共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 930 毫秒
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跳深着地阶段下肢所测肌肉的表面肌电活动特征研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用ME6000T16和Kistler三维测力台对12名一级运动员和12名三级运动员在正常状态下和在相对疲劳状态下(完成较大负荷练习后)完成不同下落高度跳深的完整动作进行了同步测试.测试结果表明:正常状态完成不同下落高度跳深时,同一名运动员下肢所测肌肉所表现出的表面肌电活动变化趋势和肌肉的协调模式是一致的;不同运动员在同一下落高度跳深时,同名肌肉的表面肌电活动的强度和变化趋势存在差异,尽管这块肌肉在下肢肌肉活动时所起的作用相同.相对疲劳状态下(完成较大负荷练习后)跳深时,着地阶段运动员所测肌肉的表面肌电活动变化趋势和所测肌肉问的协同关系发生了较大改变等. 相似文献
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采用运动学和动力学相结合的生物力学研究方法对跳高运动员下肢肌的承受能力进行研究,得出如下主要结论:①跳深纵跳练习可以作为提高跳高运动员起跳能力的专项练习;②跳高运动员起跳腿的承受能力直接影响缓冲和蹬伸过程,并最终影响起跳效果;③膝关节和踝关节,尤其是踝关节是二级跳高运动员下肢承受能力的薄弱环节。同时膝关节是最大缓冲时刻的“关键性环节”;④二级跳高运动员产生最大反跳高度的适宜高度为(35.0±4.56)cm,最大反跳高度为(48.00±3.78)cm;⑤适宜高度跳深的冲击载荷与摸高成绩、适宜高度跳深纵跳的反跳高度与助跑摸高成绩均呈高度相关,两者均是评价运动员起跳能力的重要指标。 相似文献
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应用kistler三维测力台和NE6000T16道便携式无线遥测表面肌电测试系统等仪器，同步对不同等级的跳跃类运动员在不同状态下的不同下落高度的跳深进行了测试。测试结果表明，正常状态下跳深时，运动员足着地前下肢所测的大部分肌肉均已“预激活”；运动员足着地前下肢所测肌肉的“预激活”模式因人而异；运动员下肢肌肉“预激活”的个体模式，不随跳深下落高度的变化而发生本质性的变化；下肢肌肉疲劳会导致下肢所测肌肉的“预激活”模式发生变化。 相似文献
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郭建龙 《山东体育学院学报》2007,23(6):68-71
同步使用Kistler三维测力平台、TM-6710CL高速摄像机和16道便携式无线遥测表面肌电测系统,对从不同下落高度跳深的12名田径跳跃运动员进行了测试,测试结果表明:受试者跳深着地阶段缓冲期的积分肌电值大于蹬伸期值;正常状态下跳深时,下肢所测大多数肌肉的表面积分肌电值均比相对疲劳状态下的值大;较低下落高度跳深时,所测肌肉表面肌电平均功率频率值大于较高下落高度时的值;正常状态跳深时,下肢所测肌肉表面肌电的平均功率频率值大于相对疲劳状态跳深时的值。 相似文献
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目的:采集不同高度跳深训练动作动力学数据,测量自不同高度平台下落着地前下肢肌肉活性,比较不同高度对下肢肌肉预激活调节的影响.方法:对未经系统跳深训练的16名健康男性受试者进行低、最佳、高三种平台高度的跳深练习,记录每次跳深动作着地前150 ms内腓肠肌内侧头、股直肌、股外侧肌、胫骨前肌、股二头肌的表面肌电信号,计算积分肌电和最大振幅.记录跳深动作过程腾空时间和着地支撑时间,计算平均输出功率.结果:最佳高度条件下腾空时间最长,低平台条件下跳深输出功率最高.除腓肠肌内侧头以外,其他肌肉预激活均随着跳深平台高度增加而增加.多数肌肉预激活显著性差异出现在低-高之间,低-最佳、最佳.高之间肌肉预激活差异性不显著.结论:高于最佳高度时下肢肌肉预激活与地面反作用力不协调.跳深输出功率是较恰当的下肢超等长训练参数.实践中采用跳深法对下肢肌肉进行爆发力训练时,宜以最佳高度或低于最佳高度的形式. 相似文献
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超等长力量训练中的跳深纵跳练习对跨栏运动员机体能力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用超等长量训练法,根据跨栏跑项目的运动特征,对运动员进行连续跳深纵跳练习,通过对比实验,探明了连续跳深纵跳法对跨栏运动员专项成绩及机体的影响。 相似文献
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跳深练习在跳跃运动训练中已被广泛运用,许多学者和教练员对跳深练习做了可贵的探索,但是对男子三级跳远运动员运用跳深的研究仍不多见。本文试图阐述跳深练习的原理以及三级跳远运动员运用跳深训练的力学特征,希望对三级跳远运动员的训练有现实指导意义。一、研究对象与方法研究对象:浙江省10名一二级水平的男子三级跳远运动员。研究方法:运动学测试法。二、跳深练习的生理学依据跳深练习是典型的超等长练习,是人体利用自身的体重所产生的冲量迫使下肢肌肉离心收缩后紧接着进行向心收缩的跳跃运动,它能使下肢肌肉在向心收缩前预先拉长,肌肉… 相似文献
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运动训练中,有些教练员和运动员,采用跳深练习作为提高起跳能力的手段,但跳深对于提高起跳能力究竟有什么作用,还有待证明。本文通过跳深和原地纵跳的起跳阶段某些下肢肌积分肌电图的变化,探讨跳深能否提高起跳能力的问题。 1 研究对象和方法对体育系男生10人,采用表面电极引导,记录跳深(高度70厘米)和原地纵跳的缓冲阶段和起跳阶段股外侧肌、胫骨前肌、比目鱼肌和趾长屈肌积分肌电图 相似文献
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下肢肌肉储能大小和再利用率反映了运动员下肢肌的力量素质和动作技术的优劣 ,也是评定运动员下肢肌肉力量素质的动力学指标。我们采用高速摄影和三维测力 ,对 6名运动员在跳跃踏跳中 ,下肢肌肉的储能大小、负功利用率及其影响因素进行了研究。试验结果表明 :1 .外负荷变化时 ,踏跳缓冲结束瞬时肌肉的力值不同 ,且存在极值 ,此极值的大小与运动员的力量素质有关。 2 .下肢肌肉的储能与缓冲结束瞬时的力值之间有一定的比例关系 ,当肌肉受到一个最佳的拉伸力时 ,肌肉储能最多。 3.肌肉在向心收缩过程 ,对其在离心收缩过程中肌肉所做的负功的利用率 ,随着外负荷的增大而降低 相似文献
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Gavin L. Moir 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2013,17(4):207-218
