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1.
Manjula D. Sharma Alberto Mendez John W. O’Byrne 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(11):1375-1389
The School of Physics at the University of Sydney has introduced voluntary workshop tutorials in large first‐year courses. The tutorials are based on informal cooperative groupings with structured worksheets and short hands‐on activities. In this study we explore the relationship between attendance at the workshop tutorials and student performance in examinations. We show that about 80% of the students attend more than two‐thirds of the voluntary tutorials. Discounting the students who attend very few tutorials, on average, examination marks improve significantly with increased tutorial attendance. In particular, on average, students with poor senior high school scores have significantly better examination marks if they work in the same group for eight or more tutorials than those who do not work in the same groups. There is evidence that the improvement in examination performance is more pronounced in qualitative concept questions, most dramatically again for students who did poorly in senior high school. 相似文献
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Anna Turula 《Technology, Pedagogy and Education》2018,27(2):233-250
The article investigates a system of academic education called tutoring implemented in a blended format. It looks at this teaching and learning experience based on the results of a student satisfaction survey (N = 9) as well as the analysis of the discourse between the tutor and six tutees recorded during four meetings: two traditional and two cloud tutorials. It is argued here that the blended format is a good solution which enables the two modes to reinforce each other and compensate for each other’s deficiencies. By offering more interaction and establishing good rapport, the face-to-face meetings develop social presence. In turn, cognitive presence is stronger in the online tutorials, in which the students appear to have reached higher levels of critical thinking. What is more, these two types of tutorials appear to pave the way for each other. 相似文献
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Eleven tutor counsellors in the British Open University were interviewed to ascertain how they responded to the idea of using a facilitative teaching style in their tutorials. Their responses have been analysed by a systems model of the tutorial process which indicates the extent to which they possessed a coherent framework, appropriate for teaching in a distance education teaching system. The interviews revealed factors which have echoes in student learning research and which, taken together, offer a tentative explanation of why some tutor counsellors were more amenable to changing their teaching styles than others. This has implications for staff development, not only in distance education systems but for teaching in general. 相似文献
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Since 1974 the University of the South Pacific has been conducting tutorials using the medium of radio via the satellite ATS‐1. That experience is reviewed.
A series of case‐study tutorial recordings and a number of Flanders‐type interaction analyses in two different semesters have gathered information about tutor and student behaviour. Observations reveal that there has been less student participation than is desirable in tutorials. Student and tutor perceptions of satellite classes show that they are valued additions to the basic distant teaching elements which are delivered by post, and that student contribution to the tutorials is desired. Following interventions to improve the quality and effectiveness of the classes there are indications that desirable changes are taking place. 相似文献
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Law education at the University of Limburg (Maastricht, The Netherlands) features small-group tutorials alternating with periods of independent study. Every group of 10 students was tutored by a staff member or an undergraduate student from the third or fourth year. Students guided by a staff member scored significantly higher on a test designed to measure higher order cognitive skills than students guided by a student tutor. Student tutors were rated no differently from staff tutors with respect to the way they stimulated learning processes, directed the discussion content and monitored the discussion process. It seems that in a quantitative way, staff tutors and student tutors behave more or less the same. Qualitatively, however, there may be differences in their behavior which the tutor functioning questionnaire is unable to tap. Interventions of staff tutors may be more to the point than those of student tutors due to the fact that they are experts in their fields. 相似文献
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E. Alpay P. S. Cutler S. Eisenbach A. J. Field 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2010,35(1):17-32
We describe and evaluate an approach to student learning that aims to instil a culture of formative assessment based on peer-assisted learning. The idea is for suitably qualified undergraduates to assist in the running of weekly first-year tutorials. They mark submitted work, provide written and verbal feedback and lead problem-solving discussions during tutorials. However, contrary to normal practice, the marks they award do not contribute to the students’ end-of-year total; all tutorial work becomes essentially voluntary. We report results from a pilot implementation of the scheme over a 12 month period in an engineering department at a leading academic institution. The scheme was such that a comparative and triangulated assessment was possible among the students and tutor team. Results show no discernible degradation in student attendance, submission rates and performance in either the weekly exercises or end-of-year examinations. Important benefits to the peer tutors are also found. 相似文献
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Giovanna Scataglini-Belghitar John Mason 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2012,10(4):927-953
