共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
中美高等教育机构分类在思想基础、指标体系、分类主体及分类功能等方面,既存在着共同的方面,也有差异。比如两国的分类都体现了“重学术”的价值取向,分类的标准都呈现出一元化的特点。不同的地方表现在我国的高等教育机构分类带有明显的行政性,分类的理论滞后于实践等方面。两国高等教育机构分类的差异是受本国的政治、经济和文化传统等因素影响的。 相似文献
2.
跨文化视角下的中英基础教育 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中英双方研究者通过对两国基础教育及学校管理的个案研究与比较 ,用跨文化视角考察分析中英两国基础教育中的理论与实践。两国研究者认为 ,中英两国基础教育办学具有明显的“市场”特征 ;在“科学”与“民主”这一对矛盾性很强的管理概念中 ,两国学校的实践既有显著的不同 ,又表现出很大的相似性 ;两国的课堂教学分别走向了两个极端 ,都在困惑中向另一个极端探求出路。 相似文献
3.
张之洞和福泽谕吉分别是近代中日两国洋务教育和维新教育的倡导者和代表人物,两人的教育思想和实践也都分别影响了中日早期教育近代化的历程,两人在教育思想和实践上有许多相同之处,表现在都重视教育,重视以实学为中心的教育改革,重视学习西方。但两人的教育思想的差异则是影响两国教育近代化历程和结果的重要因素。研究两人教育思想的不同,对当今我国的高等教育改革有重要的启发和指导意义。 相似文献
4.
高等学校为什么要分类以及怎样分类?——加州高等教育规划分类体系与卡内基高等教育机构分类的比较 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
加州高等教育规划分类体系和卡内基高等教育机构分类分别是规划性分类及描述性分类的典型代表,两者在分类的目的、机构、标准和方式等方面都有着很大的不同,但两者出台的背景和原因却有着很大的相似之处。本文从研究这两种分类入手,并结合我国当前高等教育的发展,得出如下结论:高等学校分类是高等教育规模扩张后的必然要求,分类本身不是目的,通过分类所要达到的是高等教育的多样化发展。 相似文献
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6.
英国和美国高等教育制度很不相同。即使在英国国内,英格兰和威尔士的教育制度与苏格兰及北爱尔兰的差异也很悬殊。本文只就英格兰(包括威尔士)的高等教育与美国作一粗浅对比。为了行文方便,称之为英美教育的比较。在比较两国高等教育时,下述两点区别是不可忽视的:一是高等教育机构类别。两国高教机构的最大区别在于英国实行一种双重制,将高校机构分成两大部分——作为学术研究中心的大学和作为职业训练机构的地方学院,两者之间存在着严格的等级差别。而在美国高校机构中学院的地位和水平并不 相似文献
7.
教育券作为一种新颖的教育政策工具在中美两国的高等教育领域得到运用。通过比较发现,中美两国的文化传统、政策的决策程序与合法性以及适用范围等方面存在明显的差异,这也是两国高等教育券政策不同走向的原因所在。我国实行高等教育券需要进一步加强理论和实践研究,增强政策的开放性以及政府和高校的市场回应性。 相似文献
8.
大学图以利益相关者理论为基础,在五大高等教育利益主体的影响下确定了多维度多指标的分类标准,通过分类工具呈现了每所大学发展现状和特色,力图引导欧洲高等教育机构多样化发展。其以利益相关者理论为基础,侧重分类维度和指标的社会属性和分类结果的自然呈现,体现了欧洲高校分类新的动向,为我国高校分类理论和实践提供了新的思路。 相似文献
9.
宋旭璞 《上海教育评估研究》2016,5(4):34-38
20 世纪70 年代以来,随着高等教育规模的扩张,高等教育资源的稀缺日益明显,各国政
府开始重视对高等教育机构成本效率的评估,绩效评估已经成为推动高等教育质量提高的重要抓
手。我国更是进入了多方评估并存、实施分类评估、深入动态管理的推进阶段。然而评估标准和评
估方法的科学性研究却始终存在滞后性,阻碍了实践的发展。本文首先对国外高校绩效评估方法
的理论研究和实践状况进行梳理,重点探讨两种研究范式下不同评估方法的适切性问题;在此基础
上,从我国高校绩效评估实践出发,针对绩效评估方法这一重要理论问题提出建议。 相似文献
10.
美国实施教师资格认定制度已有近两百年的历史,其教师资格认定条件及教师资格证书的种类都较为完备;中国由于教师资格认定制度实施时间不长,还有很多地方需要逐步完善。对比中美两国教师资格认定制度,两国的教师资格申请人学历要求、教育教学能力测试方式、教师资格证书分类、教师资格证书的期限等不同,得到的启示是我国在教师资格学历要求、考核教学实践、教师资格证书分类、教师资格证有效期方面还需进一步完善。 相似文献
11.
