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1.
中药贝母名实考订 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bei-mu (贝母), the bulbs of some fritillaries, is one of the most popular drugs
used in China ever since the ancient times. It is prescribed principally in coughs
and fevers. In recent years, although much chemical and pharmaceutical investiga-
tions of this drug have been made, its botanical origin remains confused. Several
types of commercial drugs Bei-mu, for instance, were incorrectly considered by some
authers as being derived from the bolbs of Fritillaria roylei Hook., a species of Kashmir
and Kumaon, not yet found in China. In the present paper, the writers attempt to
give a revision of the genus Fritillaria of China as well as of commercial drugs sold
on the chinese market under the name of Bei-mu, based on both plant and drug speci-
mens collected from 18 provinces and autonomous regions.
As a result of our study, twenty species, including two varieties, of Fritillaria of
China are recognized, of which four, F. crassicaulis S. C. Chen, F. omeiensis S. C.
Chen, F. unibracteata Hsiao et K. C. Hsia and F. hupehensis Hsiao et K. C. Hsia,
and one variety, P. thunbergii Miq. var. chekiangensis Hsiao et K. C. Hsia, are de-
scribed as new. They all, except two species, viz. F. maximowiczii Freyn and F.
davidii Franch., are known to possess medicinal value, from which different kinds of
commercial drugs Bei-mu are derived. These drugs are usually named for the places
where they come from. The first, called Zhe-bei (浙贝), F. thunbergii Miq., is obtained
from Chekiang and Kiangsu, the second, called Ping-bei (平贝), F. ussuriensis Maxim.,
from northeastern China, the third, called Lu-bei (炉贝), F. delavayi Franch., from
southwestern China, the fourth, called Chuan-bei (川贝), including F. cirrhosa D. Don,
F. unibracteata Hsiao et K. C. Hsia, F. przewalskii Maxim. etc., from Szechuan and
its neighbouring provinces, and the fifth, called Yi-bei (伊贝), including F. pallidiflora
Schrenk, F. karelinii (Fisch.) Baker, F. walujewii Rgl. etc., from Sinkiang. Occasio-
nally, the tubers of Bolbostemma paniculatum (Maxim.) Franquet, the corms of Iphi-
genia indica Kunth and the bulbs of Lloydia tibetica Baker and Cyanotis vaga
(Lour.) Roem. et Schult. are also called Bei-mu in some local drug markets. They
are different not only in medicinal property but also in appearance from our tradi-
tional genuine commercial drugs Bei-mu as stated above. They are apparently adul-
terants.
Detailed accounts about the plants and drugs are given in the text. There are also
provided keys and illustrations which, we believe, will afford facilities for identifica-
tion. 相似文献
2.
Working with the 200 different phenological cold/ warm records of phenomena and crop distribution extracted from a number of historical documents about places geographically located at latitudes 27°-40°N and longitudes 107°-120°E, the winter half-year temperature （October to April） for the past 2,000 years at 10-30 years＇ time resolution in the central region of eastern China was reconstructed （See Figurel; Ge et al., 2003）, and the climatic periodicity was detected （Ge et al., 2004）. 相似文献
3.
计算机词汇手语的缺失、学生地方手语和中国手语的转换以及计算机软件操作步骤繁琐等问题都使聋人学生在计算机软件的学习中存在很多的困难,也给教师的教学、沟通带来一定挑战。教师需要考虑到学生的手语认知程度、词汇识记状态进行操作,更要解决学生的词汇、手语匹配的问题并提高聋生语义理解力。本文参考了普通教学理论和特殊教育理论,结合聋人学生实际教学中表现出的特点,重点论述了计算机教学中沟通方面的常见问题和解决方法。 相似文献
4.
The classical and numerical taxonomy, palynology and the geographical dis-
tribution of the Genus Schizopepon are dealt with in the present paper. Having comme-
nted on various opinions regarding the systematic position of the genus, the present au-
thors consider that C. Jeffrey’s treatment of Schizopepon as a new and monogeneric tri-
be, Schizopeponeae, should be supported.
The gross morphological characters in the genus are assessed from the taxonomic
point of view. Some characters, such as stamens with an elongated connective or not,
different insertions of ovules and various forms of ovaries and fruits, may be used for
distinguishing subgenera.
The pollen grains of all the species were observed under light microscope (LM) and
scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that a strong differentiation
has taken place in the pollen of the genus, and in consequence it may be regarded as an
important basis for dividing subgenera and species. Especially it should be pointed out
that degrees of development of colpi and positions of ora are positively correlated with
the external characters used for distinguishing subgenera.
According to the morphological and palynological characters, the genus Schizopepon
may be divided into three subgenera and eight species: 1. Subgenus Schizopepon: 5 spe-
cies, S. bryoniaefolius Maxim., S. monoicus A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang, S. dioicus Cogn.,
S. longipes Gagnep. and S. macranthus Hand.-Mazz.; 2. Subgenus Rhynchocarpos A. M.
Lu et Z. Y. Zhang: 1 species, S. bomiensis A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang; 3. Subgenus Neoschi-
zopepon A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang: 2 species, S. bicirrhosus (C. B. Clarke) C. Jeffrey
and S. xizangensis A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang.