During a sequence of tutorials conducted by the first author, it became evident that students were not seeing how to apply the theorem concerning a continuous function on a closed and bounded interval attaining its extreme values in situations in which it is necessary first to construct the closed and bounded interval by reasoning about properties concerning asymptotes. The paper describes 1 tutorial with 10 students and a follow-up revision session with 2 of the students the same day concerning the use of this theorem in which the tutor used the pedagogic strategy of learner-generated examples. The students’ responses and the tutor’s observations are analysed using constructs of example spaces, structure of attention and dimensions of possible variation. 相似文献
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Fourth-year medical students were allocated randomly to either problem-based learning (PBL) or case-based learning (CBL) tutorials on the topic of eating disorders during their 6-week psychiatry attachment. All students were evaluated in terms of their tutorial performance and the factual knowledge they had acquired. In turn, students evaluated the performance of the tutors in both the PBL and the CBL process. No significant differences were found between the student groups with respect to their performance or acquired knowledge. Furthermore, there were no significant differences when comparing the PBL format with the CBL format with regard to group functioning or oral interaction between students. Finally, student ratings for tutor performance on feedback, group management skills and personal qualities showed no differences. Implications for education are discussed. 相似文献
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Simone Alvarez Christoph Nikendei Jobst‐Hendrik Schultz 《Anatomical sciences education》2017,10(5):495-502
Even though peer tutors are often used in gross anatomy courses, research in the field is rather a subject of the last two decades. This is especially true about the didactical challenges these types of peer tutors experience during their tutorials and about how they are prepared for the task. The aim of the presented study was to learn about the training needs of the tutors, and to subsequently design, implement, and evaluate a didactical training concept. A qualitative design was chosen to examine how tutors can best be prepared for tutorials of gross anatomy. To do so, focus group interviews were conducted. The data were analyzed and grouped into various concepts, using semi‐structured interview questions as guidance. It was found that peer tutors are in need of training in the following aspects: Dealing with students who are experiencing difficulties during or as a result of dissection, dealing with group dynamics, that is, at the dissection table, keeping students motivated, time management, and staying confident as a tutor. In order to be regarded as useful and relevant in the eyes of tutors, a preparatory training course should include all these aspects in addition to general didactical training elements. Training needs of peer tutors of gross anatomy go beyond the content of standardized didactical curricula; therefore, tutors should be prepared with a curriculum that is specifically geared toward the many challenges associated with teaching gross anatomy to first year medical students which are already so well documented in the research literature. Anat Sci Educ 10: 495–502. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists. 相似文献
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Ina Louw 《Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning》2013,21(3):320-335
ABSTRACTTutorials/discussion classes1 are seen as an essential part of the teaching mix in the natural sciences, because that is where problems can be solved and course content is applied. Learning support provided by teaching assistants may free up the lecturer to do research, but are these assistants sufficiently well trained and well informed? Do tutorials offer learning spaces or merely activities to engage the willing student? In this paper I report on a study conducted in a science faculty of a research intensive university in South Africa. I collected data using interviews and questionnaires which gave insight into the many variants of tutor/teaching assistant2 support that exist in the faculty. Practices that seem to lead to better student learning were also foregrounded. It became evident that lecturers need to plan their tutorials as an integral part of the learning space and not as an add-on activity. 相似文献
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远程开放教育中教师的导学艺术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在远程开放教育中，教师的导学具有重要作用。导学贯串于远程教学的全过程。在导学过程中，教师要做到导之有理；导之有据，包括以教学目标为基础，以学生个性为依据，以学科特点为依据；导之有序，分为入学的引导，学法的指导，重点难点的辅导和活动的向导；导之有方，包括目标性、启发性、积极性、服务性、多样性和实效性等原则和导之有效，包括师生沟通、信息反馈和质量监控。 相似文献
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This study lies at the crossroads between the study of tutoring interactions and the study of communicative skills in young children. Our goal was to show that in a tutor-novice problem solving situation, the frequency and the nature of the novice’s requests vary with the type of tutor. Three groups of twelve 30 months-old children (novices) were observed in interaction with a child tutor, their mother, and a female experimenter as they performed two assembly tasks. We examined the frequency, form, and content of the children’s requests for help, and their connection with some of the tutor’s actions. The main results showed that the children made more requests of adult tutors, and that direct forms were more frequent with the mother than with a child tutor. The results also indicated that these differences were not due to request-inducing or inhibiting actions on the part of the tutor. It is concluded that young novices are capable of adapting their help requests to the characteristics of their tutors. 相似文献
