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1.
《International Journal of Information Management》2016,36(4):543-556
This paper reports on a research project that investigated how library and information (LIS) professionals experience ethical dilemmas, with particular reference to the impact of new technologies, sources used to assist ethical decision-making, and the contribution case studies can make to ethical understanding and decision-making. Data was collected through interviews in Britain, Ireland and Australia with LIS professionals, educators, and representatives of professional bodies. The findings identify the main types of dilemma raised and discuss cases indicative of each type. They suggest that new technologies do not appear to change ethical principles but, when experienced in the workplace, substantially change the factors the professional has to evaluate. They also suggest that relevant codes of ethics are satisfactory on traditional library issues of access and confidentiality, but do not address the ethical challenges of current and potential digital environments. Professional associations appear more familiar with codes of ethics than practitioners although practitioners show high levels of ethical awareness, suggesting associations need to communicate more with their members and provide tools that are more useful in the workplace. Case studies are seen as a good way to educate and engage practitioners because of the complexity, conflicts and dynamism they can present. 相似文献
2.
Implementing impact evaluation in professional practice: A study of support needs within the museum, archive and library sector 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Dorothy A. Caroline Graeme Alan Debbie 《International Journal of Information Management》2005,25(6):533-548
This paper reports on research into the professional needs of those embarking on impact evaluation in the museum, archive and library sector. The research used a web portal providing impact evaluation research findings and examples of methods and toolkits as a means of facilitating response and discussion about practitioner attitude to, and resource needs for, impact evaluation in their own organisations. The various challenges associated with impact evaluation are briefly explored in relation to the conflicting interests of policy makers, managers and practitioners working in the frontline. Respondents’ reactions to issues associated with information accessibility are discussed and reflect the complexity of providing adequate support for a wide range of professionals with varying experience and potential or perceived needs. Although the study focused on one sector of practitioners, the findings are relevant to all professionals aiming to develop high quality information services and systems in relation to their end users. 相似文献
3.
高等职业教育的目的就是要培养出面向生产、建设、服务和管理第一线需要的高素质技能型专门人才。作为职业教育人,我们希望培养出的学生能够“零距离”就业。这个“零距离”不光是指职业技能方面,更主要的是指职业道德、职业规范和职业心理方面。这就要求我们在学校教育过程中要多关注对学生职业道德养成和职业心理的培养,严格要求学生,通过课程的导向作用,提高学生的道德修养和职业心理,以期达到为建设第一线培养高级技术应用型人才和管理人才的目标。我们主要通过改进课堂教学模式、将企业核心价值观和企业精神渗透在课程中、采取灵活多样、喜闻乐见、行之有效的职业心理培养的方式、加强学生自我教育。以期更好的提升学生适应社会的能力。 相似文献
4.
Jen-Ruei FuAuthor Vitae 《International Journal of Information Management》2011,31(3):279-293
Using push-pull-mooring framework and investment model as theoretical lenses, this study provides a compelling theoretical model that helps understand the important antecedents of career commitment of IT professionals. Especially, we examined the moderating role of IT career tenure. Data to test the hypotheses were drawn from a cross-sectional field study of MIS departments from top-1000 large-scale companies in Taiwan. The results generally supported the research model. Career satisfaction was the most important determinant of career commitment, followed by professional self-efficacy, threat of professional obsolescence and career investment. The moderating analysis revealed distinct patterns that IT professionals seemed to hold different attitudes about the careers at different stages. The career attitudes of senior IT professionals were largely driven by push factors. On the contrary, the expelling forces which driving people away from their current careers (push effects) and personal inhibitors and facilitators (mooring effects) seemed equally important to junior IT professionals on their attitudes toward committing to the IT career. Insight and implications on management strategy for IT/HR managers are discussed. 相似文献
5.
The aim of this article is to increase the understanding of how institutional forces and organizational context, in parallel with cognitive issues, impact knowledge sharing within multinational corporations (MNCs). Furthermore, the aim is to elaborate on differences between industries by comparing and contrasting a retail firm with a manufacturing firm. The focus is on IKEA and SCA Packaging and their efforts to share knowledge across national and intra-organizational boundaries. Despite differences between these two MNCs, the case studies illustrate that the will to share and absorb knowledge is very much influenced by institutional forces, as well as by the ways in which organizations are structured and controlled. 相似文献
6.
Providing technical and experiential information without overwhelming participants' perspectives presents a major challenge to public involvement in policy decisions. This article reports the design and analysis of a case study on incorporating expert and stakeholder knowledge without including them as deliberators, while supporting deliberative participants' ability to introduce and critically assess different perspectives. Analysis of audio-recorded deliberations illustrates how expert and stakeholder knowledge was cited, criticized and incorporated into deliberations. In conclusion, separating experts and stakeholders from deliberations may be an important prima facie principle when the goal is to enhance citizen representation on technical issues and related policy. 相似文献
7.
