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1.
原油降解菌的筛选及其降解性能研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从茂名炼油厂附近长期被石油污染的土壤中分离出2株能够以原油为惟一碳源和能源的原油降解菌株,经鉴定分属假单胞菌属和芽孢杆菌属。进一步研究了2株菌原油降解特性及其影响因素,结果表明：2株菌5d原油平均降解率分别为42．8％和44．7％;在pH接近7．0,NaCI的质量浓度为10g/L,表面活性剂吐温-80的质量浓度为40mg／L时降解效果最佳。 相似文献
2.
从受石油产品污染土壤中筛选出5株石油降解菌,并通过生理生化实验对其进行了初步鉴定。石油降解能力的测定结果表明,其中KF-2、KF-4两株菌均为微球菌属Microrococcussp．）,石油降解能力较强,其单菌落接种20天后石油降解率分别可以达到76．21％、74．82％。在对这两株菌的降解特征的进一步探究中发现：KF-2菌株在NH4NO3作为氮源的条件下石油降解率较高;而KF—4在（NH4）2SO4作为氮源的条件下石油降解率较高。环境pH为7时,KF-2、KF-4的石油降解率都最高。混合菌的试验表明,KF-2、KF-4混合菌的降解效果明显好于各单菌株接种降解效果。 相似文献
3.
目的:分离鉴定新疆牧民家庭自制的4份奶酪样品中的6株乳酸菌,研究其益生特性。创新点:通过对新疆传统发酵乳制品中乳酸菌的分离及其抗氧化和降脂特性的测定,筛选到益生特性良好同时也能延长模式生物秀丽线虫寿命的菌株。方法:对分离自传统发酵乳制品中的乳酸菌进行生理生化分析和16S rDNA分子生物学鉴定,筛选出6株乳酸菌,并测定其耐酸、耐胆盐、抑菌、亲水性和共聚集能力;测定其抗氧化、降解胆固醇和甘油三酯的能力;测定乳酸菌对秀丽线虫寿命的影响。结论:实验表明,该6株菌具有较好的耐酸性,在胆盐环境中也有较好的存活率。同时,这6株菌均有清除自由基和降解脂肪的能力。此外,其中3株具有延长秀丽线虫寿命的能力。综上所述,这6株菌具有较好的益生特性,可作为优良的潜在益生菌株。 相似文献
4.
《淮北师范大学学报》2017,(3):37-42
从长期受多菌灵污染的土壤中,通过培养试验和紫外分光光度计法,筛选出一株能较好降解多菌灵的细菌,并将其命名为C4.根据菌落形态、生理生化特性及16S rDNA序列的同源性分析等,初步鉴定为细杆菌属.多菌灵降解菌C4能够适应较广的温度范围,且在30℃生长最好,降解效果最优.当初始p H为7.0,且通气量大的时候,该菌株生长最好,降解率最高.在一定的NaCl浓度范围内,降解菌C4都能生长,且当盐浓度为35 g·L~(-1)时,降解率最高,结合实验所得数据,本次实验选择10 g·L~(-1).在最优降解条件下,降解菌C4在5~6 d内,几乎可以完全降解100 mg·L~(-1)的多菌灵,平均降解能力为18.5 mg·L~(-1)·d~(-1). 相似文献
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实验以B3（Pseudom-onas）、B6（Bacil-lus）、B7（Bacil-lus）、D4（Pseudom-onas）为石油降解菌,通过单因素实验,研究了培养时间、石油浓度、温度、溶氧量、初始pH值等因素对各单菌降解石油性能的影响,确定了各菌最适宜的石油降解条件.四株菌在纱布封口1、60 r/min振荡培养12 d较为适宜,它们适宜的降油石油浓度、温度和初始pH是：B3为4 000 mg/L、32℃、pH8.4,B6为3 000 mg/L、32℃、pH 7.3,B7为4 000 mg/L、26℃、pH7.3,D4为3 000 mg/L、26℃、Ph 7.3. 相似文献
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8.
