共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
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杨彬 《蒙自师范高等专科学校学报》2004,2(5):66-68
传统逻辑学的演绎推理是在一定的条件限制之下进行的。直言命题变形推理形式"SAP→SOP"的成立,超出了传统逻辑理论中"前提中不周延的项在结论中不得周延"这一普遍规律的限制。我们可以把"SAP→SOP"这一推理形式看成直言命题变形推理中的特例,但不应该把它看成亚里士多德开创的传统逻辑学的缺欠和不足。 相似文献
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谈谈词项逻辑中的几个问题 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
余俊伟 《淮北职业技术学院学报》2006,5(2):11-14
“一个三段论有且只有三个概念”是构成三段论的条件,不是三段论规则。对当关系中的真假不定不能看作是一简单命题用于假言三段论。词项逻辑中涉及预设的地方仅为有限量换位推理,两个全称前提推出特称结论的三段论推理及反对关系推理和下反对关系推理所需预设均为:主项存在。从操作层面上看周延规则不是普遍适用的;从深层次来看,如考虑到预设,那么周延规则是普遍适用的。 相似文献
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论直言命题的存在含义--对一个老问题的系统思考 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
陈波 《湘潭师范学院学报(社会科学版)》2003,25(1):10-12
词项逻辑有一个实质性假定：即直言命题的主项和谓项只能指涉由实存个体组成的一个非空非全的类。但它同时又试图发展成为一个纯形式的理论，该实质性假定不参加其具体的推理过程，由此导致一些奇怪的结果：如每一步都正确的一个推理过程，其最终结果却违反了它的推理规则。解决的办法就是去掉该实质性假定，像现代逻辑一样纯形式地发展其理论。 相似文献
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王启 《开封教育学院学报》2008,28(2)
从现代逻辑的角度看,传统逻辑在主项存在问题上存在有严重缺陷。去掉直言命题的存在含义后,将会给传统的词项逻辑理论带来很大影响。在主项为空时,关于直言命题的对当关系推理、换质推理、换位推理和三段论推理等许多推理形式不再普遍有效。 相似文献
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戴春勤 《信阳师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》2008,28(1):68-70
传统词项逻辑预设直言命题主项非空,尽管可以使包括单称命题在内的对当关系全面成立,但是又带来词项逻辑不再具有普适性等诸多问题。因此,现代逻辑学家放弃了存在预设。由于三段论规则仅仅是判定规则,而不是推理规则,那么,被判定为有效的三段论是如何从前提得出结论的？除了运用欧拉图、文恩图和化归方法等外,还可以运用概念（词项）的限制或者概括方法从一个三段论的前提必然地得出结论。 相似文献
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李谦益 《中国小学语文教学论坛》1985,(9)
人们在日常生活、学习和工作中,经常要用到推理。为了保证推理形式的正确,必须遵守推理规则。规则中涉及到概念的周延性。怎样分辨一个判断中的概念周延与否呢?这里,向大家介绍一条好记、易懂、实用的口诀:特主肯宾不周延。口诀的意思是:一般说一个简单的判断中,特称判断的主词,肯定判断的宾词是不周延的,余皆周延。一个简单的判断.通常由主词、宾词和系词组成。主词相当于陈述句中的主语部分,宾词和系词相当于陈述句中的谓语部分。起联系作用的“是”、“不是”。“有”、“没有”,“等于”、“不等于”等是系词。如“语言学是科学”这一判断中, 相似文献
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周延性规则是词项逻辑中的一个重要推理规则,但它并不是一个普遍适用的规则。通过用不相容性代替传统的方式来刻画周延性,得到一个新的周延性定义。基于新的周延性定义,周延性规则普遍适用。再修改周延性规则和增加两条三段论规则,就可以得到一个新的三段论推理规则系统,从而建立一个统一的周延性理论。 相似文献
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基于词项逻辑的逻辑常项即词项联结词A、E、I、O的逻辑性质如对称性、周延性(范围和方向),可以建立三段论的新方法———替换中项法,来同时解决三段论的判定问题、直接的推理或者直接的证明问题,最后形成包括24个经典有效式的非经典三段论体系。经典三段论的规则立足于直言命题的四个组成要素:主项,谓项,量项和联项来判定三段论的有效性是不恰当的。 相似文献
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李益 《中国小学语文教学论坛》1985,(9)
知识短文中指出:一个正确的三段论,必须具备两个条件,一是前提真实,二是推理正确。为了保证推理过程正确,必须遵守四条主要原则:①不能有四概念,②中词至少有一次是周延的,③两个前提不能都是否定的,④在前提中不周延的概念,在结论中不能周延。为了让学生把这一知识转变为能力,我指导学生运用分步筛选的方法,收到了较好的效果。第一步看前提是否真实。如果前提真实,那么,第二步看两个前提是 相似文献
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《海外英语》2007,(5):10-11
Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help? 相似文献
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罗艳萍 《读与写:教育教学刊》2008,5(6)
The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity. 相似文献
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《海外英语》2007,(4):36
There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love. 相似文献
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Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject. 相似文献
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Richard Denner 《海外英语》2007,(4):14-15
Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose. 相似文献
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Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F. 相似文献
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Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities. 相似文献