习活动,同时要根据自身知识基础特征选择适宜的合作伙伴以促进知识获取。 相似文献
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网络结构、关系治理与家族企业网络组织学习——基于东西部地区的实证 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在将家族企业网络区分为人际关系网络、经济网络和混合网络的基础上,利用浙江和重庆等东西部省市266家样本家族企业的调查数据,实证检验了家族企业的网络结构、关系治理与网络组织学习之间的基本关系,结果发现:第一,总体上看,网络中心度、信任对家族企业组织间知识转移和创新均具有显著的正向影响,网络性质对家族企业组织间知识转移也具有显著的正向影响;第二,从网络性质来看,在家族企业人际关系网络中,网络中心度、信任对知识转移有显著的正向影响。在家族企业经济网络中,网络中心度、信任对知识转移有显著的正向影响,但网络关系持久度对知识转移却产生了显著的负向影响。无论是在家族企业人际关系网络还是经济网络中,网络结构对创新行为均无显著的影响,但创新行为将显著地受到家族企业组织间信任水平的影响。 相似文献
11.
A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
13.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
14.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
15.
Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
16.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
17.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
19.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
20.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献