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This paper describes a qualitative study of asynchronous electronic conferencing by three tutorial groups on the same postgraduate course (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages Worldwide), forming part of an MA in Applied Linguistics (via Distance Education) at the Open University, UK. The groups varied in the degree to which the tutor participated in the discussion and in whether the tutor's input took the form of responding to student posts or the setting of tasks to scaffold the learners' development of academic skills. It is argued that the least interventionist strategy in terms of tutor response and task-setting resulted in the least productive conference discussion in terms of both communicative interaction and academic development, while a more interventionist role by the tutor depended for its success on characteristics of the tutor input and the task set. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to investigate how the use of CAI tutorial programs, incorporating advance organizers and involving various sizes of groups of subjects, would affect students' achievement scores, retention scores, and rates of learning. Used as subjects were 100 suburban high school physics students running interactive tutorial physics programs focusing on strobe simulation and displacement-time and velocity-time graphs. For fifty students (experimental group) an advance organizer program preceded each tutorial. The remaining fifty students (control group) had an advance non-organizer program preceding each tutorial. While pursuing the tutorials the students worked individually or together in groups of two, three, or four. Five days were allocated for the students to repeat the four tutorials until 90% competency level was attained. Achievement and retention were measured by individually administered paper-pencil teacher-made tests sampling the content of all four tutorials. Rate of learning was determined for groups by the number of times the first three tutorial programs were executed in order to attain 90% competency. In the two-way analysis of variance the only significant result at the 0.05 level pertained to group size. Results of the Tukey Test revealed that students working in groups of three and four on CAI tutorials had significantly better rates of learning than students working alone. No significant differences in achievement or retention were observed for the various groups. The implications for using CAI tutorials in physics point to grouping students in fours as a time saving and economic method of presenting material without significant loss of achievement or retention. 相似文献
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Barbara Jaworski 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2002,51(1-2):71-94
Data from observations of first year university mathematics tutorials were analyzed to elicit characteristics of teaching
using a tool, the teaching triad, developed in earlier research. Analysis explored elements of `sensitivity to students' and
`mathematical challenge' in the observed teaching. Initial analyses suggested teaching to consist mainly of tutor exposition
and closed questions embodying little challenge for the student. More finely grained analyses provided insights into pedagogic
processes relating teaching actions, processes and strategies and their learning outcomes, and providing alternative perspectives
on sensitivity and challenge. The research, distinctively, shows approaches to analyzing teaching that start to address tutor-student
interactions related to cognitive construction of mathematics (here abstract algebra) by undergraduates within the social
dimensions of the tutorial setting.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Hyunsong Kim Dongsik Kim 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2008,39(3):522-537
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of coordination support (tool support and tutor support) on the development of shared mental models (SMMs) and coordinated action in a computer-supported collaborative learning environment. Eighteen students were randomly assigned to one of three conditions, including the tool condition, the tutor condition, and the control condition (two groups per condition). Groups in the tool condition were given the task management tools; groups in the tutor condition received assistance from a tutor about coordination; and the control groups did not receive any support. SMMs were assessed on a 5-point Likert scale and coordinated action was analysed by examining learners' logfiles. The findings of this study suggest that tool support facilitates the development of SMMs and promotes coordinated action of each group. 相似文献
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Teaching science through online,peer discussions: SpeakEasy in the Knowledge Integration Environment
Christopher M. Hoadley Marcia C. Linn 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(8):839-857
In 1995, cooperative learning tutorials were introduced into large first year physics classes at the University of Sydney. This paper describes the effect of these cooperative learning tutorials, called Workshop Tutorials, on student learning from both a quantitative and qualitative point of view. It was found that students attending more than half the total number of tutorials scored significantly better over the year than those attending less than half. Student reaction was almost wholly positive, with particular mention made of the voluntary nature of the tutorials as well as the use of practical, 'hands on' demonstrations within the tutorials. 相似文献
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Derek Van Ittersum 《Technical Communication Quarterly》2014,23(3):227-246
This article examines tutorials from the Web site, Instructables.com, to highlight the rhetorical possibilities of including personal narratives in instructions. The narratives in these tutorials offer detailed accounts of their authors’ experiences when constructing their projects, thereby functioning as accounts of the authors’ craft knowledge. Pitched to amateur hobbyists, rather than the professional audiences of many forms of conventional technical communication, these tutorials offer new ways of teaching craft knowledge and techniques. 相似文献