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上海百余年来气温日间波动特征及城市化影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
基于上海市区(徐家汇)气象站1873年-2009年和上海10个郊县气象站1960年-2009年逐日气温数据,利用气候统计诊断方法分析了上海最高和最低气温在两日间(简称日间)的波动特征及城市化影响,结果表明:1873年-2009年期间,上海最高气温日间降温日数逐渐增多,升温日数逐渐减少,最低气温日间降温日数呈多-少-多-少的年际变化,日间升温日数则呈少-多-少-多的年际变化。上海最高气温日间降温和升温幅度、降温和升温≥5℃日数和最低气温日间降温幅度、降温≥5℃日数都呈现出先增加后减少的年际变化,最低气温日间升温幅度和升温≥5℃日数在20世纪30年代前变化很小,从20世纪60年代至今明显减少。上海城市化增加了最高气温的日间波动幅度,并减少了最低气温的日间波动幅度,使得最高气温日间升温≥5℃日数增加和日间降温≥5℃日数减缓减少,最低气温日间降温和日间升温≥5℃日数均减少。 相似文献
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柴达木盆地气温降水的长序列变化及与水资源关系 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
根据柴达木盆地8个气象观测站点1960年-2009年共50年的逐月平均气温及降水量资料,综合运用线性趋势分析及Mann-Kendall趋势检验等气象统计分析方法对柴达木盆地气温及降水的变化趋势进行了分析。结果表明在过去的50年里,柴达木盆地经历了明显的升温过程,且增温幅度越来越大,特别是进入20世纪90年代,总的升温幅度在0.5℃/10a左右,远大于同期全球的升温幅度;柴达木盆地降水也略有上升,变化幅度6.2mm/10a左右。从空间分布上看,柴达木盆地气温增幅从东到西逐渐增高,而降水倾向率则逐渐减小。季节分布上,盆地内冬季的气温升温幅度最为明显,增温幅度达0.72℃/10a左右,降水倾向率则夏季最大,达3.4mm/10a。累积距平曲线及Mann-Kendall趋势突变检验综合分析表明,柴达木盆地气温在20世纪80年代有一个明显的增温过程,增温起点在1987年左右。气温、降水的变化也在一定程度上影响到水资源量的变化,相关分析表明,地表水资源量与降水呈显著相关关系,但与气温关系不明显。另外,上一年降水也对地表水资源量有一定的影响。 相似文献
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选取青藏铁路沿线常规气象观测站1964—2004年平均气温、降水资料建立各站各季及年平均温度、降水资料完整的序列。分析表明，青藏铁路沿线气候变化特征最明显的是温度的变化，近40年来升温最显著的是冬季、秋季，升温率达到0．3℃／10a；春、夏季的升温率最小，为0．2℃／10a；年平均升温率为0．3／10a。近40年中青藏铁路沿线的年平均降水量在267．5—462．0mm之间。沿线平均降水量为367．9mm。降水量呈波动上升的变化趋势，90年代末进入一个明显的增多阶段。 相似文献
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海河流域基于多模式的未来气候变化趋势 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据国家气候中心提供的7个气候模式在3种RCP排放情景的情景资料,分析了海河流域未来30~50年气候的可能变化趋势。结果表明,海河流域未来气温将持续升高,RCP26、RCP45和RCP85情景下的线性升率约为(0.07~0.59)℃/10a、(0.18~0.45)℃/10a和(0.33~0.65)℃/10a。未来降水变化具有较大的不确定性,与基准期(1961-1990年)相比,未来海河流域降水可能呈现增加趋势,3种排放情景下2021-2050年降水量较基准期分别增加3.4%、6.8%和3.4%左右。在季节分配上,冬春季节气温升幅较大,春夏季节升温幅度相对较小;非汛期降水的相对变化幅度大于汛期的相对变化幅度。在空间分布上,升温幅度自南向北依次递增;降水变化幅度自西北向东南递减。 相似文献
5.