8.
No project is an island: linking projects to history and context 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Mats Engwall 《Research Policy》2003,32(5):789-808
Theories on project management are dominated by a perspective on singular projects, treating the unit of analysis as a lonely phenomenon. Anchored in a comparative case study, this paper discusses how the interior processes of a project are influenced by its historical and organizational context. The paper illustrates how the structures and procedures employed in a project have to be understood in relation to previous and simultaneous courses of activity, to future plans, and to standard operating procedures, traditions, and the norms of its surroundings. The findings suggest that future research on project management needs to extend its temporal scope, analyzing how project practices evolve through history over prior, present, and future projects, as well as its organizational scope, analyzing how project practices relate to long-term institutions as well as simultaneous activities in its environment. 相似文献
9.
Geomedia Professional在油气田地面工程数字化的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以西部某油田地理信息系统建设过程中油气田地面工程数字化工程为例,经过对Geomedia Professional在该工程中的应用分析,说明该软件在油气田地面工程数字化的空间数据和属性数据的整理、转换、入库的处理过程,提出一套完整的数字化解决方案。 相似文献
10.
目前,随着社会对工程管理专业人才需求的发展,许多高等学校都设置了工程管理专业。工程管理专业的归属院系有些在经济管理院系,有些在土木工程院系,但最多的还是在土木院系,主要是针对土木工程的管理。这使得课程设置上有不少是以土木工程为背景。因此,如何适应就业市场需求,而工程管理专业人才的培养区别于土木工程人才培养,并在大土木环境中培养自身的特色,成为了许多大土木环境下本专业人才培养所面临的一大研究问题。 相似文献
11.
以工作过程为基点的课程改革在我国高等职业教育中应用非常广泛,随着社会市场化的推进以及教育人才的不断增长,如何在工作过程中实现学生对于市场岗位的理解升华,正是高职教育中应该具体解决的关键问题.以职业发展为导向的课程改革正是秉承这一观念.文章从课程改革的背景和思路出发,详细阐述了课程改革实践体系建构中的五个重要环节. 相似文献
12.
Eduardo Ramos Luiz Antonio Joia 《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2013,24(1):30-41
Two important problems have been observed fairly frequently among information technology (IT) professionals, namely turn-over – where the IT professional moves to another company but still remains in the IT sector – and turn-away, in which the IT professional abandons the area in order to occupy a position in a different area, either in the same company or in another, sometimes assuming a managerial function. Few research papers were found with respect to the latter phenomenon. Based on that, the main thrust of this work is to understand how and why IT professionals in Brazil abandon their area, identifying typical characteristics in their career transition. Thus, from a literature review about career development and the analysis of the data collected, eight research hypotheses were developed in order to be analyzed by the researchers. A multiple case study method with several units of analysis was applied in two large companies in Brazil. In-depth interviews were conducted with IT professionals who had migrated to other areas within their organizations, they being considered the unit of analysis. The results accrued from this research reveal that IT professionals in Brazil need to have more growth opportunities than either their companies have been able to offer them or it is possible to offer within the technical arena. 相似文献
13.
This case discusses the use of business intelligence systems in the running and optimisation of magazine distribution by a UK company. The company collects a wide range of data to help it monitor and optimise a supply chain involving subcontractors. The case study raises a number of issues which are discussed. It illustrates the variety of forces which are driving companies to adopt business intelligence systems. It demonstrates how business intelligence systems can help run business processes. It explores the problems and issues with sourcing, collecting and cleaning data. Issues around anonymisation and the concept of a ‘single version of the truth’ are discussed and ethical issues highlighted. It concludes that an understanding of the role of interpretation in data collection, collation and subsequent decision making is critical to business intelligence and calls for more research in this area. 相似文献
14.
浅谈高职高专院校汽车专业英语的教学改革 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
汽车专业英语作为汽车工程及汽车相关专业的核心课程之一,在学生将来的就业和工作中发挥着很重要的作用,本应受到师生们的高度重视,但是在现实的高职高专院校中,汽车专业英语却没有赢得其相应的地位。结合实际的教学经验,分析寻求其中的原因,并对汽车专业英语课程在师资建设、教学手段、学生能力培养、考试形式等诸多方面进行大胆改革创新。 相似文献
15.
