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1.
苹果酯合成工艺研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
研究了合成苹果酯的催化剂固体酸SnCl4/C、固体超强酸SO4^2-/Fe2O3、SO4^2-/TiO2/La^3 、离子交换树脂的催化效能。从中筛选出最佳催化剂-固体超强酸SO4^2-/TiO2/La^3 。使用该催化剂进行苹果酯合成的最佳工艺条件为:当乙酰乙酸乙酯和乙二醇的用量分别为0.1和0.2mol时,催化剂用量为2g,带水剂苯的用量为15mL,反应时间为2h,酯化产率达到了84.7%。  相似文献   

2.
首次报道了以固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12O40/TiO2为多相催化剂,通过氯乙酸和丙醇反应合成了氯乙酸丙酯,并探讨了诸因素对产率的影响。实验表明:TiSiW12O40/TiO2是合成氯乙酸丙酯的良好催化剂,最佳反应条件为:醇酸物质的量比为1.4:1,催化剂用量为反应物料总量的2.0%,反应时间2.0h,反应温度95-110℃。上述条件下,氯乙酸丙酯的产率可达77.14%。  相似文献   

3.
合成固体超强酸催化剂 SO42-/TiO2-La2 O3,并用于合成癸二酸二正己酯。结果表明,500℃焙烧3h 所得催化剂活性最好;采用正交实验法对影响酯化反应的因素进行考察,最优工艺条件:n(酸)∶n(醇)=1∶3.0,催化剂用量1.3%(总物料),反应时间2.5h,最高酯化率为98.5%。且该催化剂具有良好的重复使用和再生能力。  相似文献   

4.
纳米级ZnO-TiO2复合粉体的制备及其性能研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
利用ZnCl2,TiCl4为原料,用共沉淀法合成了ZnO-TiO2复合粉体,采用XRD、TEM和IR测试手段对纳米级的粉体结构和形貌进行研究,结果表明,通过控制反应条件可得到粒径为10-40nm的复合粉体。利用紫外--可见分光光工地检测所得样品的吸收紫外线性能,发现所得纳米ZnO-TiO2复合粉体的紫外吸收性能高于纳米TiO2及市售微米级钛白粉,且纳米ZnO-TiO2复合粉体的紫外吸收随粒径的减小而加强。  相似文献   

5.
固体超强酸TiO2/SO4^2-催化合成硬脂酸乙酯   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以硬脂酸和无水乙醇为原料,固体超强酸TiO2/SO4^2-为催化剂,催化合成硬脂酸乙酯,考察了不同活化温度对催化剂催化活性的影响,原料醇酸比,反应的时间、催化剂的用量等工艺条件对酯化反应产率的影响,并用正交实验优化出较佳的合成条件,即520℃活化的催化剂催化活性最高.较佳的工艺条件是:乙醇:硬脂酸=9:1,催化剂:硬脂酸=0.09:1,反应温度为83℃,反应时间为8h.硬脂酸乙酯产率可达96.5%.  相似文献   

6.
固载杂多酸盐催化合成苯甲酸异戊酯   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
首次报道了以固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12O40/TiO2为多相催化剂,对以苯甲酸和异戊醇为原料合成苯甲酸异戊酯的反应条件进行了研究,实验表明:TiSiW12O40/TiO2是合成苯甲酸异戊酯的良好催化剂,最佳反应条件为:醇酸摩尔比为4:1,催化剂用量为反应物料总量的2.5%,反应时间为2.5h,上述条件下,苯甲酸异戊酯的产率可达83.3%。  相似文献   

7.
以固体超强酸为催化剂,用苯甲酸和异戊醇两种原料,直接酯化合成苯甲酸异戊酯.首先制备固体超强酸SO4^2-/TiO2,然后以此为催化剂进行酯化反应.反映过程中,考察了反应温度,原料配比,催化剂用量,反应时间等酯化反应的影响,由此确定最佳合成工艺条件:反应温度170℃,反应时间3h,异戊醇和苯甲酸摩尔比4:1,催化剂用量2%(以体系总质量计算).由此条件下,其中苯甲酸异戊酯的收率达87.50%.  相似文献   