杨雪昆 《内蒙古科技与经济》2015,(5):45-46,55
利用鄂尔多斯市8个气象台站1961年~2013年逐月平均气温、降水量资料,用趋势分析和累积距平、信噪比等方法,分析了鄂尔多斯市近53a的气温和降水变化特征。结果表明:1年平均气温上升趋势明显,近53a升温2.1℃,且通过0.001显著检验,突变发生在1986年,近13a是最温暖时期。四季与年平均气温变化趋势基本一致,但略有不同。增温幅度冬季最大,夏季最小;突变时间秋季最早,夏季最晚。2年降水量略呈减少趋势,近53a仅减少1.4mm,四季降水量的变化不同步,夏、秋季降水趋于减少,冬、春季略有增加,相关系数均未达到0.10的显著水平。 相似文献
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本文利用浙江省68个国家气象站1972—2021年的年降水量和日平均气温资料,采用线性倾向率法、累积距平法、Mann-Kendall非参数检验、滑动T检验和小波分析等数理统计分析方法,对浙江省近50 a来的气候变化特征进行研究。结果表明：(1)浙江省近50 a来,年均气温显著上升,气候倾斜率为0.39℃/10a;年降水量整体呈现小幅度的上升趋势,波动现象比较明显,气候倾斜率为38.339 mm/10a;(2)年均气温在1997年左右出现了1次明显突变,经历了1次低温到高温的转变;年降水量则在2010年左右出现明显突变,2010年是浙江省年降水量逐渐增加的开始;(3)小波分析结果显示浙江省近50 a来的气候变化的第一主周期为30 a;年均气温主要存在着24～32 a的长周期规律,短周期规律不显著;年降水量的震荡周期存在24～32 a、14～24 a、8～12 a、4～8 a的多尺度嵌套结构;(4)目前处于小波系数等值线气温高值中心及降水低值中心,等值线尚未闭合,预测未来一段时间将继续处于年均气温偏高、降水偏低的周期内。 相似文献
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《资源科学》2016,(9)
基于美国国家气候中心发布的全球气象站点日数据,利用克里金插值、线性趋势法、累计距平曲线法、Mann-Kendall显著性检验和多尺度区域统计等方法,系统阐述了"丝绸之路经济带"主要国家1980-2014年气温和降水的变化趋势和空间分布特征。结果表明,研究区近35年以0.4℃/10a的速率呈现明显升温态势,30.1%的区域升温显著,0.03%的区域降温显著。各国普遍在20世纪末进入偏暖阶段。降水以减少为主,却仅有0.19%的区域减少显著,零星分布于沙特阿拉伯和中国的西部。南亚1991年后进入降水偏多阶段,其余地区多在1999年后进入降水偏少阶段。该成果能够为相关国家在"一带一路"战略的统领下解决和应对气候变化问题提供科学依据和有益参考。 相似文献
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《西藏科技》2017,(1)
文章利用西藏地区主要的6个地面观测站1955年至2000年逐日的气温和降水量观测资料,对西藏高原的主要地区及整个区域近45年的气温变化及降水变化进行了统计分析从而分析了西藏地区近45年的气候变化特征。通过对西藏地区主要6个地面观测站的观测资料的统计分析发现:西藏近几十年平均地面气温变化主要是以增暖为主,增暖趋势基本与全球温度变化同步,而且近10年西藏地区地面气温升高非常明显。从增暖的幅度看,冬季的增暖最明显,而夏季的很小。而近几十年区域地面平均气温的主要变化特征是:各地区的平均地面气温变化主要是增暖为主,但各地区增暖幅度有较大差异。拉萨市和那曲地区的增暖最为明显,而昌都和日喀则地区虽有增暖的趋势,但增幅没拉萨和那曲地区大,增暖不是很明显。在这些地区中那曲地区的地面平均气温较其他地区很小。而且年平均地面气温多年都在零度以下。通过对西藏地区主要6个站的降水观测资料的统计分析发现:西藏近几十年的降水的变化趋势基本跟地面平均气温一致。降水的主要变化是逐年增多,且近十年的增幅比较大,降水量增多的比较明显。从季节变化来看夏季降水最多,且有逐年增多的趋势。冬季除了个别年有少量的降雪其余多年无降水。区域降水的主要变化特征是各地区的降水都有逐年增多的趋势。其中那曲地区最为明显。拉萨地区较不明显。但各地区的近10年来的降水量的变化都很大。降水的变化趋势没地面平均气温那么明显。主要还存在年际振荡的特征。 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence 相似文献