The 8 OTU’s including all the species of this genus and 31 characters, of which 16 are morphological characters and 15 palynological characters, were used in the numerical taxonomic treatment. After standardization of characters, the correlation and distance matrices were computed. The correlation matrices are made to test the various clustering methods. At last, the UPGMA clustering method was selected and its result
is shown in the form of phenogram. The result of numerical analysis is similar to that of the classical classification.
Schizopepon Maxim. is a genus of East Asia-Himalayan distribution. China has all 8 species and 2 varieties, of which 6 species are endemic. Based on the statistics of spedies number, the distribution centre of the genus is considered to be in the Hengduan Mountains (Yangtze-Mekong-Salwin water divides) and the adjacent areas of the southwest China. 相似文献
5.
Huang Ronghui 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2009,23(4):222-225
The East Asian monsoon （EAM） system is an important circulation system in the global climate system, which features strong southwesterlies with wet air over East Asia in surruner and northwesterlies with dry air over North China, Northeast China, Korea and Japan and northeasterlies along the coast of Southeast China （e.g., Tao and Chen）. Influenced by the variations and anomalies of the EAM system, therefore, 相似文献
6.
林有润 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1987,25(5):390-392
It is quite unreasonable reducing Elachanthemum Y. Ling et Y. R. Ling into
Stilprolepis Krasch. and it is so wrong idea attributing the achenes and cupuliform corolla (as
a matter of fact, the cupuliform corolla is originally from the Stilpnolepis Krasch., not from
Elachanthemum Y. Ling et Y. R. Ling) of Elachanthemum Y. Ling et Y. R. Ling to “earlier
Development” in the paper published in Act. Phytotax. Sin. 23(6): 470-472. 1985.
In Elachanthemum Y. Ling et Y. R. Ling, bracts of capitula herbaceous, obviously floccose
on the abaxial surface and membranaceous only on the margin, corolla of bisexual florets tubu-
lar, achenes oblique, obovoid, and the exine of pollen grains minutespinulate, but in Stilpnole-
pis Krasch., on the contrary, whole bracts membranaceous, glabrous, corolla of hermaphrodite
florets cupuliform or campanulate, achenes long-clavate or fuciform and the exine of pollen grains remarkably spiny. 相似文献
7.
铁线莲属研究随记(Ⅱ) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
王文采 《中国科学院研究生院学报》2000,38(5):401-429
(1) The systematic positions of Clematis potaninii Maxim., C . heynei Rau, C. tri-
chotoma Nakai, C. apiculata Hook. f. &; Thoms, C. theobromina Dunn, C. sigensis Engler,
C. hedysarifolia DC., and C. dissecta Baker, and the specific status of C. trifida Hook, C.
pimpinellifolia Hook., C. oligophylla Hook., and Clematopsis lineariloba Hutch. are discussed;
(2) New classifications for Clematis parviloba Gardn. &; Champ., C. puberula Hook. f. &;
Thoms., and sect. Naraveliopsis Hand.-Mazz. are provided; (3) Clematis subsect. Potaninianae
M. Johnson, C. heynei M. Johnson, C. petelotii Gagnep. and some other names are reduced to
synonymy; (4) Two subsections, 4 series, 4 species, and 4 varieties are described as new; (5)
Four new ranks and 4 new combinations are made.
Key words Clematis;Taxonomical problems;New taxa;New ranks;New combinations
摘要 (1)对铁线链属以下诸种Clematis potaninii Maxim., C．heynei Rau,C．trichotoma Nakai,C．apicu-
lata Hook．f.&; Thoms., C．theobromina Dunn,C．hedysarifolia DC．和C．dissecta Baker的系统位置进行了
讨论,提出了新见解;(2)过去一些作者或不承认C．trifida Hook．,C．pimpinellifolia Hook.,C．oligophyl-
la Hook．,和Clematopsis lineariloba Hutch诸种,或进行降级,作为种下分类群处理。本文作者在研究了有
关标本之后认为上述4种有明显区别特征,均应成立;(3)对裂叶铁线莲Clematis parviloba Gardn．&;
Champ．的5个变种,短毛铁线莲C．puberula Hook．f.&; Thoms．的4个变种和丝铁线莲组sect．Naraveli-
opsis Hand.-Mazz．的20个种做出新的分类安排;(4)归并了subsect．Potanimianae W．T．Wang,C．heynei
M．Johnson,C．petelotii Gagnep．以及其他几个学名;(5)描述了2新亚组,4新系,3新种和3新变种;(6)做出了3个新等级,4个新组合。 相似文献
8.