8.
1mol%TiO2—SnO2薄膜的溶胶—凝胶制备及其气敏特性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以无机盐SnCl2·2H2O为主体原料,以(C4H9O)4Ti为掺杂剂,无水乙醇为溶剂,采用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)工艺制备了TiO2掺杂的SnO2薄膜。采用差热-失重(DTA-TG)及X射线衍射(XRD)等分析手段研究了1mol%TiO2-SnO2薄膜的热分解晶化过程及物相组成。发现1mol%TiO2-SnO2薄膜在常温下对NOx气体具有较好的气敏性能,并可以在不同的工作温度下检测低浓度的NOx及H2S气体。本文还讨论了1mol%TiO2-SnO2薄膜对NOx及H2S的气敏机理。  相似文献   

9.
以对二甲苯为起始原料,经五步反应合成吉非罗齐,总收率为22.7%.其中O-烷基化采用固-液相转移催化技术,对重氮盐的水解和C-烷基化的工艺条件进行了改进,收率明显提高,合成路线原料易得,操作方便,收率稳定.  相似文献   

10.
钛硅分子筛在环境友好工艺过程中发挥着越来越大的作用。该文以TPAOH为模板剂,TEOS,硅溶胶,无定形氧化硅为硅源,合成了TS-1分子筛,重点考察了合成条件对TS-1分子筛晶粒度的影响,并针对苯乙烯氧化反应体系分析了TS-1晶粒度对催化性能的影响。  相似文献   

11.
用改进的SnCl2-TiCl3法测定铁矿石中铁含量,考察了预处理时间、加入SnCl2的量、加入硫-磷混酸的量、还原温度和放置时间对测定结果的影响,做了大量的条件试验,并与经典的SnCl2-HgCl2法进行比较,经试验证明,该方法不仅结果准确度高,精确度好,同时操作简便,且不会给环境带来污染。  相似文献   

12.
通过硝酸镍溶液和尿素溶液,采用均相沉淀法制备出纳米氧化镍,以纳米氧化镍取代传统的普通氧化镍和碳棒一起制成纳米氧化镍电极,应用于铁镍蓄电池中。研究了其电化学性能,比较了纳米氧化镍蓄电池和非纳米氧化镍蓄电池充放电特性,发现前者的放电性能明显优于后者,其充电性能也表现出更好的态势。  相似文献   

13.
论二语习得中母语的正迁移   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
语言迁移是语际错误研究的中心话题。母语迁移在二语习得中既有消极的一面,也有积极的一面。本文从母语迁移在二语习得中的积极作用出发,探讨了母语迁移与二语习得的关系,并提出了对母语迁移的再认识。  相似文献   

14.
通过对化验室常用标准液稳定性较差的硫代硫酸钠标准溶液的分析,认为其标准液的有效期在2个月以内才能保证检验正常、检出的数据有效.  相似文献   

15.
合成对羟基苯甘氨酸乙二醇酯盐酸盐时,对羟基苯甘氨酸∶乙二醇∶氯化亚砜=1∶1.5∶1.5,在-10℃~0℃下酰化8 h,pH=6,将20 mL CH2Cl2直接加入作溶剂,20 mL CH2Cl2与氯化亚砜混合后滴加,滴加时间为2 h~3 h,反应总收率为96%.  相似文献   