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of different methods to calculate vertical jump height in men and women. Fifty men and 50 women performed three countermovement vertical jumps for maximal height on a force platform, the highest of which was used in the statistical analyses. The peak displacement attained by the center of mass (COM) during flight was obtained from three different calculations: (1) using the time in the air (TIA), (2) using the vertical velocity of the COM at take-off (TOV), and (3) adding the positive vertical displacement of the COM prior to take-off to the height calculated using TOV (TOV+s). With all calculations, men produced significantly greater jump heights than women (p < 0.05). TIA produced significantly greater jump heights than TOV in men and women, while TOV+s produced significantly greater jump heights than both TIA and TOV in men and women (p < 0.05). Despite these differences, the methods produced consistent results for both men and women. All calculation methods have logical validity, depending upon the definition of jump height used. Therefore, the method used to calculate jump height should be determined by the equipment available to the practitioner while giving consideration to the sources of error inherent in each method. Based upon the present findings, when using a force platform to calculate vertical jump height, practitioners are encouraged to use the TOV method. 相似文献
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不同专项运动员骨骼肌弹性能利用率的比较 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
对24名专业队田径运动员、30名业余体校田径运动员、12名专业队举重运动员和30名中学生进行了反向跳和不同高度的下落跳测试，比较弹性能利用率。结果表明，弹性能利用率存在性别差异，男性受试者弹性能利用率高于女性；弹性能利用率存在专项差异，男子跳高运动员的弹性能利用率高于男子中长跑运动员，女子举重运动员的弹性能利用率高于女子跳跃和短跑运动员。女子跳远、女子跳高运动员的弹性能利用率与身体素质水平和专项成绩呈显著性的相关。 相似文献
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目的：探讨不同离心负荷激活干预对后激活增强效应所产生的影响及有效作用时间。方法：通过对14名普通男性大学生运用肌肉离心收缩激活方式，观察后续纵跳表现的影响。结果：在激活干预后即刻，对照组与离心负荷（105%1RM和125%1RM）激活干预两个实验组纵跳峰值功率和纵跳的高度没有显著差异，激活干预两个组之间的纵跳表现没有显著差异。激活干预的两组在T3和T6时段的纵跳功率峰值均明显高于对照组。在T3时段两个激活干预实验组纵跳高度峰值明显高于对照组，在T6时段，105%1RM激活干预组的纵跳高度明显增加。结论：纵跳测试前加入大强度的离心负荷刺激会小幅度提高纵跳的能力，不同强度离心负荷的激活干预的后激活增强效应差异性不大，采用105%1RM强度的离心负荷激活干预在 3~6 min有明显的后激活增强效应。 相似文献
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David Clutch Mike Wilton Carl McGown G. Rex Bryce 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(1):5-10
Abstract In recent years, a method of plyometrics (exercises that cause a rapid lengthening of a muscle prior to contraction) called depth jumping has become a part of the training routine of many athletes. Two experiments are described in which the effectiveness of the exercises is examined. In Experiment 1, undergraduate students in beginning weight training classes trained with three different jumping programs: (1) maximum vertical jumps, (2) 0.3 m depth jumps, and (3) 0.75 m and 1.10 m depth jumps. In addition, all groups also lifted weights. In Experiment 2, a weight training class and the volleyball team at Brigham Young University-Hawaii were divided into two groups. One group lifted weights and performed 0.75 and 1.10 m depth jumps. The other group only lifted weights. In Experiment 1, the three training programs resulted in increases in one repetition maximum (1 RM) squat strength, isometric knee extension strength, and in vertical jump; however, there were no significant differences between treatments. In Experiment 2, all groups made significant increases in vertical jump, except the group of weight lifters, who did no jumping. It was concluded that depth jumps are effective but not more effective than a regular jumping routine. 相似文献