Giorgio Di Pietro 《Journal of Education & Work》2017,30(5):501-514
Research across several countries has shown that degree classification (i.e. the final grade awarded to students successfully completing university) is an important determinant of graduates’ first destination outcome. Graduates leaving university with higher degree classifications have better employment opportunities and a higher likelihood of continuing education relative to those with lower degree classifications. This article investigates whether one of the reasons for this result is that employers and higher education institutions use degree classification as a signalling device for the ability that recent graduates may possess. Given the large number of applicants and the amount of time and resources typically required to assess their skills, employers and higher education institutions may decide to rely on this measure when forming beliefs about recent graduates’ abilities. Using data on two cohorts of recent graduates from a UK university, results suggest that an Upper Second degree classification may have a signalling role. 相似文献
12.
One of the most recent European developments in the internationalization of higher education is the stimulation of regional co‐operation among institutions. In the so‐called border countries policy, Flanders, The Netherlands, and the German Länder of North‐Rhine Westphalia, Bremen, and Lower Saxony are collaborating in different ways to establish an “open higher education space”. Within the framework of this border countries policy, various initiatives have been taken in order to support co‐operation among higher education institutions from the countries involved. Amongst other things, research was undertaken in order to gain insight into the differences and similarities of the programmes offered in the five countries. In addition, the Ministries of Education of the participating countries have begun to allocate funds to institutions that have taken co‐operation initiatives that coincide with the policies of the countries concerned. These two aspects of the border countries policy will be discussed in this article. 相似文献
13.
《Africa Education Review》2013,10(1):97-110
Abstract The aim of this paper was to review the contribution of private institutions to higher education in Africa and use Monash South Africa as a case study. A literature search was conducted to gain perspective on the current situation with respect to private higher education institutions in Africa and how they are perceived in relation to public higher education institutions. In comparison with public higher education institutions, private higher education institutions in Africa were successful in four areas: ? Widening access to higher education in the continent ? Improving the quality of education ? Improving student experience ? Increasing the recognition and marketability of their degrees However, private higher education institutions in Africa have failed in two areas: ? Reducing the costs of higher education in Africa ? Assisting with retention of skilled human capital in African countries. In fact, private higher education institutions in Africa, have exacerbated the two situations above. Monash South Africa was the first foreign university to be established in South Africa and one of over 100 private universities in the continent. As a campus of Monash University in Africa, it has seen a steady growth with over 3,500 students in the past 10 years of its existence. Like other private institutions, the campus was successful in the four areas above and also fails in the area of costs and assisting in retention of skilled staff in Africa. The campus has been successful in blending its private provider status with a public purpose mandate by offering degrees in social science, business and economics, information technology and health sciences. 相似文献
14.
进入大众化阶段,一个国家高校分类的问题会变得更加突出。发达国家高校分类指标体系经历了由探索到成熟、由复杂到简单、由理论到实践的演变过程,对于我国高校的分类体系具有一定的借鉴作用,我国高校的分类也正在朝此方向发展。陕西高校的实证分析证明,采用简洁而又具有代表性的指标来对我国高校进行分类是可行的。 相似文献
15.
Mark Ginsburg Oscar Espinoza Simona Popa Mayumi Terano 《Globalisation, Societies & Education》2003,1(3):413-445
This chapter explores the processes of privatisation of higher education in Chile (after 1981) and Romania (after 1989), focusing on the emergence of private institutions, the expansion in enrolments in these institutions, and the relative increase in private sources of funding for the post‐secondary sub‐sector. Attention is also given to related trends in higher education in these two countries: domestic marketisation (a strengthening of an orientation toward selling programmes/commodities to students/consumers within the country) and international commercialisation (an expansion of initiatives by domestic and foreign institutions to provide distance education, study abroad/exchange, and foreign site‐based degree programmes). Of importance to an understanding of globalisation, these two societies, which at the time exhibited similar economic systems but had different political systems and were situated in different regional contexts, experienced remarkably similar processes of and outcomes from privatisation, marketisation, and commercialisation. In both cases these processes were promoted by ‘internal’ political actors but also shaped by ‘external’ forces, notably the World Bank's higher education policy recommendations and the conditionalities included in the stabilisation and structural adjustment programmes ‘negotiated’, respectively, with the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank in order to obtain loans. As a result of these processes—occurring prior to and during the emergence of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) as a component of the World Trade Organization (WTO)—higher education institutions in both Chile and Romania are much more vulnerable to foreign influence/domination, although they also have somewhat greater opportunities to broaden their role in the global ‘business’ of higher education. 相似文献
16.