16.
Objective: To discuss possible relationships between class In malocclusion and perioral forces by measuring the pressure from the lips and the tongue of children with class nI malocclusion. Methods: Thirty-one children with class In malocclusion were investigated and their perioral forces were measured at rest and during swallowing under natural head position by a custom-made miniperioral force computer measuring system. Results: The resting pressures exerted on the labial side and palatine side of the upper lett incisor, as well as the labial side and lingual side of the lower lett incisor, were 0 g/cm^2, 0 g/cm^2, 0.57 g/cm^2 and 0.23 g/cm^2, respectively. Correspondingly, the swallowing forces were 2.87 g/cm^2, 5.97 g/cm^2, 4.09 g/cm^2 and 7.89 g/cm^2, respectively. No statistical difference between muscular pressure and gender existed. During swallowing, the lingual forces were significantly higher than the labial forces (P〈0.01), however, at rest there was no significantly different force between these two sides. Compared to the normal occlusion patients, children with class Ⅲ malocclusion had lower pedoral forces. The upper labial resting forces (P〈0.01), the lower labial resting forces (P〈0.05) and all the swallowing pressures from the lips and the tongue (P〈0.01) showed statistical differences between the two different occlusion conditions. Meanwhile, no significant difference was found for the resting pressure from the tongue between class Ⅲ malocclusion and normal occlusion. Conclusion: Patients with class Ⅲ malocclusion have lower perioral forces and this muscle hypofunction may be secondary to the spatial relations of the jaws. The findings support the spatial matrix hypothesis.  相似文献   

17.
利用XRD,TPR和活性评价等手段,研究了NiO/γ-Al2O3催化剂的制备方法对CH4与CO2转化制合成气催化活性的影响.在本实验条件下,采用浸渍法和焙烧温度为400℃制备的NiO/γAl2O3(ω=0.113)催化剂,在反应温度为750℃和空速为2500h-1下,对CH4和CO2重整反应会显示良好的催化活性.本文还对催化剂抗积炭性能作初步讨论.  相似文献   

18.
Objective:To discuss possible relationships between class III malocclusion and perioral forces by measuring the pressure from the lips and the tongue of children with class III malocclusion. Methods:Thirty-one children with class III malocclusion were investigated and their perioral forces were measured at rest and during swallowing under natural head position by a custom-made miniperioral force computer measuring system. Results:The resting pressures exerted on the labial side and palatine side of the upper left incisor, as well as the labial side and lingual side of the lower left incisor, were 0 g/cm2, 0 g/cm2, 0.57 g/cm2 and 0.23 g/cm2, respectively. Correspondingly, the swallowing forces were 2.87 g/cm2, 5.97 g/cm2, 4.09 g/cm2 and 7.89 g/cm2, respectively. No statistical difference between muscular pressure and gender existed. During swallowing, the lingual forces were significantly higher than the labial forces (P<0.01), however, at rest there was no significantly different force between these two sides. Compared to the normal occlusion patients, children with class III malocclusion had lower perioral forces. The upper labial resting forces (P<0.01), the lower labial resting forces (P<0.05) and all the swallowing pressures from the lips and the tongue (P<0.01) showed statistical differences between the two different occlusion conditions. Meanwhile, no significant difference was found for the resting pressure from the tongue between class III malocclusion and normal occlusion. Conclusion:Patients with class III malocclusion have lower perioral forces and this muscle hypofunction may be secondary to the spatial relations of the jaws. The findings support the spatial matrix hypothesis.  相似文献   

19.
硫代硫酸钠滴定法测定市售食盐中的碘含量   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
市售加碘盐中的碘素主要以IO3^-的形式存在,而IO3^-在酸性介质中能被I^-还原成I2,生成的I2再用Na2S2O3标准溶液滴定,以淀粉为指示剂,滴定至溶液的蓝色刚好消失为终点,从而求得加碘盐中的碘含量。  相似文献   

20.
n是大于1且适合s(n)=[n/2]的正整数,其中s(n)是n的正规约数和函数;ω(n)是n的不同素因数的个数,P1、P2、…、Pω(n)是n的适合P1<P2<…<Pω(n)的素因数。本文证明了:如果2|n,则必有n=2;如果n为奇数且ω(n)≤2,则必有n=3a,其中a是任意的正整数;如果n为奇数且ω(n)=3,则必有P1=3或者P1=5,P2=7以及11≤P3≤31;如果n为奇数且ω(n)=4,则必有P1=3或者P1=5,7≤P2≤13,11≤P3≤17以及13≤P4≤23。上述结果部分地解决了Graham猜想  相似文献   

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