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研究通过对参加2013年河南省青少年田径锦标赛暨河南省第十二届运动会青少年田径资格赛的运动员共975名,选择马腾斯编制的《竞赛状态焦虑问卷》(CSAI—2)来测量和研究青少年田径运动员竞赛状态焦虑。结果发现:1不同年龄的运动员在认知状焦虑、状态自信心上呈非常显著性差异(P<0.01);在躯体状态焦虑上存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。2不同来源运动员在认知状态焦虑、躯体状态焦虑两个维度上略高于传统学校运动员,但未见显著性差异(P>0.05);在状态自信心维度上,区县(直管县)运动员低于传统项目学校运动员,且存在非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。3不同参赛组别的运动员在认知状态焦虑、躯体状态焦虑存在非常显著性差异(P<0.01);与状态自信心不存在差异(P>0.05)。4经常参加高水平比赛的运动员比偶尔或从未参加过比赛的运动员认知状态焦虑和躯体状态焦虑水平低,在状态自信心上高于后者。5赛前适应比赛环境越好,运动员的认知状态焦虑、躯体状态焦虑值就越低,状态自信心值就越高。反之,赛场比赛适应能力差,认知状态焦虑、躯体状态焦虑值就越高,状态自信心也就越低。(6)有无观众对运动员的状态焦虑水平影响很大,越是比赛自信心强烈的运动员就越希望现场有很多观众来关注自己,从而激发自己比赛斗志和运动潜能,努力获得好成绩。 相似文献
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射击运动员赛前焦虑的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究的目的在于调查31名射击运动员赛前焦虑与性别、状态自信心及运动技能水平之间的关系。所有的被试要求在比赛前测试竞赛状态焦虑量表(简称CSAI-2)。结果表明，比赛发挥好的运动员表现出最低的认知状态焦虑、躯体状态焦虑和最高的状态自信心；状态自信心是区分优秀射击运动员与一般射击运动员的良好指标，性别影响着运动员赛前的躯体状态焦虑，射击运动员的最好成绩与高自信心和低焦虑水平相联系。 相似文献
3.
通过对男子射箭优秀运动员与非优秀运动员参加全国射箭锦标赛前一周、赛前两天与赛中的竞赛焦虑状态的调查与研究,结果表明:在赛前与赛中优秀运动员的认知焦虑与身体焦虑比非优秀运动员低,且自信心比非优秀运动员高。而进入比赛后,优秀运动员的认知焦虑降低,自信心增高;相反,非优秀运动员的认知焦虑和身体焦虑在比赛开始后增高,自信心降低。造成这一差异的原因主要与运动员对成功的期望、认知水平和竞赛心理调控能力有关。 相似文献
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为探讨我国田径运动员的认知风格、竞赛焦虑特征与竞技水平发挥的关系,采用镶嵌图形测验和竞赛状态焦虑问卷的方法,对我国15个省、市优秀田径运动员93人进行调查。结果显示:①我国优秀田径运动员有场依存者和场独立者,个体差异情况较大;田径运动员认知状态焦虑低于田径常模、躯体状态焦虑显著低于常模,状态自信心显著高于常模,场独立运动员躯体状态焦虑显著高于场依存运动员,认知状态焦虑更低而状态自信心更高。②认知风格与认知状态焦虑显著负相关,与躯体状态焦虑、状态自信心正相关,认知风格是影响认知状态焦虑的一个主因素。③两种认知风格运动员与竞技水平发挥率负相关,场独立运动员竞技水平发挥率更高;竞技水平发挥高组的运动员认知状态焦虑、躯体状态焦虑更低,状态自信心更高;竞技水平发挥高组与认知状态焦虑、躯体状态焦虑负相关,竞技水平发挥低组与认知状态焦虑负相关、与躯体状态焦虑正相关,两组运动员与状态自信心正相关;回归分析表明竞赛焦虑的三个维度均不能预测竞技水平发挥程度。 相似文献
5.
通过对中国优秀武术套路运动员关于竞赛状态焦虑的问题进行问卷和现场调研,结果表明：1）不同训练年限、不同运动等级的运动员在认知状态焦虑、躯体状态焦虑、状态自信心上具有显著性差异;2）运动员得分与认知状态焦虑有显著负相关性、与状态自信心呈正相关、与躯体状态焦虑呈倒U关系;3）通过探索分析得出赛前预测运动成绩好坏的客观指标。以期为教练员在训练及比赛中高效处理优秀武术运动员的竞赛状态焦虑提供参考。 相似文献
6.
采用马腾斯的运动竞赛状态焦虑量表的中国修订本,对参加全国青少年武术散打锦标赛的运动员进行了不同场次的问卷调查,目的在于揭示焦虑影响因素的变化对青少年武术散打运动员比赛的影响,用于指导训练和比赛。研究结果表明,训练年限长的运动员认知焦虑低于训练年限短的运动员;随着文化程度的提高,认知焦虑逐渐下降;运动水平的不同认知焦虑表现出不同的特点。 相似文献
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8.