Going offline: An exploratory cultural artifact analysis of an internet dating site's development trajectories 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this study, we develop a theorisation of an internet dating site as a cultural artifact. The site, Gaydar, is targeted at gay men. We argue that contemporary received representations of their sexuality figure heavily in the site's focus by providing a cultural logic for the apparent ad hoc development trajectories of its varied commercial and non-commercial services. More specifically, we suggest that the growing sets of services related to the website are heavily enmeshed within current social practices and meanings. These practices and meanings are, in turn, shaped by the interactions and preferences of a variety of diverse groups involved in what is routinely seen within the mainstream literature as a singularly specific sexuality and cultural project. Thus, we attend to two areas—the influence of the various social engagements associated with Gaydar together with the further extension of its trajectory ‘beyond the web’. Through the case of Gaydar, we contribute a study that recognises the need for attention to sexuality in information systems research and one which illustrates sexuality as a pivotal aspect of culture. We also draw from anthropology to theorise ICTs as cultural artifacts and provide insights into the contemporary phenomena of ICT enabled social networking. 相似文献
16.
本文结合内蒙古伊图塔至白音华新建铁路工程的具体实例,说明采用GPS静态测量作为铁路的首级控制,在此基础上再进行CP1、CP2测量及铁路的中线测量。实践表明,利用GPS技术可以极大程度地提高工作效率,最大程度地减少外业工作量。 相似文献
17.
There is increasing demand for institutional reform in the agricultural sciences. This paper presents lessons from the content and directions in soil science research in India, to make a case for institutional reform in the agricultural sciences. It demonstrates how existing institutional and organizational contexts shape the research content of the soil sciences and its sub-disciplines. These contexts also shape the capacity of the soil sciences to understand and partner with other components of the wider natural resource management (NRM) innovation systems. The professional association has received little attention in the innovation systems literature, even within the nuanced, context specific and historically sensitive accounts of innovation. As a professional association, the Indian Society of Soil Sciences (ISSS) plays a limited role currently, with little engagement with the key professional and social issues that confront the soil sciences. The ISSS is presented here as a potential actor in the NRM innovation systems. The paper argues that with the involvement of the ISSS, the existing discipline-based, commodity oriented, linear and instrumentalist problem solving approach in the soil sciences can be reformed to a learning and partnership based innovation systems approach, enabling professional excellence, field level technology utilization, along with substantial policy and donor support. 相似文献
18.
Over the past decade, education reform and teacher training projects have spent a great deal of effort to create and support sustainable, scalable online communities of education professionals. For the most part, those communities have been created in isolation from the existing local professional communities within which the teachers practice. We argue that focusing on online technology solely as a mechanism to deliver training and/or create online networks places the cart before the horse by ignoring the Internet's even greater potential to help support and strengthen local communities of practice within which teachers work. In this article we seek guideposts to help education technologists understand the nature of local K-12 education communities of practice--specifically their reciprocal relationship with teacher professional development and instructional improvement interventions--as a prerequisite to designing online sociotechnical infrastructure that supports the professional growth of education professionals. 相似文献
19.
Vetter J 《Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences》2008,99(2):273-303
Even as the division between professional scientists and laypeople became sharper by the end of the nineteenth century, the collaboration of local people remained important in scientific fieldwork, especially in sciences such as vertebrate paleontology that required long-term extractive access to research sites. In the North American West, the competition between museums and universities for the best fossil quarry sites involved negotiations with locals. The conflict over differing conceptions of the field site is vividly demonstrated through an examination of one site on the High Plains of western Nebraska in the early twentieth century. This case offers a rare opportunity to see not only how professionals regarded such sites but also how the resident ranching family, the Cooks, attempted to exercise leverage over the scientific fieldwork that took place there. While the Carnegie Museum of Pittsburgh became mired in protracted conflict with the Cooks over discovery claims and the ongoing control of the site, the University of Nebraska and the American Museum of New York developed more harmonious relations with the site's resident ranching family. 相似文献
20.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(4):345-361
Abstract During the late 1990s, photography moved from being a primarily analogue medium to being an almost entirely digital medium. The development of digital cameras and software for working with photographs has led to the wholesale computerization of photography in many different domains. This paper reports on the findings of a study of the social and organizational changes experienced by marine mammal scientists who have changed from film‐based photography to digital photography. This technical change might be viewed as a simple substitution of a digital for an analogue camera, with little significance for how scientists do what they do. However, a perspective anchored in social informatics leads to the expectation that such incremental technical changes can have significant outcomes, changing not only how scientists work, but also the outcomes of their research. This present study finds that key consequences of this change have been the composition of the personnel working on the scientific research teams for marine biology projects and the ways in which these scientists allocate their time. 相似文献