手语是聋校课堂教学中的主要交流方式。然而使用手语的教学,在课堂信息交流过程中存在着不少障碍。手语多义现象是造成交流障碍的重要原因。手语的准确性和丰富性是提升聋校语文教学实效的关键。在聋校教学与交流中充分发挥手语的积极作用,将手语与口语、书面语等有机结合在一起,尽量运用直观的教学策略促进听障儿童学习;规范在教学活动和日常交流中使用的手语,让聋人教师积极参与教学活动,为学生营造更加良好的语言环境有助于消除多义手势语带来的课堂信息交流中的障碍。 相似文献
9.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2009,23(1):3-4
Scientists with the CAS Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics （SIOM）announced on 26 Nov., 2008 thesuccessful development of China＇s first atom-chip system for achieving Bose-Einstein condensation （BEC）, a milestone progress in ultracold atomresearch and quantum information storage technologies. 相似文献
10.
Written in May this poem vividly depicts one of the most renowned Chinese experts in plant taxonomy: Prof. Wu in his late seventies.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):38-42
Prof. WU Zhengyi （Wu Cheng-yih, C.Y. Wu）, a CAS Member and Emeritus Director-general of the Kunming Institute of Botany, is the founder of the Chinese school of floristic geography. Born in Jiangxi in 1916 and graduating from Tsinghua University, Prof. Wu has made major contributions to plant taxonomy and phylogeny, floristic geography, and the utilization of plant resources in China and around the world. He is recognized as a leading scholar of the country＇s botanic community. 相似文献
11.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2009,23(1):5-5
In cooperation with engineers from Shandong Huate Magnet Technology Co., Ltd, scientistsand technicians from the CAS Institute of High Energy Physics （IHEP） have developed China＇s first low-temperature superconducting iron remover, a major piece of equipment for separating the ferromagnetic matter from coal and other raw materials. 相似文献
12.
引入元分析方法,比较分析了国内外技术情报研究在研究主题、研究层次、研究阶段、研究方法等方面的异同。通过比较发现：在研究主题方面,国外注重实证研究和理论构建,国内处于概念研究、问题和对策研究阶段;技术竞争情报既是竞争情报的一个子集,也是技术管理的一个子集。Abstract： By the introduction of the meta-analysis method,this paper compares and analyzes the differences and similarities between research subjects,research layers,research stages and research methods in technology intelligence research at home and abroad.It＇s found by comparison that foreign countries pay attention to empirical study and theoretical construction while China is still at the stage of concept research,and problem and countermeasure research.Competitive technology intelligence is not only a subset of competitive intelligence,but also a subset of technology management. 相似文献
13.
ZHANG Jun & YANG Shuhong Key Laboratory of Solar Activity National Astronomical Observatories CAS Beijing 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2011,(3):212-214
It has been known that there are different kinds of small-scale active phenomena on the Sun.They are classified into spicules,macrospicules,and H-alpha jets,X-ray jets,etc.,according to their sizes,velocities, lifetimes,and so on.All these phenomena are related to small-scale magnetic fields.The problems of solar upper 相似文献
14.
15.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2006,20(1):6-7
Recent studies of a team led by Prof. TIAN Zhigang from the CAS affiliated University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) have shed new light on the treatment and prevention of hepatitis with their discovery that the pretreatment with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), an artificial mimic of viral RNA, could significantly block the invasion of liver by pathogens. 相似文献
16.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3):255-255
The glucocorticoid receptor （GR）, also known as NR3C1 （nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1） is the receptor to which cortisol and other glucocorticoids bind. Many studies have also showed that it is the target protein for the well-known glucocorticoid class of anti-inflammatory drugs such as prednisone, dexamethasone （DEX） and budesonide, which have proven successful for the efficient treatment of inflammation and autoimmune diseases such as asthma,arthritis,lupus, and Crohn＇s disease. 相似文献
17.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2013,(4):212-212
Scientists from the Institute of Hydrobiology （IHB）, Chinese Academy of Sciences recently reported three new species of dragonfly which they had discovered in a field investigation in Shennongjia, a forest district in central China＇s Hubei Province. The new species, namely C. discolor, C. mattii and C. soliaria, are endemic and found nowhere else in the world but in Central China. 相似文献
18.
手指语是利用手指指式变化来代表字母,按音节的拼音顺序依次打出词语、句子的一种表达形式,它是手语的重要组成部分,它将汉语拼音指式化,也．-j-~说是一种拼音化的手语,每个汉语音节都可以用手指语表达。双手指语是手指语的一种,本文对双手指语的概念、设计原则和拼打方法进行了分析,探讨了双手指语虽是一种地方指语,却有很多优点的,具有较高的研究价值和应用价值,在手指语中占有很重要的地位,应该得到手语运用者的重视,得到学术界的认可,应该在聋校教学中得到广泛推广使用,使之更好地为聋人早期掌握汉语拼音和汉字服务。 相似文献
19.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2012,26(3):232-233
Prof. Raymond C. Stevens is a world-leading scientist in the structural study of G protein-coupled receptors and related drug design. For more than two decades he has worked at Harvard, University of Califorivia, Berkeley and the Scripps Research Institute and partnered with 相似文献
20.