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It is unclear whether weighted vest (WV) use improves countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ) performance by enhancing stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) function via increased storage and utilisation of elastic strain energy. In is also unknown whether WV use stimulates different responses in men and women. WV effects on energy storage and utilisation during CMVJ were examined in men and women. Nine men (25 ± 3 y; 89.7 ± 18.7 kg; 1.8 ± 0.1 m) and 12 women (24 ± 3 y; 62.7 ± 10.3 kg; 1.6 ± 0.1 m) performed CMVJ wearing a WV with (loaded) and without (unloaded) 10% added mass while kinematic and ground reaction force (GRF) data were obtained. A longer eccentric sub-phase and increased storage of elastic strain energy occurred when loaded. Increased positive joint work occurred during the concentric portion of loaded CMVJ. Women exhibited less positive hip work and greater positive ankle work than men during the unloading and eccentric sub-phases, respectively. Joint work was similar between sexes during the concentric sub-phase, likely due to decreased trunk extension excursion in men when loaded. Women and men employ different SSC strategies during the CMVJ, though the different strategies do not alter energy storage or concentric mechanical output. 相似文献
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An increase in the period over which a muscle generates force can lead to the generation of greater force and, therefore, for example in jumping, to greater jump height. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of squat depth on maximum vertical jump performance. We hypothesized that jump height would increase with increasing depth of squat due to the greater time available for the generation of muscular force. Ten participants performed jumps from preferred and deep squat positions. A computer model simulated jumps from the different starting postures. The participants showed no difference in jump height in jumps from deep and preferred positions. Simulated jumps produced similar kinematics to the participants' jumps. The optimal squat depth for the simulated jumps was the lowest position the model was able to jump from. Because jumping from a deep squat is rarely practised, it is unlikely that these jumps were optimally coordinated by the participants. Differences in experimental vertical ground reaction force patterns also suggest that jumps from a deep squat are not optimally coordinated. These results suggest there is the potential for athletes to increase jump performance by exploiting a greater range of motion. 相似文献
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Abstract An increase in the period over which a muscle generates force can lead to the generation of greater force and, therefore, for example in jumping, to greater jump height. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of squat depth on maximum vertical jump performance. We hypothesized that jump height would increase with increasing depth of squat due to the greater time available for the generation of muscular force. Ten participants performed jumps from preferred and deep squat positions. A computer model simulated jumps from the different starting postures. The participants showed no difference in jump height in jumps from deep and preferred positions. Simulated jumps produced similar kinematics to the participants' jumps. The optimal squat depth for the simulated jumps was the lowest position the model was able to jump from. Because jumping from a deep squat is rarely practised, it is unlikely that these jumps were optimally coordinated by the participants. Differences in experimental vertical ground reaction force patterns also suggest that jumps from a deep squat are not optimally coordinated. These results suggest there is the potential for athletes to increase jump performance by exploiting a greater range of motion. 相似文献