两株草甘膦降解真菌的分离及其降解效能研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
草甘膦是目前世界上广泛使用的一种有机磷除草剂,长期大量使用所造成的环境污染已不容忽视.微生物降解是生物修复草甘膦污染土壤的有效途径之一.从受草甘膦污染严重土壤中富集、筛选并分离到6株降解菌,包括2株细菌,4株真菌.选取降解效果较好的两株真菌HS-04和HS-05进行了初步研究.结果表明,HS-04和HS-05均能以草甘膦作为唯一的碳源和氮源生长.在基础培养基中,30℃、150 rpm条件下,6 d内对浓度为200 m g/L的草甘膦的降解率分别为85%和91%.两株真菌在草甘膦浓度为400~600 m g/L时生长较好. 相似文献
9.
旨在为秸秆类木质纤维素沼气工业化奠定科学基础,以滤纸作为纤维素材料对不同发酵原料和发酵时期的沼气池菌系进行驯化和筛选,并研究其中温条件下对麦秸、玉米秸和滤纸的降解特性.采用减重法、分光光度法和蒸馏法分别测定复合菌系在发酵过程中的纤维素降解能力、复合菌系生物量和发酵液中挥发性有机酸.结果显示：发酵原料和发酵时期的菌源纤维素降解能力有较大差异,来自粪便池源的复合菌系在发酵前期纤维素降解力强,而秸秆池源的复合菌系在发酵后期纤维素降解力强.粪源产气稳定期的复合菌系F6的降解能力最强,对纤维素降解能力由高到低依次为滤纸、麦秸和玉米秸. 相似文献
10.
李毅然 《商丘师范学院学报》2011,27(6):64-68
以F3（Trichodermasp.）、F5（Aspergillussp.）、F6（Aspergillussp.）为石油降解菌,通过单因素实验,研究了温度、石油浓度、振荡速度、初始pH、菌液投加量对各菌降解石油的影响.实验结果表明,影响因素对各微生物降解石油以及它们自身的生长都有较大影响.通过对实验结果进行分析,确定了各单菌降解石油的最佳单因素条件.为利用微生物治理石油污染环境提供了一些基本理论数据. 相似文献
11.
In order to investigate the nature of international crude oil futures and present evidence of long memory and nonlinear dependence for crude oil futures volatility as well as returns, a certain number of recent statistical tests, such as the powerful BDS test, the fractional integration test and other known statistics, are applied. The results show that though the returns themselves contain little serial correlation, the market volatility series have significant long-term dependence structures which may have important implications for volatility forecasts and derivative pricing. On the other hand, evidence of strong ARCH effect is also presented, and, moreover, the BDS statistics on the standardized residuals of the fitted GARCH model indicate that the ARCH-type process may generally explain the nonlinearities in the data. It seems that the crude oil futures market can be appropriately modeled by ARCH and fractal processes. These findings indicate that it would be beneficial to assess the behavior of the crude oil and price the oil derivative contracts by encompassing long memory and nonlinear structure. 相似文献
12.
Biodegradation of crude oil by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the presence of rhamnolipids 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
INTRODUCTION Oily wastewater, especially from oil field, hasposed a great hazard for terrestrial and marine eco-systems. The traditional treatment of oily wastewater,such as containment and collection using floatingbooms, adsorption by natural or synthetic materials,etc., can not degrade the crude oil thoroughly (Ollis,1992). So far, biodegradation suggests an effectivemethod. During biodegradation, crude oil is used asan organic carbon source by a microbial process,resulting in the brea… 相似文献
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我国西北地区生产及进口的原油在全国原油产量及加工量中占据重要比例,对长庆、青海、哈萨克斯坦、南疆、北疆5种原油实沸点蒸馏表明,进口原油具有较高的轻质油收率,北疆原油轻质油收率最低,长庆、青海、南疆原油轻质油收率几乎相当。对5种原油145℃及180℃轻质馏分分析表明,长庆原油145℃馏分比较适合做催化重整原料,其180℃馏分作为重整原料和裂解原料均各有利弊,其余四种原油的180℃馏分均适宜做裂解原料。采用NMP对原油180℃馏分进行抽提预处理后抽余油与原料相比,其裂解性能有较大提高。 相似文献
14.