Budgeting—i.e. the decision on the level of expenditures and on the repartition of resources among organizational subunits—can be conceived as a critical organizational process, which is closely related to key choices concerning strategic priorities and to resources acquisition strategies. Overall, it is increasingly being recognized as one of the central places where steering and governance take place, and where higher education institutions are supposed to take initiative. Accordingly, this paper pursues two aims: first, it provides a review of existing studies about budgeting in higher education, according to the literature on changes in its organizational characteristics, and with a focus on approaches from Organizational Theory and Sociology. Second, it identifies some future directions of research, thus easing the integration of these two bodies of literature. This integration may help in providing researchers with a deeper understanding of the current functioning of budgeting processes, their variations across higher education institutions and countries, as well as their implications for organizational behavior. 相似文献
17.
Ka-ho Mok 《Higher Education》1999,37(2):133-158
This paper attempts to examine how market forces have affected educational development in Hong Kong and Mainland China. In both places, there has been a trend to the decentralisation and marketisation of education in recent years, particularly in the realm of higher education. Based upon recent research conducted in Hong Kong and China, the author argues that higher education in these two places has been significantly affected by emerging market forces. The core of the paper is confined to the discussion of two major issues: user charges and the introduction of competition and cost recovery in education. The main focus of this paper is on what strategies educational institutions in Hong Kong and China have employed in response to the strong tide of marketisation. Particular attention will be given to discussing how markets and competition have affected the governance and delivery of educational services in Hong Kong and China. This comparative study has demonstrated that even though the recent developments in higher education in these two places have been experiencing a similar global trend, the global tide of universal trend in which private charges, market competition, non-state provision, corporate governance, system-wide performance management should not be treated as a simplistic notion of undifferentiated universal trend. Instead, different places may take different configurations in cases of marketization which remain national-specific as well as global. 相似文献
18.
William Locke 《European Journal of Education》2014,49(1):77-90
Rankings and online comparison sites have both facilitated and shaped the marketisation of higher education in England, the UK as a whole and elsewhere. They have facilitated marketisation by introducing greater competition between and within higher education institutions. Ultimately, they accomplish the transformation of qualities into quantities, which is both required by, and a consequence of, the commodification and privatisation of higher education. Rankings have also helped to embed the logic of the market within organisational structures and processes and within the minds and practices of organisational members. In some ways, in a highly regulated UK higher education market, rankings became a substitute for more authentic market mechanisms. However, these processes have intensified with the transfer (in England) of the majority of the cost of study to students and the emergence of more sophisticated websites presenting detailed statistics that enable prospective students to compare courses and institutions on indicators such as modes of student assessment and employment outcomes. This article seeks to understand how different types of university and college are responding to this intensification of rankings logic amidst the further marketisation of higher education in the UK. It employs the concepts of internalisation and institutionalisation to analyse how these responses evolve and vary between institutions at different places in the rankings, but eschews a completely Foucauldian interpretation which, in the author's view, cannot fully explain the responses within institutions (and over time) to ‘data-driven technologies’. 相似文献
19.
20世纪70年代后,随着世界范围内高等教育财政危机的到来,高等教育市场化进程加快,市场机制逐渐被引入到高等教育领域中来,教育产业与教育市场进入了一个新的阶段。营利性高等教育机构相继在许多国家出现,并取得了较好的经济、教育和社会效益。它们与资本市场的联姻不仅震惊了高等教育学界的学者,也吸引了华尔街投资者的青睐。本文将以美国七家营利性高等教育机构（简称G-7）为例,对营利性高等教育机构进入资本市场的产权制度进行研究。 相似文献
20.
李明华 《清华大学教育研究》2012,33(2):55-64
本研究旨在探究世界高等教育认证制度格局及其形成的原因.对49个国家和地区研究后发现,世界高等教育认证制度呈橄榄形格局,一端是美国的“山寨”模式,中间是代表世界大势的“立法设立、行政独立”模式,另一端是“教育行政部门控制”模式.世界趋势是橄榄的两端向中间靠拢.中国正处于“橄榄”的一端,并正处于在向中间靠拢的运动中.一个国家的文化传统、政治制度和国际影响决定了该国所选择的高等教育认证制度;“先发内生型”国家的认证制度基本上由该国的文化和政治决定,国际影响很弱;“后发外生型”国家的文化、政治和国际影响都对认证制度起重要作用,其中国际影响发挥长期的导向性作用. 相似文献