我国青少年武术散打运动员赛前多维焦虑的研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
张峰 《西安体育学院学报》2005,22(4):123-126
采用马腾斯的运动竞赛状态焦虑量表的中国修订本,对参加全国青少年武术散打锦标赛的运动员进行了不同场次的问卷调查。研究结果表明,认知状态焦虑,躯体状态焦虑随比赛的深入进行焦虑水平下降,状态自信心的水平不断升高。躯体状态焦虑处于中等焦虑水平时,成绩较好。状态自信心越高,比赛成绩越好。 相似文献
9.
影响武术散打运动员赛前状态焦虑因素的分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用心理测量问卷调查法、多因素方差分析、相关分析法、访谈法对参加2010年8月在陕西宝鸡举行散打冠军赛的120名运动员进行赛前状态焦虑分析。结果表明：（1）有大赛经验运动员在处理赛前状态焦虑方面要强于无大赛经验运动员。（2）武英级运动员认知焦虑与躯体焦虑均低于一级和二级运动员的这两项指标,并且状态自信心高于其它两个等级运动员的状态自信心。（3）武英级运动员与一级、二级运动员比较,在赛前状态焦虑的三个维度上均显示显著性差异;并且认知焦虑是影响武术散打比赛的一个主要焦虑。（4）赛前状态焦虑还与运动员的心理疲劳与运动损伤的影响因素、对手的水平差距、领导与教练员的影响因素等这些因素相关。 相似文献
10.
Cristina Akiko Iizuka Welber Marinovic Afonso Antonio Machado Luiz Henrique Porto Vilani 《体育科研》2005,26(3):73-75
多维焦虑理论认为认知和躯体焦虑对运动成绩会产生不同的影响.根据这个理论,运动员在赛前具有较高的认知焦虑水平或躯体焦虑水平出现极端值(过高或过低)或自信心较低时,他们将取得较差的运动成绩.先前的研究还认为焦虑与运动成绩间的关系还取决于所要完成动作的特点.不同的运动技能有各自最佳的焦虑水平.总的来说,焦虑水平较高有利于完成体力消耗较大的运动项目.而焦虑水平较低时,则有利于完成精确类项目.就乒乓球项目而言,它既需要体力又需要精确性,因此,本研究调查分析了乒乓球运动员赛前焦虑水平与运动成绩间的关系.研究对象3 6名青少年乒乓球运动员,男、女运动员各1 8名,平均年龄为12.28±0.74岁.研究方法采用运动竞赛状态焦虑量表(CSAI-2C).让运动员在参加地区赛第一场比赛的赛前30分填写问卷.研究结果认知状态焦虑水平不能用来预测运动员的成绩.获胜运动员和失利运动员赛前的躯体状态焦虑和自信心没有差异.这表明本研究没有支持多维焦虑理论的假设,或许是乒乓球运动的特点和运动员的个体差异比运动员的焦虑水平对运动成绩的影响更大.因此,如果运动员的个人特点与他们的技术风格相适应,不同焦虑水平的运动员都可能取得好成绩. 相似文献
11.
多维竞赛状态焦虑的影响因素及其与武术比赛成绩之间关系的研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
采用ＣＳＡＩ－２问卷测试了３２２名参加全国或省际比赛运动员的赛前状态焦虑。结果发现：①运动项目类型是影响多维竞赛状态焦虑的一个重要变量；②性别与运动级别仅在某种程度上影响着运动员的多维竞赛状态焦虑；③文化程度不是影响赛前状态焦虑的因素；④认知特征显著的武术比赛成绩更多地受到认知状态焦虑的影响。建议对于认知特征显著的武术运动，教练员应该加强对运动员的认知心理训练 相似文献
12.
This study considered the influence of competitive anxiety and self-confidence state responses upon components of performance. Basketball players (n=12) were trained to self-report their cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence as a single response on several occasions immediately before going on court to play. Performance was video-recorded and aspects of performance that could be characterized as requiring either largely anaerobic power (height jumped) or working memory (successful passes and assists) were measured. Intra-individual performance scores were computed from these measures and the data from seven matches were subjected to regression analyses and then hierarchical regression analyses. The results indicated that, as anticipated, somatic anxiety positively predicted performance that involved anaerobic demands. Self-confidence, and not cognitive anxiety, was the main predictor of performance scores with working memory demands. It would appear that different competitive state responses exert differential effects upon aspects of actual performance. Identifying these differences will be valuable in recommending intervention strategies designed to facilitate performance. 相似文献
13.
This study considered the influence of competitive anxiety and self-confidence state responses upon components of performance. Basketball players (n = 12) were trained to self-report their cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence as a single response on several occasions immediately before going on court to play. Performance was video-recorded and aspects of performance that could be characterized as requiring either largely anaerobic power (height jumped) or working memory (successful passes and assists) were measured. Intra-individual performance scores were computed from these measures and the data from seven matches were subjected to regression analyses and then hierarchical regression analyses. The results indicated that, as anticipated, somatic anxiety positively predicted performance that involved anaerobic demands. Self-confidence, and not cognitive anxiety, was the main predictor of performance scores with working memory demands. It would appear that different competitive state responses exert differential effects upon aspects of actual performance. Identifying these differences will be valuable in recommending intervention strategies designed to facilitate performance. 相似文献
14.
