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仲辉 《科学．经济．社会》2016,(4)
本文论述了在理解康德先验想象力问题方面比较值得注意的关键点,主要是它的生产性和亲和性,并将之与时间问题关联考虑,从文本基础上找到与海德格尔在《康德与形而上学疑难》一书中对同一问题论述的对接点,即:时间的先行性与绽出性,从而评论两位思想家思想角度的一致与差异,最后兼而论及想象力问题在哲学上的重要性. 相似文献
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<正>哲学的深刻性和持久性,只有经过漫长历史的考验和时代的磨难,才能逐步显现出来。康德哲学中的自由思想理论一直都是学术界的研究热点,这是因为从自由问题着手研究,能够有效地贯穿康德整个批判体系。自由这种特殊的活动也淋漓尽致地反映了人的灵肉二重属性,彰显出先验与经验、在场与缺席、自由与必然之间的张力关系。康德的自由对不同时代的人具有深远的意义,这是康德留给世界弥足珍贵的一份财富。康德的自由观涉及逻辑学、伦理学、美学、哲学等多个领域,邓晓芒把康德的自由观分为三个层次：自由意识、先验自由及实践自由。他从理性的角度研究了先验自由的必要性、实践自由的现实性和审美自由的自然目的,建构了康德哲学体系中的自由。一、先验自由自然科学领域的辉煌成就,被认为是引领“理性万能”的幻觉,通过理性理解把握整个世界。但康德在形而上学的困境中审视了人的极限,开始了理性的自我批判。康德与教条主义者最大的区别在于他清楚地看到了人的局限性,而理性不存在自然与自由的对立。究其原因,是对立双方混淆了现象与事物本身,利用仅适用于经验现象学的先验知识原理把握先验事物本身,并将一切归结为遵循自然因果律的机械决定论。一切都是... 相似文献
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康德开创了德国古典哲学,而黑格尔则运用传统理性主义对其哲学观点进行了批判,这也是德国哲学史发展中的一个重要转折.康德哲学思想影响和改变着黑格尔哲学,并使黑格尔在对康德哲学进行批判的过程中也不断继承与超越其哲学理念,对促进现代西方哲学的转折与发展具有十分重要的意义.
康德哲学的实质就是一种形而上学体系.康德试图利用自身的哲学理论去调解各种具有矛盾的哲学,如唯理主义和经验主义、唯心主义和唯物主义、唯名论和唯实论以及理性主义和非理性主义等,这也表明康德哲学就是一个混合的理论体系.后代西方学者也不断从康德哲学中找到自身研究所需要的东西,发现其都与康德哲学非常相似,但两者之间又会有明显的矛盾.这也导致很多哲学家不断对康德哲学进行批判,其中具有代表性的就是黑格尔,其在批判康德哲学的过程中不断发展德国古典哲学,并完成了形而上学体系,为现代西方哲学的发展提供了一个契机. 相似文献
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张会永 《科学．经济．社会》2011,29(3):116-120
康德的历史目的论与其道德和政治思想紧密相关。他考察了历史的自然目的和道德目的,揭示出至善是历史的最终目的,而至善又表现为各个国家之间的永久和平。通过把道德上的至善看作是政治上的永久和平,康德指出,道德与政治实际上是共契而非冲突的。这种共契是康德进一步统一实践哲学,从而完善其批判哲学体系,达到全面理解＂人是什么＂的进一步尝试。 相似文献
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康德哲学理论体系的确立有着划时代的意义,＂人为自然界立法＂是康德在其1781年发表的《纯粹理性批判》一书中提出的,康德十分反对将人当成工具,他认为＂人是目的＂,人的一切活动最终都是为了人自身的完善和完成,并且把人在自然界和社会领域中占主体性地位的这一思想进行了广泛的传播。 相似文献
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自然目的论是康德用来打通其批判哲学的体系、实现由自然向自由过渡的一个重要环节。在康德看来,通过目的论原则的运用就可以把整个自然与人类历史看作是一个以人的道德(自由本体)为终极目的的系统并由此实现从自然到自由的过渡。由于自然目的论在康德那里并不是关于自然的客观知识,而只是像人这样的有限的理性存在者对自然所应该具有的一种主观看法和态度,因此并不能真正实现由自然向自由的过渡。 相似文献
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张斌 《科学．经济．社会》2013,31(2)
早在康德把理性与自由视为现代性之纲领后,黑格尔在对现代性的查审与辩护中已开始了现代性批判,并由此引发了现代性形而上学批判之源流,这种潮流以尼采为转折点,其后以海德格尔的形而上学批判为高峰.梳理形而上学意义上的现代性批判对于理解和把握作为哲学意义上的“现代性”概念尤其重要,其中立足于本体论的追问则是基础.只有找准现代性存在的本体哲学基础,才能做到批判有的放矢,从而建构出一种现代性批判的新式样. 相似文献
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麻莉 《科学．经济．社会》2012,30(3):90-92
康德曾经在《什么是启蒙》中详细地揭示了理性在其运用领域中的尴尬境地:人类在需要运用自己理性的领域里却不得不接受别人的权威;而启蒙要求人们必须依靠自己的理性而不求助和屈服于任何权威.康德试图解决这一悖论,而卢梭的《爱弥尔》恰好给了他很大的启示,从整部《纯粹理性批判》的立意中,都可以看出康德始终未曾离开过这个启示所设定的线索.通过对《爱弥儿》和《纯粹理性批判批》导言的分析,可以看到卢梭与康德思想有着一脉相承的关系. 相似文献
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康德的"先验逻辑"可谓是逻辑史上的"哥白尼式革命",在康德批判哲学中具有重要的意义。本文从康德对传统逻辑的批判以及在这种对传统逻辑的批判下对先验逻辑的提出和说明,以及先验逻辑的基本出发点——"范畴"与"直观"的分析,以期望达到对康德先验逻辑的正确、充分的认识。 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献