Zhang Guo-liang Wu Yue-ting Qian Xin-ping Meng Qin 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2005,6(8):725-730
The potential biodegradation of crude oil was assessed based on the development of a fermentative process with a strain ofPseudomonas aeruginosa which produced 15.4 g/L rhamnolipids when cultured in a basal mineral medium using glycerol as a sole carbon source. However,
neither cell growth nor rhamnolipid production was observed in the comparative culture system using crude oil as the sole
carbon source instead. As rhamnolipid, an effective biosurfactant, has been reported to stimulate the biodegradation of hydrocarbons,
1 g/L glycerol or 0.22 g/L rhamnolipid was initially added into the medium to facilitate the biodegradation of crude oil.
In both situations, more than 58% of crude oil was degraded and further converted into accumulated cell biomass and rhamnolipids.
These results suggest thatPseudomonas aeruginosa could degrade most of crude oil with direct or indirect addition of rhamnolipid. And this conclusion was further supported
by another adsorption experiment, where the adsorption capacity of crude oil by killed cell biomass was negligible in comparison
with the biologic activities of live cell biomass.
Project supported by Science Foundation from China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation, China 相似文献
15.
Lu-jun CHAI Xia-wei JIANG Fan ZHANG Bei-wen ZHENG Fu-chang SHU Zheng-liang WANG Qing-feng CUI Han-ping DONG Zhong-zhi ZHANG Du-jie HOU Yue-hui SHE 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2015,16(10):865-874
In this study, we isolated an environmental clone of Ochrobactrum intermedium, strain 2745-2, from the formation water of Changqing oilfield in Shanxi, China, which can degrade crude oil. Strain 2745-2 is aerobic and rod-shaped with optimum growth at 42 °C and pH 5.5. We sequenced the genome and found a single chromosome of 4 800 175 bp, with a G+C content of 57.63%. Sixty RNAs and 4737 protein-coding genes were identified: many of the genes are responsible for the degradation, emulsification, and metabolizing of crude oil. A comparative genomic analysis with related clinical strains (M86, 229E, and LMG3301T) showed that genes involved in virulence, disease, defense, phages, prophages, transposable elements, plasmids, and antibiotic resistance are also present in strain 2745-2. 相似文献
16.
李金华 《零陵师范高等专科学校学报》2008,(7):153-156
从1994年我国动议燃油税改革到今天已经过去了14年,燃油税至今仍未出台,国际油价却在一路冲高,原油期货价格已冲至100多美元一桶。广大车主一方面承担着高油价,一方面缴纳着不菲的养路费,社会各界都在呼吁尽快开征燃油税,以实现节约能源和社会公平。本文即通过对相关问题分析来探讨我国燃油税改革复杂背景和影响。 相似文献
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原油破乳剂能够破坏原油中油和水的乳化状态,促使油水分离,对原油进行脱盐、脱水,所以破乳剂的选择对脱后含盐的合格率有直接的作用。通过对原油破乳剂的改进,使脱盐原油的合格率提高到98%,降低了能耗和加工成本,满足生产的要求。 相似文献
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针对沈抚高凝原油加热降凝输送存在的能耗过高的问题,进行了添加降凝剂的降凝输送工艺试验。试验结果表明,当添加降凝剂CN1—6H的质量浓度为100mg/L,热处理温度为80℃时,降凝幅度达10℃;同时还可改善原油的低温表观流动性,降黏率达20%;降凝剂CN1—6H性能稳定,可以满足降凝降温输送的要求,减少燃料油费用,经济效益显著。 相似文献