跆拳道运动员竞赛状态焦虑、实战比赛临场技术发挥及其相关关系的分析研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用马腾斯(Martens)等人1982年编制经我国修订的CSAI-2问卷,对部分参加九运会预选赛的跆拳道运动员实战比赛中竞赛状态焦虑进行了测量,并结合临场技术水平(有效击打次数百分比)的发挥状况进行了分析研究,目的是使教练员和运动员充分了解竞赛状态焦虑产生变化的规律以及它对运动员临场技术训练和比赛中控制焦虑水平,改进和提高运动员训练和比赛中攻、防技术动作的实效性,加强文化教育,改善运动员认知结构和思维结构,从而使运动员多年拼搏积累的体能,技能在重大比赛中充分,稳定的发挥。 相似文献
15.
The purpose of the present study was to investigate competitive anxiety during balance beam performance in gymnasts. Competitive anxiety was assessed continuously by heart rate monitoring and by retrospective self-report of nervousness in eight female national level gymnasts during their balance beam routine during one competition and two training sessions. A significant negative correlation was found between the score of the retrospective self-report of nervousness and performance during the routine. There were no significant differences in performance score by the judges between the three test sessions. There were also no differences in the retrospective self-report of nervousness. However, heart rate was significantly higher during the competition session than during the training sessions. The potential value of the retrospective report of nervousness for the study of critical events during gymnastic performance is illustrated. The results are discussed in the light of catastrophe theory. 相似文献
16.
残疾人运动员的特质焦虑与竞赛状态焦虑研究 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
采用特质焦虑测验(TAI)和竞赛状态焦虑测验(CSAI-2)对73名残疾人运动员的焦虑测试分析表明：1)绝大多数残疾人运动员为中等强度的特质焦虑水平。残疾人运动员的认知焦虑与一般运动员相比没有显著性差异；残疾人运动员的躯体焦虑较一般运动员高，但比一般运动员更为自信；2)残疾人运动员的特质焦虑存在着性别差异，但竞赛状态焦虑没有性别差异；两者都不存在残疾类别差异和残疾类别与性别的交互作用影响；3)残疾人运动员在一般情景中的特质焦虑与他们的竞赛状态焦虑是相互独立的。 相似文献
17.
Jorge Cottyn Dirk De Clercq Jean-Louis Pannier Geert Crombez Matthieu Lenoir 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(2):157-164
Abstract The purpose of the present study was to investigate competitive anxiety during balance beam performance in gymnasts. Competitive anxiety was assessed continuously by heart rate monitoring and by retrospective self-report of nervousness in eight female national level gymnasts during their balance beam routine during one competition and two training sessions. A significant negative correlation was found between the score of the retrospective self-report of nervousness and performance during the routine. There were no significant differences in performance score by the judges between the three test sessions. There were also no differences in the retrospective self-report of nervousness. However, heart rate was significantly higher during the competition session than during the training sessions. The potential value of the retrospective report of nervousness for the study of critical events during gymnastic performance is illustrated. The results are discussed in the light of catastrophe theory. 相似文献
18.
运用访问调查、问卷调查研究方法对我国青少年足球运动员竞赛状态焦虑、运动动机和应对方式的关系进行了研究。结果表明:进入梯队年限短的青少年足球运动员在认知状态焦虑和躯体状态焦虑平均分低于年长的运动员,在状态自信心上相反;运动动机的认同调节和内投调节维度上存在非常显著性差异和显著性差异;在应对方式的集中解决问题的应对维度上存在显著性差异。3个年龄段竞赛状态焦虑上没有显著性差异;在运动动机的认同调节和内投调节两个维度上存在显著性差异;在应对方式上无显著性差异。不同运动等级青少年足球运动员的竞赛状态焦虑、运动动机、应对方式均无显著性差异。 相似文献
19.
A test of processing efficiency theory in a team sport context 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In this study, we tested some key postulates of Eysenck and Calvo's processing efficiency theory in a team sport. The participants were 12 elite male volleyball players who were followed throughout the course of a competitive season. Self-report measures of pre-match and in-game cognitive anxiety and mental effort were collected in groups of players high and low in dispositional anxiety. Player performance was determined from the statistical analysis of match-play. Sets were classified according to the point spread separating the two teams into one of three levels of criticality. Game momentum was also analysed to determine its influence on in-game state anxiety. Significant differences in in-game cognitive anxiety were apparent between high and low trait anxiety groups. An interaction between anxiety grouping and momentum condition was also evident in cognitive anxiety. Differences in set criticality were reflected in significant elevations in mental effort, an effect more pronounced in dispositionally high anxious performers. Consistent with the predictions of processing efficiency theory, mental effort ratings were higher in high trait-anxious players in settings where their performance was equivalent to that of low trait-anxious performers. The usefulness of processing efficiency theory as an explanatory framework in sport anxiety research is discussed in the light of these findings. 相似文献